daniel kovar – assistant engineer evan kearney – jr engineer … · 2019. 12. 9. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
Solar Interconnection Case StudiesDaniel Kovar – Assistant EngineerEvan Kearney – Jr Engineer
Central Hudson - Distribution Planning
Customers Served
~300,000 Electric
~79,000 Natural Gas
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Projected 14.2New 2.0 1.9 3.3 6.3 10.5 16.5 17.0 9.6 13.5Existing 3.6 5.6 7.5 10.7 17.0 27.5 44.0 61.0 70.6 84.1
Meg
aWat
ts (M
W)
Year
Solar Growth as of 12/31/18
Existing New Projected
Hosting Capacity Map
• Interactive online map• Estimates amount of
DER that can be accommodated per distribution circuit
• New update coming in October 2019
https://www.cenhud.com/dg/dg_hostingcapacity
Hosting Capacity Map Pop-Ups
What Factors Affect Hosting Capacity?
Location Circuit Minimum Load Conductor Size Existing DG
Phasing Voltage DistributionEquipment
Protective Devices
Project 1 – 5MW PV
Upgrade Transformer LTC Control
Adjust transformer primary taps by 2.5%
Install a PCC electronic recloser
Install Reclose Block
Install New Service
Total - $207,753
$/kW = $41.55
Upgrades
Reverse Flow Thru Substation Regulator
Overvoltage at Project Inverters
Monitoring and Control
Risk of Unintentional Islanding
Issues that Arose
Conductor Size 336 ACSRPhasing 3-PhasePeak [Substation/Feeder](kW) 12,600 / 3,350Minimum [Substation/Feeder] (kW) 5,140 / 997Total PV (kW) 5,778Customers 488Voltage (kV) 13.2Miles from Sub 0.35Distance from 3-Phase N/ARegulator Banks 1
System Characteristics
Polyphasing/Reconductoring Needed
Overvoltage/Voltage Fluctuation
Protective Device Coordination
Monitoring and Control
Risk of Unintentional Islanding
Issues that Arose
250’ of Polyphasing/Reconductoring
Interconnect at -99% (Consuming Vars) Power Factor
Install a Switched Capacitor bank
Upgrade Upstream Fuses
Install Electronic Recloser at PCC
Install Reclose Block
Upgrade Hydraulic Recloser to Electronic Recloser
Upgrade Feeder Relay Settings
Install New Service
Total - $360,624
$/kW = $180.31
Upgrades
Project 2 – 2MW PV
Conductor Size [POI/Mainline] 4 CU / 336 ACSRPhasing 1-PhasePeak [Substation/Feeder](kW) 6,206Minimum [Substation/Feeder] (kW) 2,648Total PV (kW) 2,446Customers 2,317Voltage (kV) 13.2Miles from Sub 4.29Distance from 3-Phase 250’Regulator Banks 1
System Characteristics
UpgradesUpgradesSystem Characteristics
Dedicated Feeder – 8.51 Miles
Upgrade Substation LTC
Total - $6,537,106
$/kW = $3,268.55
Polyphase 0.51mi 336 ACSR
Interconnect at -95% (Consuming Vars) Power Factor
Install a Switched Capacitor Bank
Reduce System Size to 1.3MW (Tap Movement)
Reduce System Size to 1.056MW (Screen H Flicker)*
Upgrade Regulator and LTC Controls
Reconfigure Feeder Relays
Install PCC Recloser
Install New Service
Total - $502,423
$/kW = $386.34 @ 1.3MW, $475.61 @ 1.056MW
Conductor Size 336 Bare AlPhasing 1-PhasePeak [Substation/Feeder](kW) 22,249/7,773Minimum [Substation/Feeder] (kW) 5,351/2,322Total PV (kW) 4,558Customers 1,821Voltage (kV) 13.2Miles from Sub 8.51Distance from 3-Phase 2700’Regulator Banks 3
Project 3 – 2MW PV
Polyphasing/ Reconductoring Needed
Voltage Fluctuation
Excessive Regulator Tap Movement
Screen H Flicker
Reverse Power Flow Through Regulators
Protective Coordination
Monitoring and Control
Issues that Arose
* Upgrade Not Needed Upon Passing of a Detailed Voltage Flicker Study
$0.00
$200,000.00
$400,000.00
$600,000.00
$800,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$1,200,000.00
$1,400,000.00
$1,600,000.00
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TOTA
L CO
ST O
F U
PGRA
DES
DISTANCE TO SUBSTATION (MI)
Total Cost of Upgrades vs Distance From Substation
< 1MW 1 - 2 MW 2.01 - 4 MW > 4MW
Polyphasing/Reconductoring
Install DTT
Final Remarks
• No single “dependent” factor on upgrade costs.• Central Hudson’s Hosting Capacity Map can assist in finding higher
quality PV locations which can potentially result in minimal upgrades.• Higher costs expected in northern territory due to DTT requirement.
Thank You