damp proofing material.docx

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WEDNESDAY, 6 JUNE 2012

AT!R"A#S US!D F$R DA% %R$$F"N&Damp proo'ing in Residential (uilding

Material used for damp proofing1 !ropert" of t#e material

An e''ective damp proo'ing material should have the 'ollowing properties)* "t should be impervious*+* "t should be strong and durable and should be capable o' withstanding both dead as well as live loads without

damage*,* "t should be dimensionall- stable.* "t should be 'ree 'rom deli/uescent salts like sulphates chlorides and nitrates0* The material should be reasonabl- cheap*1* The material should be such that it is possible to carr- out leak proo' 2oining work*

2 $lassifi%ation of material The materials commonl- used to check dampness can be divided into the 'ollowing 'our categories

a& 'le(i)le materialaterial like bitumen 'elts 3which ma- be Hessian based or 'ibre4glass 'ibre based56 plastic sheeting 3pol-thenesheet5 etc

)& Semi rigid materialsaterials like mastic asphalts or combination o' materials or la-ers*

%& *igid materialsaterials like 'irst class bricks6 stones6 slates6 cement concrete etc

d& +rout materials&rout consists o' cement slurr- and acr-lic based chemical or pol-mers*

Material used for damp proofing Following are the materials6 which are commonl- used 'or damp proo'ing*

1 -ot )itumenThis is a 'le7ible material and is placed on the bedding o' concrete or mortar* This material should be

applied with a minimum thickness o' , mm*2 Masti% asp#alt

This is a semi rigid material and it 'orms an e7cellent impervious la-er 'or damp proo'ing* Thegood asphalt is ver- durable and completel- impervious material* "t can withstand onl- ver- slight distortion* "t isliable to s/uee8e out in ver- hot climates or under ver- heav- pressure* "t should be laid b- e7perienced men o'the speciall- 'irms*

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Masti% asp#alt

.ituminous felts This is a 'le7ible material* "t is eas- to la- and is available in rolls o' normal wall width* "t is laidon a la-er o' cement mortar* An overlap o' )99 mm is provided at the 2oints and 'ull overlap is provided at allcorners* The laps ma- be sealed with bituminous i' necessar-* The bitumen 'elt can accommodate slightmovement* (ut it is liable to s/uee8e out under heav- pressure and it o''ers little resistance to sliding* Thematerial is available in rolls and it should be care'ull- unrolled6 especiall- in cold weather*

/ Metal s#eets The sheets o' lead6 copper and aluminium can be used as the membranes o' damp proo'ing* The lead is a 'le7ible material* The thickness o' lead sheets should be such that its weight is not lessthan +99 N4m+* The lead can be dressed to comple7 shapes without 'racture and it possesses high resistance tosliding action* "t is impervious to moisture and it does not s/uee8e out under ordinar- pressure* "t resists ordinar-corrosion* The sur'aces o' lead coming in contact with lime and cement are likel- to be corroded and hencea coating o' bitumen paint o' high consistenc- should protect the metal* The copper is 'le7ible material* "t possesses higher tensile strength than that o' lead* "t is imperviousto atmosphere and it does not s/uee8e out under ordinar- pressure* "t possesses high resistance to slidingaction* The e7ternal wall6 especiall- o' stones6 is likel- to be stained when a damp proo' course o' copper isadopted* The sur'aces o' copper coming in contact with mortars are likel- to be a''ected* (ut 'or normal use6 themetal does not re/uire an- protective coating*

The aluminium sheets can also be used 'or damp proo'ing* (ut the- should be protected with a la-er o'bitumen*

Metal s#eet

$om)ination of s#eets and feltsA lead 'oil is sandwiched between asphalt and bituminous 'elt* This is known as the lead core

and it is 'ound to be economical6 durable and e''icient*6 Stone The two courses o' sound and dense stones such as granite6 slates etc laid in cement mortar withvertical breaking 2oint can work as an e''ective damp proo'ingcourse* The stones should e7tend 'or 'ull widtha damp proo'ing course* The s stones should e7tend 'or 'ull width o' wall* Something the stones can be 'i7ed6 asin case o' roo' sur'aces6 on the e7posed 'ace o' wall etc*

