daniel w.h. su, sr. geomechanical engineer greg j. hasenfus, sr. geomechanical engineer luke stull,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Impact of a Massive Sandstone Channel on a 1500-Foot (457-Meter) Wide Longwall
Face – Mitigation and EvaluationDaniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer
Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineerLuke Stull, geologist
Jun Lu, geomechanical engineerMark Van Dyke, geologist
Stephen Morgan, geologistPaul Kelley, mine engineerDon Teter, project engineer
![Page 2: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
Introduction
Objective
Geology/Geologic Reconnaissance
Hydro Frac Hole Locations and Frac Process
Flac3D Models
Longwall Visual Analysis (LVA) Monitoring
Face Monitoring and Evaluation
Conclusions
![Page 3: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 4: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
Sandstone Intrusion Encountered During Development
![Page 5: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction
Sandstone Intrusion Encountered During Development
Base of Sandstone
Channel
![Page 6: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction
F20 Longwall Panel Problems
Delayed caving behind shield supports
Massive sandstone pot-outs in front of shields
Increased risk to personnelDelayed Production
Longwall production footage per week
344
24106
306
371
338
230
![Page 7: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing program and the validity of Longwall Visual Analysis (LVA) software to mitigate the impact of a 1, 000-foot (305-meter) wide massive sandstone channel on a 1,500-ft-wide (457-meter-wide) longwall face.
![Page 8: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Geologic Reconnaissance
In-Mine Core Drilling
Stratascope Observations
In-Mine Mapping
Primary Stress Orientation
Rock Lab Testing
Average Axial Compressive Strength 8283 psi
![Page 9: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Geologic Reconnaissance
Trough of Sandstone Channel at Wall # 29
Base of Sandstone
INBY OUTBYWALL #33
WALL #27
Drawslate
Pittsburgh Seam
5 F
ee
t
Vertical Scale
![Page 10: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Frac Hole Locations and Frac Stage Horizons
![Page 11: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Frac Process
Perforations were shot into the casing at the targeted horizons to pre-fracture the sandstone. The estimated shot penetration into the borehole surface was about 26 to 30 inches (0.66 to 0.76 meter).
![Page 12: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Frac Process
Water fracing was employed
![Page 13: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Frac Process
Fracing resultInitial break
Shut-in
![Page 14: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Outline
Introduction
Objective
Geology/Geologic Reconnaissance
Hydro Frac Hole Locations and Frac Process
Flac3D Models
Longwall Visual Analysis (LVA) Monitoring
Face Monitoring and Evaluation
Conclusions
![Page 15: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FL AC3D 3.10
Itasca Consulting G roup, Inc.M inneapolis , M N USA
©2006 Itasca Consulting G roup, Inc .
Step 11503 M odel Perspective16:38:18 Thu Jul 26 2012
Center: X: 2.000e+000 Y: 3.860e+002 Z: 1.400e+001
Rotation: X: 0.000 Y: 0.000 Z: 90.000
Dis t: 1.361e+003 M ag.: 18.2Ang.: 22.500
Job T itle : F-21 Sandstone Frac-After
View T itle :
Z o n e E x tra 1 M agfac = 1.000e+000 Live m ech zones shown G radient Calculation
1.9448e+002 to 5.0000e+002 5.0000e+002 to 1.0000e+003 1.0000e+003 to 1.5000e+003 1.5000e+003 to 2.0000e+003 2.0000e+003 to 2.5000e+003 2.5000e+003 to 3.0000e+003 3.0000e+003 to 3.5000e+003 3.5000e+003 to 4.0000e+003 4.0000e+003 to 4.3785e+003
Interval = 5.0e+002
FL AC3D 3.10
Itasca Consulting G roup, Inc.M inneapolis , M N USA
©2006 Itasca Consulting G roup, Inc .
Step 15221 M odel Perspective16:37:57 Thu Jul 26 2012
Center: X: 2.000e+000 Y: 2.138e+002 Z: 1.400e+001
Rotation: X: 0.000 Y: 0.000 Z: 90.000
Dis t: 1.361e+003 M ag.: 18.2Ang.: 22.500
Job T itle : F-21 Sandstone Frac-Before
View T itle :
Z o n e E x tra 1 M agfac = 1.000e+000 Live m ech zones shown G radient Calculation
1.4037e+002 to 5.0000e+002 5.0000e+002 to 1.0000e+003 1.0000e+003 to 1.5000e+003 1.5000e+003 to 2.0000e+003 2.0000e+003 to 2.5000e+003 2.5000e+003 to 3.0000e+003 3.0000e+003 to 3.5000e+003 3.5000e+003 to 4.0000e+003 4.0000e+003 to 4.3785e+003
Interval = 5.0e+002
Flac3D Model
Without Frac
Massive Sandstone
Clayey Shale
Longwall face
FL AC3D 3.10
Itasca Consulting G roup, Inc .M inneapolis , M N USA
©2006 Itasca Consulting G roup, Inc .
Step 15221 M odel Perspective14:55:06 Wed Jul 18 2012
Center: X: 1.585e+000 Y: 2.107e+002 Z: 8.023e+000
Rotation: X: 0.000 Y: 0.000 Z: 90.000
Dis t: 1.361e+003 M ag.: 18.2Ang.: 22.500
Job T itle : F -21 Sandstone Frac-Before
View T itle :
Z o n e E x tra 1 M agfac = 1.000e+000 Live m ech zones shown G radient Calculation
1.9448e+002 to 5.0000e+002 5.0000e+002 to 1.0000e+003 1.0000e+003 to 1.5000e+003 1.5000e+003 to 2.0000e+003 2.0000e+003 to 2.5000e+003 2.5000e+003 to 3.0000e+003 3.0000e+003 to 3.5000e+003 3.5000e+003 to 4.0000e+003 4.0000e+003 to 4.3785e+003
Interval = 5.0e+002
Massive Sandstone
Clayey Shale
Longwall face
Shear stress, psi
With Frac Frac horizon
15 ft
![Page 16: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Longwall Visual Analysis (LVA)
LVA was installed to track the face pressure and cavity formation index.
Cavity Risk Index (CRI)
![Page 17: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Face Monitoring and Evaluation
To evaluate the effectiveness of the hydraulic fracturing program and the validity of LVA software, daily face monitoring over a 4-week period was conducted.
Based on the collected information, the correlations among the observed face conditions, the hydro frac hole locations and the LVA cavity formation prediction were analyzed.
Underground Observation
Hydraulic Fracturing
LongwallVisual
Analysis
![Page 18: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ming Direction
![Page 19: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dec. 20, 2011
![Page 20: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Face Monitoring and Evaluation
![Page 21: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Face Monitoring and Evaluation
![Page 22: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Face Monitoring and EvaluationLongwall production footage per week
240
124
232
142
115
194
323
F21—SS fraced
344
24106
306
338
230
F20—SS not fraced
![Page 24: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusions
Successful application of hydraulic fracturing technique.
Successful application of LVA software.
Improve safety and increase productivity.
![Page 25: Daniel W.H. Su, Sr. geomechanical engineer Greg J. Hasenfus, Sr. geomechanical engineer Luke Stull, geologist Jun Lu, geomechanical engineer Mark Van Dyke,](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e315503460f94b22b20/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thanks!
Questions?