darwin’s voyage of discovery - mr. dones'...
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Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
Evolution - process by which modern
organisms descended from ____________ ancestors
Although a theory, evolution is well-
supported and well-tested.
- the gradual
changes in
organisms over long
periods of time
Charles Darwin
creator of the theory of evolution
(1809 – 1882)
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
- 1831 – Charles Darwin’s 5-year voyage on
the H.M.S. Beagle as a naturalist at age 22
Many of Darwin's ideas on the Theory of
Evolution were formed during his 5 year
trip around the world.
H.M.S. Beagle
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
England EUROPE
NORTH
AMERICA
Galápagos
Islands
Darwin in 1840,
after his return
SOUTH
AMERICA
Cape of
Good Hope
Cape Horn
Tierra del Fuego
AFRICA HMS Beagle in port
AUSTRALIA
Tasmania
New
Zealand
PACIFIC
OCEAN A
ndes
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
The Beagle sailed from England in 1831, went around
South America, below Australia, below Africa, and back
to England.
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
Darwin’s Observations from South America
He made numerous observations, collected many
specimens and fossils
For example, Darwin collected 68 different species
of beetles when the ship stopped at Brazil – he was
amazed at the diversity of life.
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
Darwin realized an enormous number of
__________ either live or lived on Earth
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
species
Plants and animals seemed well suited to
different environments
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
Same species did not always occupy same
habitats in different lands
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
For example: the European rabbit occupies
grasslands around Europe, but rabbits were
not in the Australian grasslands until they
were introduced as an invasive species
Darwin later wrote that similar species are found in
the same ecosystems in different parts of the world.
extinct marsupial wolf wolf of North America
Some fossils looked similar to living species;
others were totally different
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
Drawings made
by Darwin
The Galapagos Islands - off west coast of
______ _________ South America
The Galapagos Islands
The Galapagos Islands Importance of the trip to the islands:
Islands were close together, but
climates varied
Species on different islands, although similar,
had distinct differences
The Galapagos Islands Importance of the trip to the islands:
Darwin explained the difference between Hood Island
and Isabela Island shell shapes in this manner:
Hood Island Tortoise Isabela Island Tortoise
Isabela Island had dome-shaped shells and short
necks for the abundance of vegetation close to the
ground.
Hood Island had short, curved shells to allow their
long necks to reach the high, sparse vegetation;
The Galapagos Islands
The Galapagos Islands
Importance of the trip to the islands:
Collected many specimens of different
__________ he could not identify birds
Darwin’s Finches
Each species of finch
had a beak designed to
eat food in its niche on
its island.
Darwin originally thought these were different
types of birds – back in England, an ornithologist
friend told him they were different species of
finches.
The Galapagos Islands
Darwin wondered if animals on different
islands had once belonged to the __________
species on mainland South America.
The Journey Home
same