data analysis and interpretation -...

Chapter No 7

Data analysis and Interpretation

7.0 Introduction

Considering the three important constraints as time factor, money factor, and attitude of

respondents, it was determined to cover 25 pharmaceutical companies, 5 patent lawyers and 30

doctors in and around Pune and Mumbai city. This has enabled to study effectively the impact of

Amended Patent act on research and development activities of Indian pharmaceutical

companies.

There are different methods to collect data and the suitable method of data collection can be

decided keeping in view the consideration of time, cost, and reliability of the source.

Primary data is collected by taking the interviews of research and development, production and

legal department managers of pharmaceutical companies. Also some eminent personalities

having wide experience in the line of intellectual property rights legal practice who can discuss

current scenario of patent filling as well as approving in Indian pharmaceutical company.

Similarly some eminent personalities having very wide experience in the line of medicine

practitioners are contacted to understand current scenario of Indian manufactured medicine. In

personal interviews, all respondents have given open minded replies to the questions. Free

discussions with respondents have enabled to locate the problem areas relating to amended

Patent act and research and development activities in Indian pharmaceutical company. For the

all three types of respondents’ namely pharmaceutical industry employees, legal practitioners

and doctors, separate questionnaires were prepared and circulated. Copies of the questionnaires

are enclosed at the end of this research work.

Before India signed WTO agreement, as per patent act 1970, product patent was not approved

for Agriculture, food and pharmaceutical companies only process patent was sanction. (1)

Consequently most of the Indian pharmaceutical companies were in generic medicines

manufacturing that is imitation. Even there was less research and development activities in drug

from multinational companies. Due to the amendment in patent act 2005, product patent is

approved. Indian pharmaceutical companies are facing changes in research and development

activity. Also there are changes in government policies to boost research and a development

activity in pharmaceutical industries. (2) Therefore the researcher found it necessary to give an

opportunity to companies and legal practitioners for giving useful suggestions for further

increase in research and development activities.

Secondary data collection is comparatively an easy task. It can be collected from libraries and

other places of information. In this research too, for preliminary studies and for making

background preparations, use of books, news papers articles, magazines and periodicals has been

made for studying the environment in and around the Indian pharmaceutical companies with

respect to intellectual property rights. During the pre and post amended period, especially 1990

onwards, a review of Indian pharmaceutical companies’ strategy is consider to know the

changes in Indian pharmaceutical companies with respect to changed Patent act.

1- Indian pharmaceutical company overview: Challenges and Opportunities, Daara B Patel, Product patents & drug price controls, 2nd

June 2011, Goa

2- Current Scenario of Pharmaceutical Industries in India by Gautam Arti and Kharia Anil

7.1 Data Analysis and Interpretation

The responses received from the pharmaceutical companies, legal advisor and doctors are

satisfactory. The target respondents comprised representatives of Research and

development department, legal department from pharmaceutical companies. The legal

advisor comprised of intellectual property law practitioners. And the doctors comprised of

doctors with different specialization, who are practicing since minimum 12 years who

have witnessed change in product quality of Indian pharmaceutical company after 2005.

Representation of pharmaceutical industry’s respondents’ data

PercentValid

PercentCumulative Percent

Valid

Junior level

8.0 8.0 8.0

Middle level

52.0 52.0 60.0

Top level

40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

All grades of pharmaceutical industries managers were included in the sample size, so as

to make the research comprehensive and avoid any lopsided conclusions.

Representation of legal practitioners respondents’ data (on the managerial level)

Frequency PercentValid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Junior level

1 20.0 20.0 20.0

Middle level

3 60.0 60.0 80.0

Top level

1 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 5 100.0 100.0

All grades of Intellectual property rights practitioners were included in the sample size, so as to make the research comprehensive and avoid any lopsided conclusions.

Pharmaceutical company’s questionnaires contain total 25 questions. Out of which 7

questions are about research and development activity scenario in Indian pharmaceutical

companies, 5 to 6 questions are about intellectual property right process and 8 to 10

questions are about patented product and generic products. Patent practitioner lawyers

questionnaires contain total 13 questions. Out of which 2 questions are about research and

development activity scenario in Indian pharmaceutical companies, 11 questions are about

intellectual property right process and 8 to 10 questions are about patented product and

generic products. Doctors questionnaires contain total 5 questions are about the changes

in the quality of Indian pharmaceutical company before and after Amended Patent act

2005. The responses analyzed and the inferences drawn about the effectiveness of the

intellectual property right amended act 2005. The impact of the Amended Patent act 2005

on Indian pharmaceutical company at individual level and at sector level studied. The

hypothesis formulated at the beginning of the research has tested.

After analyzing the available responses from the pharmaceutical company, lawyers and

doctors an important conclusion was drawn. Surveys enable to obtain data about current

practices, situations or views at a particular point of time through interviews. Quantitative

analytical techniques are then used to draw inferences from this data regarding existing

relationships.

7.2 Data Analysis and Interpretation for pharmaceutical companies and

Patent Experts (Lawyers)

The data analysis and interpretation for pharmaceutical companies and Patent

Experts (Lawyers) as follows,

1. Research and development activity in Indian pharmaceutical company have

increased since 2005 patent act.

Yes No For pharmaceutical companies

PercentValid


Yes 100.0 100.0 100.0

Valid No 0 0 100

100% of the total says that Research and development activity in Indian pharmaceutical

company have increased since 2005 patent act.

For IPR legal practitioners

Increase in R and D activity since 2005 patent act

Frequency PercentValid

PercentCumulative

PercentValid Yes 5 100.0 100.0 100.0

100% of the total says that Research and development activity in Indian pharmaceutical

company have increased since 2005 patent act.

After 2005 patent act Indian pharmaceutical companies are trying to move from imitation to

innovation by increasing Research and development activity.