6 .ri%s The dense bricks6 absorbing water less than .*0: o' their weight6 can be used 'or damp proo'ing at

place where the damp is not e7cessive* The 2oints are kept open* Such bricks are widel- used when dampproo'ing course is to inserted in an e7isting wall*


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Mortar The mortar to be used 'or bedding la-ers can be prepare b- mi7ing ) part o' cement and , part o' sandb- volume* A small /uantit- o' lime is added to increase the workabilit-* For plastering work6 the water proo'mortar can be prepared* "t is prepare b- mi7ing ) part o' cement and + part o' sand and pulveri8ed alum at rate o')+9 N4m, o' sand* "n water to be used6 *;0 N o' so't soap is dissolved per litre o' water and soap water is addedto dr- mi7ed* The mortar thus prepared is used to plaster the sur'aces* Alternativel- some patented waterproo'ing material such as pudlo6 cido6 dempro etc ma- be added to cement mortar*

3 $ement %on%reteA cement concrete la-er in proportional )


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This moisture travels up 'rom one course to another b- capillar- action and can make the wall damp 'or aconsiderable height* This can be checked b- providing D%C at appropriate place* "n case o' building without basement the base portion 'or damp proo' course lies at plinth level*"n case o' structure without plinth6 D%C should be provided at least )09 mm above ground level* "' the dampproo' course is 2ust laid at the ground level6 earth6 dust or leaves might accumulate outside the wall and - thepassage o' time the level o' outside the earth ma- be raised above theD*%*C*level* "n such case6 moisture cantravel 'rom outside ground level to brickwork above D*%*C*and hence the purpose o' providing D*%*C* will no be

served*

77 8reatment to foundation on Damp soil "n case o' building constructed on damp soil in wet areas6 both the walls as well as the ground 'loorare liable to become damp due to capillar- rise o' moisture 'rom ground* "n such case the D%C is laid over theentire area o' ground 'loor including wall thickness* (itumen 'elts can be used 'or damp proo'ing treatment* These/uence o' l-ing D%C can be divided in the 'ollowing stepsork

The rise o'

>eight loss program >eight loss plan

Atmospheres
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DA%@%R$$F"N& "N R!S"D!NT"A# (U"#D"N& aterials used 'or damp proo'ing De'inition o'***

>AT!R %R$$F"N& F$R R$$FS Terrace is the most crucial segment o' a building6 and it is e7posed to direct climatic variations6 e7tremes o' rain'alland structural ***

Singl- rein'orced beam3#imit state method o' design5Di''erent methods o' design o' RCC )*>orking Stress ethod +*#imit State ethod ,*Ultimate #oad ethod.*%robabilistic ethod o' Desi***

T$% D$>N C$NSTRUCT"$N Concurrent above and below grade construction Conventionall-6 buildings with underground basements are built b-bottom@up ***
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AR"N! %"#"N& @ %R$C!DUR! G C$%$N!NTS%ile Foundations %ile 'oundations are the part o' a structure used to carr- and trans'er the load o' the structure to thebearing grou***

AT!R"A#S US!D F$R DA% %R$$F"N&Damp proo'ing in Residential (uilding aterial used 'or damp proo'ing )* %ropert- o' the material An e''ective dampproo'ing materi***

N!> AT!R"A#S "N C$NSTRUCT"$N 3C$NCR!T!5The development and application o' new materials in construction continuall- adds to the choices and decisions 'acingclients6 designers and***

F"R!F"&HT"N& "N C$!RC"A# (U"#D"N&S D!F"N"T"$N $F F"R!< Fire is a chemical reaction6 in which substance 3'uel5 combines with o7-gen* The reaction ise7othermic and usuall***

STRUCTURA# !(!RS R!U"R!D F$R T$%@D$>N C$NSTRUCT"$N 3Top Down Construction@ %art +5Top Down Construction @%art ) STRUCTURA# !(!RS R!U"R!D F$R T$%@D$>N C$NSTRUCT"$N Design

and construction principles 'or top@down ***

"=AN 3Aluminium Formwork5 F$R>$RI >hen concrete is placed6 it is in plastic state* "t re/uires to be supported b- temporar- supports andcastings o' desired***

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