May Ajero Air Quality Program Manager

Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia)

3rd High Level Seminar on Environmentally Sustainable Cities

Siem Reap, Cambodia

6-8 March 2012

Data and Tools for Low Emission

Cities Development in Asia

Why we need tools and data?

2

Tools and Data

Policies, Plans, Regulations

Investments

including development interventions

for estimating emissions and assessing state of

environment

Low Emissions Development

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

PM10 NO2 SO2

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/m

3 )Average of Annual Average Ambient AQ in Selected Asian Cit ies

(1993-2009) US EPA NAAQS (annual)EU AQ Standard (annual)WHO AQ (annual)

PM10 NO2 SO2

Distribution of Asian Cities relative to 2009

PM10 Levels

4 Source: CAI-Asia, 2011.

Timeline on Establishment of First Set of

Ambient AQ Standards

5 Source: CAI-Asia, 2011.

Annual Average PM2.5 Standards (µg/m3)

6 Source: CAI-Asia, 2011. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

AfghanistanBhutan (Mixed)

BruneiCambodia

Hong Kong SARIndonesiaLao PDRMalaysia

MyanmarNepal

PhilippinesRepublic of Korea

Taipei,ChinaViet Nam

India**China: Grade II

JapanMongoliaSri LankaThailand

BangladeshPakistan

Singapore

WHO IT-135 µg/m3

WHO IT-225 µg/m3

US EPA15 µg/m3

WHO IT-115 µg/m3

WHO AQG10 µg/m3

EU25 µg/m3

India= Industrial, Residential, Rural & Other Areas

Improving Air Quality Monitoring Systems in

Asian Cities

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1. Air Quality Data Collection

2. Cluster Cities according to Good AQ and Poor AQ

5. City Visits for AQ Monitoring Assessments

4. Air Quality Monitoring Systems Survey

6. Preparation of Asia Best Practice Guidelines on AQ Monitoring Systems

7. Explore Twin Cities Arrangements

8. Dissemination and Communication

Launch at BAQ 2012

3. Air Quality in Asia: Status and Trends Report

Development and application of the

Rapid Assessment of City Emissions (RACE) Tool in

selected Asian cities covering:

Energy use in industrial, commercial, residential buildings and transport

Land use and transport integration

Low Emission Cities Project

Land Use Factors Affecting Transportation

Diversity of land

use

Density of population

Design of city

Distance to transit

Destination access (to

employment centers)

Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City: Rapid urban growth

2000 2011

Baseline 2010: Population Distribution

Baseline 2010: Total Building Area (m2)

Scenarios for TRANSPORT

Energy transport: 1.3 million TOE Electricity: 15 million MWh CO2 emissions transport: 4.3 million tons CO2 emissions electricity: 6.1 million tons

Energy: +% CO2 emissions: +%

Energy: +% CO2 emissions: +%

Baseline 2010

BAU 2030

Alternative Development 2030

Scenarios for ENERGY USE

Energy transport: 1.3 million TOE Electricity: 15 million MWh CO2 emissions transport: 4.3 million tons CO2 emissions electricity: 6.1 million tons

Energy: +% CO2 emissions: +%

Energy: +% CO2 emissions: +%

Baseline 2010

BAU 2030

Alternative Development 2030

A TRIPS

km

S TRANSPORT

mode

I FUEL +

ELECTRICITY use

F EMISSION FACTORS

Calculating Emissions from Transport

Source: Schipper et al. 1999. Flexing the Link. Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transportation in Developing Countries

Activity Structure Intensity Fuel

\

A FLOOR AREA

m2

S BUILDING

type

I ELECTRICITY +

FUEL use

F EMISSION FACTORS

Calculating Emissions from Buildings

Source: Schipper et al. 1999. Flexing the Link. Reducing Carbon Emissions from Transportation in Developing Countries

Activity Structure Intensity Fuel

2030 reductions potential under alternative scenario – Transport

– 27% CO2 emissions – 44% PM emissions – 54% NOx emissions

• Indirect emissions reductions from grid electricity use – 12% CO2 emissions – 16% PM emissions – 11% NOx emissions – 13% CO emissions – 10% SOx emissions

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Baseline2010 BAU2030 Alternative2030

Total CO2 (tons) 4,385,100 9,788,747 7,156,105 Total PM (tons) 11,645 10,989 6,148 Total NOx (tons) 23,210 48,219 22,019

HCMC Scenario Results

What investments are needed?

For low emission urban development, investments must be directed

towards helping cities address the root cause of transport and land use problems rather than their symptoms

Encourage mixed land-use development to reduce motorized trips and trip lengths

Increase investments in public transport systems

Improve non-motorized transport infrastructure (e.g., biking paths, pedestrian sidewalks)

Invest and/or prioritize cleaner energy sources

Encourage energy-efficient buildings

• Introduction

• AP/GHG Indicators and input parameters selection

– 24 transport indicators

– 21 energy indicators

• Guidelines for Generation, interpretation and analysis of indicators

• Annexes

– Indicator initiatives of international organizations

– Default values for transport and energy input parameters

Guidelines on Transport and Energy Data

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• Air pollution is still a major problem in cities in ASEAN region

• Low emissions development beyond low carbon

• Integrating land use and transportation planning is essential in achieving low emissions development

• Open data and tools (calculation and guidelines) are important to ensure sustainability of city efforts and scaling up through knowledge sharing

Summary

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Better Air Quality Conference 2012

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GROWING CITIES, HEALTHY CITIES

For more information

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center@cai-asia.org Unit 3505 Robinsons-Equitable Tower

ADB Avenue, Pasig City Metro Manila 1605

Philippines

CAI-Asia Center

cpo@cai-asia.org 901A Reignwood Building,

No. 8 YongAnDongLi Jianguomenwai Avenue Beijing

China

CAI-Asia China Office

india@cai-asia.org Regus Elegance

Elegance Tower, Mathura Road, Jasola Vihar, New Delhi

India

CAI-Asia India Office

CAI-Asia Country Networks

China . India . Indonesia . Nepal . Pakistan . Philippines . Sri Lanka . Vietnam

CAI-Asia Center Members 231 CAI-Asia Partnership Members

• 45 Cities • 19 Environment ministries • 13 Other Government agencies • 17 Development agencies and foundations • 66 NGOs • 37 Academic and research institutes • 32 Private sector companies

Donors in 2011 Asian Development Bank ClimateWorks Foundation Energy Foundation Fredskorpset Norway Fu Tak Iam Foundation German International Cooperation (GIZ) Guangdong Government Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) Institute for Transport Policy Studies Institute for Transportation and Development Policy International Union for Conservation of Nature Korea Transport Institute MAHA Philippine Business for the Environment United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) United Nations Environment Program Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (UNEP PCFV) Veolia World Bank

www.cleanairinitiative.org