Interpretation

The introduction of product patents has important implications for both Indian and Western

pharmaceutical companies. After 2005, Indian companies will increasingly need to look

100%

0%

Yes

No

100%

0%

Yes

No

beyond the domestic generics market to sustain their sales, since their traditional strategy of

copying on-patent drugs will no longer be allowed. They will consequently need to focus on

product innovation.

Most of the pharmaceutical companies showed the most impressive increase in their R&D

intensities over the period 1998-2008. The implication which comes out from this analysis is

that these firms have realized the need of R&D in post TRIPS period and as such they have

been increasing the percentage of R&D expenditure.

2. If yes, what percentage of R and D activity,

I. 0-5%

II. 5-10%

III. 10-20%

For pharmaceutical companies

IV. 20-30%

V. More than 30%

Percentage increase in R and D activities

PercentValid

PercentCumulative

Percent

Valid

0-5% 16.0 16.0 16.05-10% 44.0 44.0 60.0

10-20% 28.0 28.0 88.0More than

30%12.0 12.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

44 % of the total says that R and D activity has been increased 2005 patent act by 5-10%

in Indian pharmaceutical companies. 28% of the total says that R and D activity has been

16%

44%28%

12%

Percentage increase in R and D activitiesPercent

0-5%

5-10%

10-20%

More than 30%

increased by 10-20%. So the total 72% of total say R and D activity increased by 5 to

20%.


Percentage increase in R and D activities


PercentCumulative

PercentValid 10-20% 2 40.0 40.0 40.0

20-30% 2 40.0 40.0 80.0More than 30%

1 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 5 100.0 100.0

80 % of the total says that R and D activity has been increased 2005 patent act by 10-30% in Indian pharmaceutical companies.

Interpretation

Knowing that the cost of introducing a new drug into the market may cost a company

anywhere between $ 300 million to $800 million along with all the associated risks at the

developmental stage, no company will like to risk its intellectual property becoming a

public property without adequate returns.

3. Research and development activity plays major role in survival of pharmaceutical company.

Yes No


40%

40%

20%

Percentage increase in R and D activitiesPercent

10-20%

20-30%

More than 30%

R and D activity for survival of Pharma companies

PercentValid


ValidYes 96.0 96.0 96.0No 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

96 % of the total says that Research and development activity plays major role in

survival of pharmaceutical company.

Interpretation

India is making efforts to develop modern technology in the pharmaceutical industry.

The key task is to promote R&D that is on par with the technology in other advanced

countries. After 2005, the globally harmonized patent system would prohibit the

production and marketing of patent-protected new drugs. Indian officials want to ensure

that Indian people do not suffer in terms of high costs of medicines after 2005. Also

Increase R and D will help to survive and improve Economic status of Indian

pharmaceutical companies in global market.

4. Generally ……. % of total turnover share for research and development activity.

I. 0-2%

II. 2-4%

III. 4-6%

IV. 6-8%

V. 8-10%VI. More than 10%


96%

4%

R and D activity for survival of Pharma companies Percent

Yes

No

40 % of the total says that 4

the total says that 0-2 % is the total turnover share for R & D activity.

Interpretation

Unavailability of R & D is not a problem faced by pharmaceutical companies while

registering IPR. Pharmaceutical companies have their

budget.

Expenditure on R&D is likely to increase due to the introduction of product patents,

companies need to develop new drugs to boost sales.

The above results show that R&D activity of Pharmaceutical industry has improved

the Post-TRIPS period.

5. What are the different strategies you are using for research and development department?

I. Own department is working actively

II. Collaboration with other pharmaceuticalgovernment, NGO, WHO , Educational institutes

III. OutsourcingIV. Risk sharing partnership

40

Percentage of total turnover share for R and D activity

Percentage of total turnover

Percent

Valid

0-2 % 12.02-4% 32.04-6% 40.06-8% 16.0Total 100.0

40 % of the total says that 4-6 % is the total turnover share for R & D activity. 12 % of

2 % is the total turnover share for R & D activity.


registering IPR. Pharmaceutical companies have their share for R and D activity in the


companies need to develop new drugs to boost sales.

The above results show that R&D activity of Pharmaceutical industry has improved

What are the different strategies you are using for research and development department?

Own department is working actively Collaboration with other pharmaceutical company, government, NGO, WHO

tional institutes

Risk sharing partnership

V. Agreement with foreign companies.

VI. Hived off of R and D activity into different entities.

VII. merger of R and D unitsVIII. Attract investment

IX. Any other suggestion

12

3240

16

Percentage of total turnover share for R and D activity

0-2%

2-4%

4-6%

6-8%

Percentage of total turnover share for R and D activityValid


12.0 12.032.0 44.040.0 84.016.0 100.0

100.0

for R & D activity. 12 % of


for R and D activity in the


The above results show that R&D activity of Pharmaceutical industry has improved in

What are the different strategies you are using for research and development department?

Agreement with foreign companies.Hived off of R and D activity into different entities.merger of R and D unitsAttract investmentAny other suggestion


Strategies used for R & D- Own department working actively

PercentValid


ValidYes 60.0 60.0 60.0No 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D - Collaboration

PercentValid


ValidYes 48.0 48.0 48.0No 52.0 52.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D – Outsourcing

PercentValid


ValidYes 16.0 16.0 16.0No 84.0 84.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D - Risk sharing partnership

PercentValid


ValidYes 16.0 16.0 16.0No 84.0 84.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D - Agreement with foreign companies

PercentValid


ValidYes 24.0 24.0 24.0No 76.0 76.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D - Hived off R & D activity

Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent

ValidYes 32.0 32.0 32.0No 68.0 68.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D - Merger of R & D units

PercentValid


ValidYes 20.0 20.0 20.0No 80.0 80.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D - Attract investment

PercentValid


ValidYes 16.0 16.0 16.0No 84.0 84.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies used for R & D - Any other strategy

PercentValid


Valid No 100.0 100.0 100.0

60% of the total says that own departments are working actively.

