damming the irrawaddy - burmese

8/6/2019 Damming the Irrawaddy - Burmese

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The Myitsone

Song of praise for the Kachin confluence

Memorable ever pleasant Kachin homeland

Mali hka and Nmai hka flow there with beautiful and colorful surroundings

Local residents enjoy their lives

This is the lovely natural homeland of the Kachin people

Dear loving brothers and sisters

Will you forget it due to long loss of contact?

Will you be looking forward to my return?

On the river banks of Mali hka and Nmai hka

The singer�s song spreads

The fascinating environment of Kachin homeland

Impressed my heart and nostalgia is felt

I will keep the music of my soul in my heart for you brothers and sisters




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2005/atmufwdkbmv w&kwfEd kifiH&S d ,leef puf,E W,m; oGif;ukef/ xkwfukef ukr%D

(Yunnan Machinery Export & Import Company)ESif h ulrif;

a&tm;v#yfppf 'DZd kif; Xme (Kunming Hydropower Institute of

Design) wd k @u qnfaqmufrnf h ae&mud k wd kif;wm=uonf?

w&kwfEdkifiH v#yfppf"gwftm; &if;ES D;jr�KyfESHr_ aumfydka&;&Sif;CPI)

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wufenf;ynm ukr%DvDrdwuf (Suntac Technologies Co. Ltd)

u wefz&J&Gm&S d bkef;}uD;ausmif; wausmif;wGif &H k;pd kufv#uf qnfaqmufrnf hae&mud k wd kif;wmcJ honf? wd kif;wma&;vkyfief;rSm toH k;ðyrnf hpuf,E W,m;rsm;ud k w&kwfjynfrS o,f,la&;udpP tqifajy

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xd k;onf h tcrf;tem;od k @ at&Sa0gvfukr%Dvnf; wufa&mufonf? ("gwfyH k&_)2007/ Zefe0g&DrSar w&kwfEd kifiHrS csef*sif;'DZd kif;Xme (Changjing Design Institute of

China)u vGefpufjzif h ajrwl;azmufjcif;/ a&avSmifuef ppfaq;jcif;ESif h ZvaA'wd kif;wmjcif;rsm; aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf 'DZd kif;a&;qG Ja&;tkyfpkrsm;apv$wfcJhonf?

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wm0ef&S donf?24

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w&kwfEd kifiH awmifyd kif; v#yfppf"gwftm;uGef&uf (China Southern Power Grid)

(2007) ckESpf/ arv(21)&ufae@wGif (CPI)onf �tifrd kifc/ rvdcESif h {&m0wDjrpf0Srf;rsm;&S da&tm;v#yfppf pDrHcsufrsm; yl;wG Jtaumiftxnfaz:a&;ESif h ywfoufI yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&; oabmwlnDcsuf w&yfudk w&kwfEdkifiH awmifydkif;v#yfppf"gwftm;uGef&ufaumfyd ka&;&Sif; (China Southern Power Grid Corporation)ESif h vufrSwfa&;xd k;cJ hygonf?Tod k @jzif h TpDrHcsufrsm;wGif �ukr%DESpfckonf r[mAsL[majrmuf vkyfief;vkyfzufrsm;

jzpfvmcJha=umif; tcsufjyvdkufjcif;yif jzpfygonf?28

w&kwfEd kifiH awmifyd kif;v#yfppf"gwftm;uGef&uf (CSG) onf/ w&kwfjynf. awmifyd kif;

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ºuºu wGef;aqmfay;v#uf&S donf?29

&if;ESD;jr�KyfESHolrsm;w&kwfEdkifiH v#yfppf"gwftm; &if;ESD;jr�KyfESHr_aumfyd ka&;&Sif; (CPI)onf �. Ed kifiH&yfjcm;&if;ESD;jr�KyfESHr_wGif b¾maiGaxmufyHhjcif;/ñuH&Ed kifaom ar#mfvif hrxm;onf h tE W&m,fqHk;&_H;r_rsm;udk pDrHtkyfcsKyfjcif;wdk@ESifh ywf

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yd k @ukef-oGif;ukef b%f (China Exim Bank)/ w&kwfEd kifiH yd k @ukef tmrcH aumfyd ka&;&Sif;(China Export Credit Insurance Corporation)

/ w&kwfEd kifiH pufr_ESif h ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;b%f (Industrial and Commercial Bank of China)/ w&kwfEd kifiH aqmufvkyfa&;b%f (The Construction Bank of China)/ umvf,Gef aumfyd ka&;&Sif;ESif h &if;ES D;jr�yfES Hr_

