data a collection of facts, such as values or measurements
TRANSCRIPT
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Data
a collection of facts, such as values or measurements
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Data
QUANTITATIVECan be collected using numbers QUALITATIVE
about preferences
Discrete data can only take certain values
Continuous data can take any value
Primary dataYou collect yourself
Secondary data:Someone else has collected
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You collect data by doing a Survey
you collect data for every member of the group (the whole "population").
you collect data just for selected members of the group.
A census is accurate, but hard to do. A sample is not as accurate, but may be good enough, and is a lot easier.
SAMPLE CENSUS
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Be careful! Don’t bias your survey.
If you measure something several times and all values are close, they may all be wrong if there is a "Bias“
Bias is a systematic (built-in) error which makes all measurements wrong by a certain amount.
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Here are five steps to a successful survey:Step one: create the questionsStep two: ask the questionsStep three: display the dataStep four: analyse the dataStep five: present the results
Analyse :study in detail
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Display the data
Show the pattern and shape of the data
Give a clear understanding of the data more quickly
Explain and analyse your results
Display: organise the data collected into tables and graphs so that the patterns can be seen and analysed
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HOW TO SHOWS DATA Bar Graph Pie Chart
Pictograms Histograms
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Bar Charts
• A Bar Chart (also called Bar Graph) is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights.
• For a bar chart you need:• An easy scale for the axes, which you should
label on the axes• A title describing why you have drawn the bar
chart
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Pie Chart
• A special chart that uses "pie slices" to show relative sizes of data.
• It is the best way to show fractions or percentages for a set of data
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How to Make a Pie Chart Yourself• First add up all your values to get a total• Next, divide each value by the total • Now you need to figure out how many
degrees for each "pie slice" • A Full Circle has 360 degrees, so we do this
calculation: value/total x 360• (You can also multiply (value/total) by 100 to
get a percent
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Now you are ready to start drawing!
Draw a circle.Then use your protractor to measure the
degrees of each sector.
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Why do you think it is called a pie chart?
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Pictograms
• A Pictogram is a way of showing data using images or symbols.
• Each image stands for a certain number of things.• You need:• Simple symbols that are easy to draw• A key showing what each symbol stands for• A title describing why you have draw the
pictograms
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Histograms
• A Histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of different heights.
• It is similar to a Bar Chart, but a histogram groups numbers into ranges
• And you decide what ranges to use!
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A histogram is different from a bar chart as the bars are joined toghether and have no gaps
A histograms is used for continuous data and for grouped continuous data
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Line graph
• Line Graph - A graph that shows information that is connected in some way (such as change over time)