60%

40%

Strategies used for R & D- Own department working actively Percent

Yes

No

52 % says that collaboration with the other companies for R&D it’s not a good idea.

84 % of the total says that outsourcing is not a good option for R&D.

84 % of the total says that risk sharing partnership is not a good option for R&D.

48%52%

Strategies used for R & D - Collabotation Percent

Yes

No

16%

84%

Strategies used for R & D - Outsourcing Percent

Yes

No

16%

84%

Strategies used for R & D - Risk sharing partnership Percent

Yes

No

24 % of the total says that agreement with foreign is a good option for R&D. and 76 % says that it is not beneficial for R and D.

68 % of the total says that hived off R and D activity is not a good option for R&D.

80 % of the total says that merger of R and D is not a good option for R&D.

24%

76%

Strategies used for R & D - Agreement with foreign Percent

Yes

No

32%

68%

Strategies used for R & D - Hived off R & D activity Percent

Yes

No

20%

80%

Strategies used for R & D - Merger of R & D units Percent

Yes

No

84 % of the total says that attracting investment is not a good option for R&D.

Interpretation

The current environment is challenging, but at the same time it throws up several new

opportunities for Indian pharmaceutical companies. What worked in the past may not

necessarily hold them in good balance in the future. Companies which take advantage of

the fundamental changes the industry is going through and re-jig their strategies

accordingly will be able to successfully navigate the future.

6. If outsourced, to whom I. Small scale

II. Medium scaleIII. Large scale


If outsourced to whom

PercentValid


Valid

Small scale 4.0 4.0 4.0

Medium scale

16.0 16.0 20.0

Large scale 8.0 8.0 28.0

Not applicable

72.0 72.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

16%

84%

Strategies used for R & D - Attract investment Percent

Yes

No

16% of the total says that if outsourcing option is used for R&D then it should be

outsourced to medium scale industries.

72% says think that outsourcing should not be done.

Interpretation

Pharmaceutical industry is constantly undergoing a change. In the past pharmaceuticals

had a different strategy, companies use to build all the products internally and confine

access to information or resources to third parties. The past situation is changing; in-

house resources are getting exhausted with a very thin product pipeline and in addition

many drugs are going off patent by 2008 hampering company sales and competitiveness.

It takes $800 million and 20 years for a new drug/device to enter the market. Patient

recruitment and medical personnel account for nearly 70 per cent of the clinical costs

that are required to bring a drug to market. Threat from generics, low productivity of

R&D process, higher costs for product approval and parallel imports are the major

market feature for decreasing pharmaceutical profits. Outsourced R&D expenditure is

increasing every year leading to rise in business prospects for Contract Research and

Manufacturing services (CRAMS).

It’s a great challenge to successfully manage the outsourcing relationship and generate

value. To maintain continuous growth in outsourced work from pharmaceutical

companies, outsourcing partners need to confidentially retain the proprietary knowledge

and meet the regulatory compliance. Outsourcing solves the problems for the pharma

companies and allows them to exploit the potential of new drug discovery technologies.

It’s not a farfetched dream when the pharmaceutical companies and outsource partners

work in symbiotic relationship where pharma companies provide their core competencies

4%16%

8%

72%

If outsoucred to whomPercent

Small scale

Medium scale

Large scale

Not applicable

in marketing and commercialization and outsource partners supply new innovative

products.

1. Indian intellectual property ri Yes No


IPR system useful to IPC

Percent

ValidYes 96.0No 4.0

Total 100.0

96 % of the total says that IPR system is useful to IPC.



FrequencyValid Yes 5

IPR Systen useful to IPC


IPR information

Indian intellectual property rights system is useful to Indian pharmaceutical company.



Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

96.0 96.04.0 100.0

100.0




PercentCumulative

Percent5 100.0 100.0 100.0

96%

4%

IPR Systen useful to IPC


ghts system is useful to Indian pharmaceutical company.

Yes

No


Interpretation

Indian pharmaceutical company has taken a quantum leap thanks to The Patents Act,

2005 (Amendment to The Patents Act, 1970). Indian companies had the freedom to copy

drugs manufactured by patent holding companies without paying any kind of royalty.

They were protected by the patent act to legally reverse-engineer internationally patented

drugs and sell it within India and also in those markets that did not conform to drug

patents.

2. IPR system has helped in growth of pharma companies. Yes No


IPR system helped in growth of Pharma companies

PercentValid


ValidYes 96.0 96.0 96.0No 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

100%

0%

Yes

No

96 % of the total says that IPR system helped in growth of pharma companies.


IPR system helped in growth of Pharma companies


PercentCumulative


100 % of the total says that IPR system helped in growth of pharma companies.

Interpretation

The number of patent applications filed in the Indian Patent Office has risen

approximately 420 per cent in 2006 from 1995.

Indian companies are also continuously increasing their investment in R&D and not

limiting themselves to only manufacturing drugs. They are spending around 5 to 10

percent of their turnover on R&D earlier these companies did not spend more than 1

percent on R&D.

96%

4%

IPR system helped in growth of Pharma companies Percent

Yes

No

100%

0%

Yes

No

3. Indian intellectual property right system is user friendly.

Yes No


Indian IPR system is user friendly

PercentValid


ValidYes 96.0 96.0 96.0No 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

96 % of the total says that IPR system is user friendly. Still there are some loopholes in it.


Indian IPR system is user friendly


PercentCumulative


No 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

96%

4%

Indian IPR system is user friendlyPercent

Yes

No

80 % of the total says that IPR system is user friendly. Still there are some loopholes in it.

4. Process of filling patent is user friendly.

Yes No


Process of filling patent user friendly

PercentValid


ValidYes 96.0 96.0 96.0No 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

96 % of the total says that process is fine.


