data analytics needs scenario water quality earth science data analytics federal big data working...
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Data Analytics Needs ScenarioWater Quality
Earth Science Data AnalyticsFederal Big Data Working Group
May 6, 2014
Joan L. Aron, Ph.D.Aron Environmental Consulting
Columbia, Maryland
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End User of Big DataPerspective of Risk Analysis
• Risk analysis for environmental issues.• Trends (comparisons) across time and space.• Other end user needs may be different. • Example: Emergency response systems need
the latest data, but not historical data.
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End User of Big DataContinuity of Data
• Continuity – Will these data continue?• Continuity – Criterion for usability of Big Data.• Decennial census has constitutional mandate
but mandates are not typical. • Data re-analysis can provide continuity for
multiple sources that may change over time. • NASA has MERRA re-analysis of climate data
supporting research on global climate models that determines spatial and temporal scales.
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End User of Big DataLinkages of Data
• Linkages – Ability to link datasets from different agencies, sectors and/or disciplines.
• Linkages – Criterion for usability of Big Data. • Interagency Council on Climate Preparedness and
Resilience (Co-Chairs: Council on Environmental Quality; Office of Science & Technology Policy; Assistant to President for Homeland Security & Counterterrorism)
• Executive Order 13653 (11/2013) – Preparing the United States for the Impacts of Climate Change
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End User of Big DataLinkages: Climate and Water Quality
• Big Data can improve the speed of monitoring to keep up with the identification of problems
• Big Data can improve the accuracy of monitoring to better target interventions
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) periodic reporting on physical science, impacts, adaptation, vulnerability, mitigation http://www.ipcc.ch/
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End User of Big DataLinkages: Climate and Water Quality
• Terrestrial and inland water systems (IPCC WGII Impacts, 2014, Chap. 4) – Increased urbanization and agricultural irrigation– Altered thermal and precipitation regimes
• Coastal systems and low-lying areas (IPCC WGII Impacts, 2014, Chap. 5) – Increased development and pollution (nitrogen,
phosphorus, sediment, dead zones)– Altered sea level, ocean temperature & acidity
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End User of Big DataWater Quality Complexity w/o Climate
• Mississippi River• Lake Erie• Chesapeake Bay• Las Vegas Wash
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End User of Big DataMississippi River – Water Quality
• U.S. largest hypoxic (low oxygen) zone where Mississippi flows into northern Gulf of Mexico
• High nitrate levels in Miss. River cause algal growth that consumes oxygen
• Increasing trend between 1980 and 2010 despite efforts to reduce nitrates (agricultural fertilizers, wastewater treatment)
• Urban sprawl; replacing soy with corn; ???
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End User of Big DataLake Erie – Water Quality
• Smallest and shallowest of Great Lakes• Pollution (esp. phosphorus) causes harmful
algal blooms (HABs)• HABs impact ecosystem, drinking water
supplies, fisheries, recreation, tourism• Municipal sewage treatment 1960s, 1970s• Problem re-emerged 2000s with runoff• HAB toxin shut water plant in Ohio - 2013
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End User of Big DataChesapeake Bay – Water Quality
• Urban and storm-water runoff growing• Chesapeake Bay watershed – new impervious
surface equiv. to Washington DC every 4 years• Nitrogen, phosphorus, sediment plus trash,
fecal bacteria, oil and other petroleum products, pesticides, herbicides, road salt, copper, lead, zinc
• Fish mortality, oyster restrictions, beach closures, nitrate filtration – drinking; dredging
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End User of Big DataLas Vegas Wash – Water Quality
• Drains storm-water runoff and treated effluent from Las Vegas Valley to LV Bay / Lake Mead
• Rapid population growth and development – excess sediment in water
• Plan to control erosion (small dams / weirs), restore wetlands, and limit invasive plants; water intake for tunnel to Lake Mead
• Las Vegas Wash water quality OK since 2004• History of storms and massive erosion leading to loss
of habitat and infrastructure – resilience??
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End User of Big Data
Thanks for background information and helpful discussion from: Brand Niemann (Semantic Community) Bob Hall (USEPA) Dan Heggem (USEPA) John Schnase (NASA) Steve Kempler (NASA)
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End User of Big Data
• Category:– Perspective of Risk Analysis:
• CODATA Integrated Research on Disaster Risk:
– Continuity of Data:• US EPA Air Data:
– Linkages of Data:• Conservation International:
– Linkages of Climate and Water Quality:• US Interagency Chesapeake Bay Program:
• Answer Three Questions:– How was the data collected?– Where is the data stored?– What are the data results?
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Perspective of Risk Analysis - CODATA Integrated Research on Disaster Risk: How was the data collected?
http://semanticommunity.info/Data_Science/Big_Data_Science_for_CODATA#Databases_at_a_Glance
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Perspective of Risk Analysis - CODATA Integrated Research on Disaster Risk: Where is the data stored?
Web Player
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Perspective of Risk Analysis - CODATA Integrated Research on Disaster Risk: What are the data results?
Web Player
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Continuity of Data - EPA Air Data:How was the data collected?
http://semanticommunity.info/Data_Science/Data_Science_for_EPA_Air_Data
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Continuity of Data - EPA Air Data:Where is the data stored?
Web Player
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Continuity of Data - EPA Air Data:What are the data results?
Web Player
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Linkages of Data - Conservation International:How was the data collected?
http://www.teamnetwork.org/protocols
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Linkages of Data - Conservation International:Where is the data stored?
http://www.teamnetwork.org/data/query
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Linkages of Data - Conservation International:What are the data results?
http://www.teamnetwork.org/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=download http://semanticommunity.info/Data_Science/Earth_Insights_from_Big_Data
My Note: Work in progress.
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Linkages of Climate and Water Quality - US Interagency Chesapeake Bay Program: How was the data collected?
http://semanticommunity.info/Chesapeake_Bay_Program
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Linkages of Climate and Water Quality - US Interagency Chesapeake Bay Program: Where is the data stored?
http://semanticommunity.info/Chesapeake_Bay_Program
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Linkages of Climate and Water Quality - US Interagency Chesapeake Bay Program: What are the data results?
Web Player
My Note: The variations in climateexplain why the pollution controlshave not improved water quality!
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Linkages of Climate and Water Quality - US Interagency Chesapeake Bay Program: What are the data results?
Web Player