P h ot o: CP I

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(1995) ckESpfwGif pwDAifavmu/ vkyfaz:ud kifzufwOD; jzpfol puFmylEd kifiHol pDpDvD,m

iuf (Cecilia Ng)ESif h vufxyfcJ honf? jrefrmEd kifiH&S d puFmyl &if;ES D;jr�KyfES Hr_rsm;. w0ufausmfausmfonf at&Sa0gvf. tpkpyfyg0ifr_jzif h 0ifa&mufcJ honf[k cef @rSef;&onf? pwDAifavmonf puFmylvkyfief;&Sifrsm; tod kif;t0d kif;xJwGif v_yf&Sm;aeqJ&S dae+yD;/ ol @zcif.yifv,f&yfjcm;&S d vkyfief;rsm;ud k at&Sa0gvf. yifv,f&yfjcm;&S d ukr%DcG Jrsm;jzif h pDrHtkyfcsKyf

ay;v#uf&S donf? 34

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xl;jcm;axGjym;aom ZD0rsKd;uG Jrsm;wnf&S daer_ a=umif h ,ckuJ hod k @ owfrSwfxm;jcif;vnf;jzpfygonf?53 Ta*[pepft& ta&;ygaom yx0Da'owGif/ a'orsm; pkqHk=uonfhvrf;qH kozG,fjzpf+yD;/ tdEN d,/ tif'd k-rmvm,ef/ tif'd k-w&kwfa'orsm;wGif awG @&S d&aom&kuQowWZD0 rsKd;pH kud k awG @Ed kif+yD; ZD0rsKd;uG Jrsm; txl;ºu,f0aoma'ovnf; jzpfygonf?awmifwef;rsm;ESif h awmifukef;rsm;a=umif h a&aiG @rsm;xdef;odrf;xm;onf h us,fjyef @vSaom

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onf? 57

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ysH@yGm;vmr_ jzpfay:vmEdkifaomqdk;usKd;rSm urBmw0Srf;vHk;&Sd qnfrsm;wGif ñuHawG@ae&aom jy\emyifjzpfygonf?66 a&$@ajymif;tajccs&jcif;a=umifh vltrsm;&kwfcsnf; b0ysuf=u&+yD;/ usef;rma&;t&vnf; yd kIxdcd kufepfemzG,f tajctaeud kñuHapygonf? urBmhqnfrsm;qd kif&maumfr&Sif. rSwfwrf;ðycsufrsm;t& �jyefvnftajccsaexd kif&ef ajymif;a&$@cH&aomvlxkrsm;xJwGif aomufoHk;a&&&Sdr_jy\em/ usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufay;r_/&kyfywf0ef;usiftopf/ vlr_tod kif;t0d kif;todpdwfESif h tom;usap&eftwGuf &kef;uef&aomjy\emrsm;ñuHawG @=u&+yD;/ usef;rma&;tajctaetay:oufa&mufr_&S dapygonf?�

jrefrmEd kifiH. òyuG Jaeaom usef ;rma&;apmif ha&Smuf ay;r_ pepf

urBmhusef;rma&;tzGJ@ (WHO)u jrefrmEd kifiH. usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_pepfudkurBmay:wGif tcsKd @wJhtqd k;&Gm;qH k; EdkifiHwcktjzpf owfrSwfazmfjycJ hygonf? ukvor*~uav;rsm;qdkif&m &efyH kaiGtzG J @ (UNICEF) u azmfjycJ h&mwGif jrefrmtpdk;&uEdkifiHom;wpfOD;csif;twGuf usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_vkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;p&dwfrSmtar&duef a':vm 0 ² 40 om&Sd+yD;/ xdkif;Ed kifiHwGif (61) a':vm &Sdaeygonf?

ud k,fcHtm;usa&m*g(HIV/AIDS)

wd kufzsufa&; udpPwGif vl 52 oef;twGuf wESpfv#ifrjzpfpavmuf tar&duefa':vm (137000)om&&Sdygonf?67 jrefrmEdkifiH. csKd@wJhòyuG Jaeaom usef;rma&;apmif ha&Smufr_pepfud k =unf hygu/ qnfwnfaqmufrnf htwGuf yd krd kjzpfay:vmrnf h a&m*gb,rsm;a=umif h vlr_tzG J @tpnf;wckvH k;. usef;rma&;ud k xdcd kufapawmhrnfrSm aocsmonfhtcsufyif jzpfaeygonf?

rvdcjrpfESif h tifrd kifcjrpfurf;yg;rsm;wGif a&$wG if;wl;ae=u&mrS xGufvmaom tqdyfoif hypPnf;rsm;onf a&umwmtwGif; pkyH kvm&ef ta=umif;&S daeonf? a&umwmrS xyfrHpGef @xkwfaom a&rsm;a=umif h jrpfatmufajc&Sdvlxkrsm; xdcdkufepfem&ayrnf?