Process of filling patent user friendly

Frequency Percent Valid Cumulative

80%

20%

Indian IPR system is user friendlyPercent

Yes

No

96%

4%

Procees of filling patent user friendlyPercent

Yes

No

Percent Percent

Valid Yes 3 60.0 60.0 60.0No 2 40.0 40.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

60 % of the total says that process is fine.

5. Period required to register to patent is more than required.Yes No


Period required to register is more than required

PercentValid


ValidYes 68.0 68.0 68.0No 32.0 32.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

60%

40%

Procees of filling patent user friendlyPercent

Yes

No

68%

32%

Period required to register is more than required Percent

Yes

No

68 % of the total says that period required to register is more than required.


Period required to register is more than required


PercentCumulative


No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

40 % of the total says that period required to register is more than required.

Interpretation

IPR system has helped in growth of pharma companies.

IPR system is useful due to its user friendliness,

The reduction in Period required to register patent will be of great use.

The lengthy time period between patent filing and placing a product on the market means

that pharmaceutical manufacturers receive far shorter periods of patent exclusivity than

is the case for other patent dependent industries.

6. Problems faced by pharmaceutical companies while registering IPR.

a. Documentation

b. Financial support for innovation

c. Technology

d. Unavailability of R and D center


40%

60%

Period required to register is more than required Percent

Yes

No

Problem faced while registration – documentation

PercentValid


ValidYes 60.0 60.0 60.0No 40.0 40.0 100.0

60 % of the total says that documentation is a problem while registering IPR.

60%40%

Problem faced while registration -documentation Percent

Yes

No

Total 100.0 100.0

Problem faced while registration - Financial support

PercentValid


ValidYes 52.0 52.0 52.0No 48.0 48.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Problem faced while registration – Technology

PercentValid


ValidYes 52.0 52.0 52.0No 48.0 48.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Problem faced while registration - Unavailability of R & D center

PercentValid


ValidYes 24.0 24.0 24.0No 76.0 76.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

52 % of the total says that financial support is a problem while registering IPR.

52 % of the total says that technology is a problem while registering IPR.

24 % of the total says that unavailability of R and D is a problem while registering IPR.


Problem faced while registration – documentation

52%48%

Problem faced while registration - Financial support Percent

Yes

No

52%48%

Problem faced while registration - Technology Percent

Yes

No

24%

76%

Problem faced while registration -Unavailability of R & D Percent

Yes

No


PercentCumulative

PercentValid No 1 20.0 20.0 20.0

Yes 4 80.0 80.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem faced while registration - Financial support

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative

PercentValid 1 20.0 20.0 20.0

Yes 3 60.0 60.0 80.0No 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem faced while registration - Technology


PercentValid 0 1 20.0 20.0 20.0

Yes 2 40.0 40.0 60.0No 2 40.0 40.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem faced while registration - Unavailability of R & D center



Yes 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

80 % of the total says that documentation is a problem while registering IPR.

20%

80%

Problem faced while registration -documentation Percent

0

Yes

60% of the total says that financial support is a problem while registering IPR.

60 % of the total says that technology is a problem while registering IPR.

24% of the total says that unavailability of R and D is a problem while registering IPR.

Interpretation

Documentation, Financial Support & Technology these are the major problem areas

faced by pharmaceutical companies while registering IPR.

40%

60%

Problem faced while registration - Financial support Percent

No

Yes

40%

60%

Problem faced while registration - Technology Percent

No

Yes

24%

76%

Problem faced while registration - Unavailability of R & D Percent

Yes

No

Despite the increasing expenditure on R&D, the introduction of new molecules by Indian

players has been limited. It is, in fact, a hit-and-miss situation in the field of discovery

and developments of new chemical entity (NCEs), where misses are more than hits. Very

few discoveries reach the final stages of approvals, and in most of the cases, the claim

for patent gets stuck in legal battles.

Indian pharma companies need to accelerate the transition from reverse engineering of

generic drugs to development of new molecules. The Indian industry needs to develop

and improve capabilities in new drugs and delivery mechanisms. Several companies are

developing their capability in NCEs but the inflexion point for the domestic industry will

be the launch of its own patented drugs. Domestic companies should continue their focus

on innovation to develop New Chemical Entities/New Molecular Entities (NCEs/NMEs)

which will offer sustainable revenues going forward. Increasing collaboration with

global pharma companies’ help in sharing costs and risks, while ensuring better results.

7. Rank the following problem in ascending order in inventing patented molecule drug

I. Research and Development facility

II. More time require for innovation

III. Huge capital investmentIV. Lack of Human resource

V. Insufficient venture capital funding

VI. Paucity of trained personVII. different private equity

marketVIII. Early stage funding.

IX. Any other


Problem in inventing patented molecule - Research and development facility

PercentValid


Valid

Rank 1 48.0 48.0 48.0Rank 2 16.0 16.0 64.0Rank 3 12.0 12.0 76.0Rank 5 4.0 4.0 80.0Rank 6 4.0 4.0 84.0Rank 7 4.0 4.0 88.0Rank 8 4.0 4.0 92.0Rank 9 8.0 8.0 100.0Total 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Time require for innovation

PercentValid


Valid

Rank 1 16.0 16.0 16.0Rank 2 48.0 48.0 64.0Rank 3 12.0 12.0 76.0Rank 4 8.0 8.0 84.0Rank 5 4.0 4.0 88.0Rank 7 8.0 8.0 96.0Rank 8 4.0 4.0 100.0Total 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Huge capital investment

PercentValid


Valid

Rank 1 8.0 8.0 8.0Rank 2 4.0 4.0 12.0Rank 3 48.0 48.0 60.0Rank 4 12.0 12.0 72.0Rank 5 12.0 12.0 84.0Rank 6 4.0 4.0 88.0Rank 8 12.0 12.0 100.0Total 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Lack of human resource

PercentValid


Valid

Rank 2 4.0 4.0 4.0Rank 3 8.0 8.0 12.0Rank 4 44.0 44.0 56.0Rank 5 16.0 16.0 72.0Rank 6 20.0 20.0 92.0Rank 9 8.0 8.0 100.0Total 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Insufficient venture capital funding

PercentValid


Valid

Rank 1 8.0 8.0 8.0Rank 2 16.0 16.0 24.0Rank 3 8.0 8.0 32.0Rank 4 12.0 12.0 44.0Rank 5 40.0 40.0 84.0Rank 7 4.0 4.0 88.0

Rank 8 8.0 8.0 96.0Rank 9 4.0 4.0 100.0Total 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Paucity of trained person

PercentValid


Valid


Problem in inventing patented molecule - Different private equity market

PercentValid


Valid


Problem in inventing patented molecule - Unavailability of early stage funding

PercentValid


Valid

Rank 1 8.0 8.0 8.0Rank 2 4.0 4.0 12.0Rank 3 4.0 4.0 16.0Rank 5 4.0 4.0 20.0Rank 6 24.0 24.0 44.0Rank 7 16.0 16.0 60.0Rank 8 32.0 32.0 92.0Rank 9 8.0 8.0 100.0Total 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Any other

PercentValid


ValidRank 3 8.0 8.0 8.0Rank 4 8.0 8.0 16.0

Rank 7 12.0 12.0 28.0Rank 8 12.0 12.0 40.0Rank 9 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 100.0 100.0

48%

16%

12%

4%4%

4% 4% 8%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Research and Development Percent

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 5

Rank 6

16%

48%12%

8%

4%8% 4%

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Time require for innovation Percent

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 4

Rank 5

8%4%

48%12%

12%

4%12%

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Huge capital investment Percent

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 4

Rank 5

4%8%

44%16%

20%

8%

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Lack of human reosurce Percent

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 4

Rank 5

Rank 6

8%

16%

8%

12%40%

4%8%

4%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Insufficient venture capital funding Percent

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 4

Rank 5

8%4%

8%

48%

20%

12%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Paucity of trained person Percent

Rank 2

Rank 4

Rank 5

Rank 6

Rank 7


Problem in inventing patented molecule - Research and development facility

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid Rank 2 1 20.0 20.0 20.0Rank 3 1 20.0 20.0 40.0Rank 4 1 20.0 20.0 60.0Rank 7 1 20.0 20.0 80.0

12%

12%12%

36%

16%

12%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Different private equity market Percent

Rank 1

Rank 4

Rank 5

Rank 7

Rank 8

8%

4%4%

4%

24%

16%

32%

8%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Unavailability of early stage funding Percent

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 5

Rank 6

8%8%

12%

12%60%

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Any other Percent

Rank 3

Rank 4

Rank 7

Rank 8

Rank 9

Rank 8 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Time require for innovation

Frequency Percent


Valid Rank 1 2 40.0 40.0 40.0Rank 6 2 40.0 40.0 80.0Rank 7 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Huge capital investment

Frequency Percent


Valid Rank 1 1 20.0 20.0 20.0Rank 2 1 20.0 20.0 40.0Rank 3 1 20.0 20.0 60.0Rank 5 1 20.0 20.0 80.0Rank 7 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Lack of human resource

Frequency Percent


Valid Rank 2 1 20.0 20.0 20.0Rank 3 1 20.0 20.0 40.0Rank 4 1 20.0 20.0 60.0Rank 6 1 20.0 20.0 80.0Rank 7 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Insufficient venture capital funding


Percent Cumulative PercentValid Rank 1 1 20.0 20.0 20.0

Rank 2 1 20.0 20.0 40.0Rank 3 1 20.0 20.0 60.0Rank 5 1 20.0 20.0 80.0Rank 8 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Paucity of trained person



Rank 4 2 40.0 40.0 60.0Rank 5 1 20.0 20.0 80.0Rank 6 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Different private equity market



Rank 7 2 40.0 40.0 60.0Rank 8 2 40.0 40.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Unavailability of early stage funding



Rank 4 1 20.0 20.0 40.0Rank 5 2 40.0 40.0 80.0Rank 8 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Any otherFrequenc

y PercentValid


20%

20%

20%

20%

20%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Research and development facility Percent

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 4

Rank 7

Rank 8

40%

40%

20%

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Time require for innovation Percent

Rank 1

Rank 6

Rank 7

20%

20%

20%

20%

20%

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Huge capital investment Percent

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 5

Rank 7

40%

40%

20%

Problem in inventing patented molecule - Lack of human resource Percent

Rank 1

Rank 6

Rank 7

20%

20%

20%

20%

20%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Insufficient venture capital funding Percent

Rank 1

Rank 2

Rank 3

Rank 5

Rank 8

Interpretation

Research and Development facility, more time require for innovation,

Huge capital investment is the top 3 Problem in inventing patented molecule.

The original Indian patent law, which recognized only process patent, gave Indian

companies the opportunity to produce products under patent in overseas markets,

particularly regulated markets, by adopting new processes. But companies are facing

problems in it. Consequently, companies were in advantageous position to produce drugs

20%

40%20%

20%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Paucity of trained person Percent

Rank 3

Rank 4

Rank 5

Rank 6

20%

40%

40%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Different private equity market Percent

Rank 6

Rank 7

Rank 8

20%

20%40%

20%

Problem in inventing patented molecule -Unavailability of early stage Percent

Rank 1

Rank 4

Rank 5

Rank 8

through reverse engineering at relatively very low cost that helped the domestic industry

to grow faster during the initial stages of development.

The introduction of product patent has led the domestic industry towards exploring new

avenues of drug development, which would require higher capital investment in R&D,

and greater thrust towards innovation.

8. Generic products are more useful for

a. To increase market shareb. Profitabilityc. Wide market coveraged. Lower manufacturing & capital cost

e. Smart gainf. Striking a balanceg. Lowering and leveling price of medicineh. Any other


Generic products useful for - To increase market share

PercentValid


ValidYes 56.0 56.0 56.0No 44.0 44.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Generic products useful for – Profitability

PercentValid


ValidYes 60.0 60.0 60.0No 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Generic products useful for - Wide market coverage

PercentValid


ValidYes 48.0 48.0 48.0No 52.0 52.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Generic products useful for - lower manufacturing and capital cost

Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent

ValidYes 52.0 52.0 52.0No 48.0 48.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Generic products useful for - Smart gain

PercentValid


ValidYes 20.0 20.0 20.0No 80.0 80.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Generic products useful for - Striking a balance

PercentValid


ValidYes 32.0 32.0 32.0No 68.0 68.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Generic products useful for - Lowering & leveling price of medicine

PercentValid


ValidYes 28.0 28.0 28.0No 72.0 72.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Generic products useful for - Any other

PercentValid


ValidYes 4.0 4.0 4.0No 96.0 96.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

56% of the total says that generic products are useful to increase market share.

60% of the total says that generic products are useful for profitability.

48% of the total says that generic products are useful for wide market coverage.

56%44%

Generic producsts useful for - To increase market share Percent

Yes

No

60%

40%

Generic producsts useful for - Profitability Percent

Yes

No

48%52%

Generic producsts useful for - Wide market coverage Percent

Yes

No

52% of the total says that generic products are useful for manufacturing and capital cost

Only 20% of the total says that generic products are useful for smart gain

32% of the total says that generic products are useful for striking a balance

52%48%

Generic producsts useful for - lower manufacturing and capital cost Percent

Yes

No

20%

80%

Generic producsts useful for - Smart gain Percent

Yes

No

32%

68%

Generic producsts useful for - Striking a balance Percent

Yes

No

Only 28% of the total says that generic products are useful for lowering and leveling price of medicine

Only 4% of the total says that generic products are useful for any other option.

Interpretation

Generic products are used mostly To increase market share To enhance Profitability To widen market coverage

Due to its cost advantage, India has emerged as a major producer of generic drugs with

several companies focusing on this sector.

With an expected market size of USD35 billion in 2015 vis-à-vis USD15 billion

currently, there is immense potential for growth in India’s generic market.

Due to their competence in generic drugs, growth in this market offers a great

opportunity for the Indian firms. Complex synthesis capabilities, increasingly good

manufacturing practices (GMP) and low-cost production, as detailed below, are core

28%

72%

Generic producsts useful for - Lowering & levelling price of medicine Percent

Yes

No

4%

96%

Generic producsts useful for - Any other Percent

Yes

No

competencies that have led Indian pharmaceutical companies to heightened global

visibility within the specialty generics and even branded pharmaceutical businesses.

Generic drugs have always been a big challenge for the established big Pharma

companies. Big Pharma companies spend many years and millions of dollars

(approximately $802 million estimated by the Congressional Budget Office, CBO) from

discovery to product launch. These companies are able to take advantage of their hard

work and investments while their patents are in effect, but as soon as these patents

expire, the generic drug makers are able to undercut the big Pharma profit margin within

6 months by producing lower cost, and in most cases very effective alternatives.

9. Patents helps in

a. Direct marketingb. Earning through loyaltyc. Licensingd. First mover advantagese. For long term presence

f. Monopoly marketg. To grow profitabilityh. Inducement for capital investmenti. Any other


Patents help in - Direct marketing

PercentValid


ValidYes 16.0 16.0 16.0No 84.0 84.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in - Earning through loyalty

PercentValid


ValidYes 60.0 60.0 60.0No 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in – Licensing

PercentValid


ValidYes 60.0 60.0 60.0No 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in - First mover advantages

PercentValid


ValidYes 52.0 52.0 52.0No 48.0 48.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in - For long term presence

PercentValid


ValidYes 28.0 28.0 28.0No 72.0 72.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in - Monopoly market

PercentValid


ValidYes 20.0 20.0 20.0No 80.0 80.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in - To grow profitability

PercentValid


ValidYes 60.0 60.0 60.0No 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in - Inducement for capital investment

PercentValid


ValidYes 36.0 36.0 36.0No 64.0 64.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patents help in - Any other

PercentValid


Valid No 100.0 100.0 100.0

Only 16% of the total says that patents helps in direct marketing.

60% of the total says that patents helps in earning through loyalty percent.

60% of the total says that patents helps in licensing.

16%

84%

Patents help in - Direct marketingPercent

Yes

No

60%

40%

Patents help in - Earnong through loyalty Percent

Yes

No

60%

40%

Patents help in - LicensingPercent

Yes

No

Only 52% of the total says that patents helps as a first mover advantage.

Only 28% of the total says that patents helps for long term presence.

Only 20% of the total says that patents helps in monopoly market.

52%48%

Patents help in - First mover advantages Percent

Yes

No

28%

72%

Patents help in - For long term presence Percent

Yes

No

20%

80%

Patents help in - Monopoly marketPercent

Yes

No

60% of the total says that patent helps to grow profitability.

36% of the total says that patents helps in inducement for capital investment.

Interpretation

Patents help pharma companies to earn through loyalty, Licensing and which result to grow

profitability.

Following the introduction of product patents, several multinational companies are expected

to launch patented drugs in India.

Growth in the number of lifestyle related diseases in India could boost the sale of drugs in

this segment.

10. Patented drugs are more useful to company for

a. Brand Building b. Goodwill Generation

c. Market Penetrationd. Profitability

60%

40%

Patents help in - To grow profitabilityPercent

Yes

No

36%

64%

Patents help in - Inducement for capital investment Percent

Yes

No

e. Maximize global profitf. Royaltiesg. Justify Indian pricesh. Tax advantage

i. Sale by considering Indian population(Mass selling).

j. Any Other

For Pharmaceutical industry-

Patented drugs useful to company for - Brand building

PercentValid


ValidYes 36.0 36.0 36.0No 64.0 64.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Goodwill generation

PercentValid


ValidYes 32.0 32.0 32.0No 68.0 68.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Market penetration

PercentValid


ValidYes 68.0 68.0 68.0No 32.0 32.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for – Profitability

PercentValid


ValidYes 84.0 84.0 84.0No 16.0 16.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Maximize global profit

PercentValid


ValidYes 48.0 48.0 48.0No 52.0 52.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for – Royalties

PercentValid


ValidYes 28.0 28.0 28.0No 72.0 72.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Justify Indian prices

PercentValid


ValidYes 20.0 20.0 20.0No 80.0 80.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Tax advantage

PercentValid


ValidYes 16.0 16.0 16.0No 84.0 84.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

36% of the total says that patent drugs are useful to a company for brand building.

36%

64%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Brand building Percent

Yes

No

32% of the total says that patent drugs are useful to a company for goodwill generation.

68% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for market penetration.

84% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for profitability.

32%

68%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Goodwill generation Percent

Yes

No

68%

32%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Market penetration Percent

Yes

No

84%

16%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Profitability Percent

Yes

No

48% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for maximizing global profit.

28% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for royalties.

Only 20% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for justifying Indian prices.

48%52%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Maximise global profit Percent

Yes

No

28%

72%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Royalties Percent

Yes

No

20%

80%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Justify Indian prices Percent

Yes

No

Only 16% of the total says that patented drugs give the tax advantage.

Only 20% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for sale by considering Indian population.

Only 4% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for any other reason.


Patented drugs useful to company for - Brand building

16%

84%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Tax advantage Percent

Yes

No

20%

80%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Sale by considerimg Indian population Percent

Yes

No

4%

96%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Any other Percent

1

2



No 2 40.0 40.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Goodwill generation



No 2 40.0 40.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Market penetration



No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for – Profitability



No 2 40.0 40.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Maximize global profit



No 4 80.0 80.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for – Royalties



No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Justify Indian prices



Patented drugs useful to company for - Tax advantage



No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Patented drugs useful to company for - Sale by considering Indian population



No 4 80.0 80.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

60% of the total says that patent drugs are useful to a company for brand building.

60%

40%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Brand building Percent

Yes

No

60% of the total says that patent drugs are useful to a company for goodwill generation.

40% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for market penetration.

60% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for profitability.

60%

40%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Goodwill generation Percent

Yes

No

40%

60%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Market penetration Percent

Yes

No

60%

40%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Profitability Percent

Yes

No

20% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for maximizing global profit.

40% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for royalties.

40% of the total says that patented drugs give the tax advantage.

20%

80%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Maximise global profit Percent

Yes

No

40%

60%

Patented drugs useful to company for -Royalties Percent

Yes

No

40%

60%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Tax advantage Percent

Yes

No

20% of the total says that patented drugs are useful to a company for sale by considering Indian population.

Interpretation

Patented drugs are useful to company for Market Penetration.

To increase Profitability and maximize global profit which in turn will improve

economic status of IPC.

The development of the pharmaceutical industry would help the Indian economy produce

more national wealth. Foreign investment would increase, and Indian companies would

have the opportunity to collaborate with many companies from around the world.

Indirectly, developing the pharmaceutical industry would also help other industries.

11. Due to IPR act 2005 price of medicines is increasing to common man by

I. 0-25%II. 25-50%

III. 50-75%

IV. 75-100%V. Above 100%

60 % of the total says that due to IPR act 2005 prices increases between 25-30%.

20%

80%

Patented drugs useful to company for - Sale by considerimg Indian population Percent

Yes

No

16%

60%

20%

4%

Due to IPR act 2005 % increase in price Percent

0-25%

25-50%

50-75%

Interpretation

The producer's cost includes R&D costs, production costs, marketing costs and profits.

The research-based pharmaceutical industry is distinguished from others by relatively

high R&D costs, marketing costs and profit margins. Risks are high even though patents

support high margins for new, innovative drugs because only a small proportion of

chemical entities tested reach the market and of these only a few are best sellers.

Consequently, R&D expenditures have to be recovered from the relatively few

commercially successful products. Moreover, it is sometimes claimed that a combination

of lengthy regulatory approval periods, high up-front R&D costs, high marketing costs

and high risk limit entry into the research-based industry and thus help explain the

relatively high profit margins observed. The pricing of patented pharmaceuticals has

attracted a great deal of attention recently.

12. Patent has adverse effect on availability for common man.

a. Highb. Moderatec. Low.


60 % of the total says that there is moderate percentage of patent’s adverse effect on availability for common man.

Interpretation

The problem of availability of the patented drug also becomes more acute when local

producers cannot imitate and produce the product due to the existence of Patent Act.

13. Suggest ways or strategies to make patented drug affordable to common man

Government subsidy

NGO support

Tax exemption

Any other

CSR activity of the company


Strategies to make patented drugs affordable - Government subsidy

PercentValid


ValidYes 84.0 84.0 84.0No 16.0 16.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies to make patented drugs affordable - NGO support

PercentValid


ValidYes 52.0 52.0 52.0No 48.0 48.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

12%

60%

28%

Patent's adverse effect on availability for common man Percent

High

Moderate

Low

Strategies to make patented drugs affordable - CSR activity of the company

PercentValid


ValidYes 40.0 40.0 40.0No 60.0 60.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies to make patented drugs affordable - Tax exemption

PercentValid


ValidYes 12.0 12.0 12.0No 88.0 88.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

Strategies to make patented drugs affordable - Any other

PercentValid


Valid No 100.0 100.0 100.0

84 % of the total thinks that government subsidy is a way or strategy to make patented

drug affordable to common man.

84%

16%

Startegies to make patented drugs affordable -Governmnet subsidy Percent

Yes

No

52 % of the total thinks that NGO support is a way or strategy to make patented drug affordable to common man.

40 % of the total thinks that CSR activity of the company is a way or strategy to make patented drug affordable to common man.

Only 12 % of the total thinks that tax exemption is a way or strategy to make patented drug affordable to common man.


52%48%

Startegies to make patented drugs affordable -NGO support Percent

Yes

No

40%60%

Startegies to make patented drugs affordable -CSR activity of the company Percent

Yes

No

12%

88%

Startegies to make patented drugs affordable -Tax exemption Percent

Yes

No



PercentCumulative


No 4 80.0 80.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0



PercentCumulative


No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

Strategies to make patented drugs affordable - CSR activity of the company


PercentCumulative


No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0



PercentCumulative


No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

20 % of the total thinks that government subsidy is a way or strategy to make patented

drug affordable to common man.

20%

80%


Yes

No

60 % of the total thinks that NGO support is a way or strategy to make patented drug affordable to common man.

40 % of the total thinks that CSR activity of the company is a way or strategy to make patented drug affordable to common man.

40%

60%


Yes

No

40%

60%

Strategies to make patented drugs affordable - CSR activity of the

company

Yes

No

Only 40 % of the total thinks that tax exemption is a way or strategy to make patented drug affordable to common man.

Interpretation

The government of India is also providing incentives to encourage investment in

pharmaceutical sector and helping domestic players. Under the automatic route in the

drugs and pharmaceuticals sector including the companies using recombinant technology

the government has permitted 100 percent foreign direct investment (FDI). According to

a report, the Indian government plans to set-up a US$639.56 million venture capital (VC)

fund. This fund is expected to encourage discovery of new drugs and also help

strengthen the pharma infrastructure.

14. Reduction in patented life of product will result in the economic treatment of the poor population, do you agree?

Yes No


Reduction of patented life of product result in economic treatment

PercentValid


ValidYes 84.0 84.0 84.0No 16.0 16.0 100.0

Total 100.0 100.0

40%

60%


Yes

No

84 % of the total says that reduction of patented life of product result in economic treatment.


Reduction of patented life of product result in economic treatment


PercentCumulative


No 3 60.0 60.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

60 % of the total says that reduction of patented life of product result in economic treatment.

15. Suggest expected patent life of the productI. 0-5 yrs

84%

16%

Reduction of patented life of product result in economic treatment Percent

Yes

No

100%

0%

Reduction of patented life of product result in economic treatment Percent

Total

II. 5-10yrsIII. 10-15yrsIV. 15-19yrs


48 % of the total suggested expected life of the product is 5-10 years.


Suggested patent life of the productFrequenc

y PercentValid

PercentCumulative

PercentValid 5-10 yrs 2 40.0 40.0 40.0

10-15yrs 2 40.0 40.0 80.015-19 yrs 1 20.0 20.0 100.0Total 5 100.0 100.0

80 % of the total suggested expected life of the product is 5-15 years.

Interpretation

20%

48%

32%

Suggested patent life of the product Percent

0-5 yrs

5-10 yrs

10-15yrs

17%

83%

0%

Suggested patent life of the productPercent

15-19 yrs

Total

Patents provide the patent owner with the legal means to prevent others from making,

using or selling, importing or offering for sale the new, patented drug for a limited period

of time. The TRIPS-compatible 20-year term of a patent runs from the time of filing of

the application. In the case of pharmaceutical products, which are subjected to lengthy

procedures that verify safety and efficacy, the effective patent life may only be an

average of 11 or 12 years. In the pharmaceutical sector it is patents that are especially

crucial in appropriating the returns to R&D. This is because once the originator,

breakthrough drug is produced through lengthy and relatively expensive R&D processes,

the time, capital and effort involved in copying it is often minimal.

7.3 Data analysis and Interpretation for doctors

1) Do you use imported medicines?

Yes No

Use of imported medicines

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent


Yes No

Use of inported medicines

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Percent

Use of inported medicines

Interpretation

40% of the total says that they are using imported medicine & 60% says that they are

not using imported medicine

2) Since how many years………………

From many years using imported medicines

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid 0 Years 19 63.3 63.3 63.31 to 5 years 2 6.7 6.7 70.05 to 10 years

2 6.7 6.7 76.7

more than 10 years

7 23.3 23.3 100.0

Total 30 100.0 100.0

Interpretation Around 63 % of the total says that they are rarely using imported medicine & around 23

% says that they are using imported medicine from more than 10 years

0 Yeras 1 to 5 years 5 to 10 years more than 10 years


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Per

ce

nt


3) Due to globalization, few of the medicines are now available in Indian market. Do you

prefer these medicines?

Yes No

Prefer Indian medicines

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent


Interpretation 57 % of the total says that they prefer imported medicines

4) Reasons behind using Indian Medicines,

1. Quality2. Availability3. Affordability

Reasons behind using Indian medicines

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Quality 18 60.0 60.0 60.0Availability

6 20.0 20.0 80.0

Yes No


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Percent


Affortability

6 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 30 100.0 100.0

Interpretation

Quality is the major factor which is affecting the use of Indian medicines which is 60 % of the total population

Availability and affordability carries 20 % each.

5) Do you prefer imported medicines over locally available parallel brands only for quality reason?

Yes No

Use of imported medicines over locally available medicines

Frequency Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent


Yes No


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Perc

ent


Interpretation

It can be seen that use of imported medicines over locally available medicines of the

parallel brands for the quality factor is nearly giving mixed result that 43 % of total says

that quality is a factor for using those medicines and rest says quality is not an issue.

Yes No

Use of imported medicines over locally available medicnes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Pe

rce

nt

Use of imported medicines over locally available medicnes

data analysis and interpretation -...

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