tajcrJ h ajymif;a&$ @=u&jcif;ESif h vdifuG Jjym;r_tay: tusKd;oufa&mufapr_tajcrJ h a&$ @ajymif;r_a=umif h jzpf&aom/ vlr_tzG J@tpnf;ud k taxGaxGtm;jzifhqif;&Jusyfwnf;apjcif;/ vlr_a&;t& upif huvsm;jzpf&jcif;/ ud k,fpdwf'kuQrsm;ESif h usef;rma&;qd kif&m qd k;usKd;oufa&mufr_rsm;onf txl;ojzif h trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: yd kIqd k;&Gm;pGm xdcd kufr_ &S dapygonf? (urBmhqnfrsm;qd kif&m aumfr&Sif?pm-115)

qnfpDrHcsufrsm;a=umif h ae&majymif;a&$ @&r_ESif h jyefvnftajccs=u&r_wd k @a=umif hjzpf&aom qd k;usKd;rsm;oufa&muf&mwGif trsKd;om;rsm;ESif h trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: xdcdkufapyHkjcif; rwl=uyg? ae&majymif;a&$@=u&jcif;a=umifh &Sdaeaom vlr_tzG J @tpnf;ESif h rdom;pkrsm;. aqGrsKd; tod kuftðrHud k òyuG Japygonf? trsKd;orD;

rsm;onf obm0t& trsKd;om;rsm;xuf a&G @vsm;oGm;vmaexd kifr_ enf;yg;jcif;a=umifhvnf;aumif;/ rdom;pkrsm;/ aus;&Gmrsm;/ vlr_todkuftðrHrsm; òyuGJ=u&jcif;a=umif hvnf;aumif;/ trsKd;orD;rsm;wGif yd kIxdcdkufepfemr_ jzpf=u&ygonf? tu,fI jyefvnftajccsaexd kif &yguvnf;/ a,muf sm;rsm;rSm yd kIv_yf&Sm;oGm;vmwwfonf h obm0&S djcif;a=umif h òr@rsm;wGif 0ifaiGaumif;aom tvkyf&&ef/ od k @r[kwf tpm;xd k;tvkyf&&ef yd kI vG,fulygonf? Ed _if;,SOfcsuft&trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf tvkyf&&ef ydkIcufcJygonf? 71




azmfjyxm;=u+yD;jzpfygonf?69 jrefrm ppfwyfzG J @0iftrsm;u usL;vGefaom rk'drf;r_rsm;rSmpHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;r&Sdovdk/ jypfr_usL;vGefolud kvnf; wpHkw&m tjypfay;jcif; r&S dyg? Ttvm;wl jzpf&yfrsm;rSm u&ifeDjynfe,fwGif avmyDwa&tm;v#yfppfpuf&H k vH kðcHa&;twGuf apmif h=uyf&aom ppfom;rsm;wGifvnf; jzpfay:usL;vGefcJh=uygonf?

(2007) ckESpf/ azaz:0g&DvwGif touf(14 rS 16) ESpftwGif;&S d ausmif;ol (4) OD;udkucsifjynfe,fajrmufyd kif;/ ylwmtd k&S d ppfwyft&m&S d (3) OD;ESif h ppfom; (4)OD;wd k @u tkyfpkjzif h rk'drf;ðyusif hcJ h=uygonf? Trdefuav;rsm;ud k jynf hwefqmvkyfr_ESif h zrf;qD;xm;cJ h+yD;/Ed kifiHwumu &_ H @csjypfwifr_rsm; jzpfay:vmonf htcgrSom jyefv$wfay;cJ hygonf?70 Trk

'drf;r_usL;vGefolrsm;tay: ta&;,ltjypfay;cJ hjcif; &S d-r&S dud k tao;pdwf rod&S d&yg? Tod k @aom tjypf&S donf h w&m;cHrsm;ud k ta&;,ltjypfray;bJxm;onf h tajctaeESif h tpd k;&udk,fYu trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: t=urf;zufr_rsm; cGif hðyusL;vGefapaom tajctaewGif{&m0wDjrpfqH kqnf wnfaqmufa&;pDrHcsufae&mwGif/ ppfwyfrsm; yd kIwd k;csJ @csxm;rnf/ppfom;rsm; yd kIwd k;rsm;vmaprnf h taetxm;a=umif h yd kItxl;pd k;&drfzG,f jzpfapygonf?

vdifazsmfajza&;vkyf ief ; }uD;xGm;vmapEd kifjcif ;? ucsifzG H @òzd;wk d;wufa&;uGef&uftzG J @ (KDNG) u tao;pdwf rSwfwrf;ðycJ haom [l;aumif;csKdif h0Srf;a'o&S d a&$rd kif;wl;azmf=uonf h a&$wGif;rsm;wGif ,m,Dtajccsvmonf h vkyfom;rsm; rsm;jym;vmjcif;/ xd kvkyfom;rsm;onfvnf; jzpfovdktaetxm;wGif aexdkif=u&jcif;tjyif/ trsKd;orD;rsm;taejzif h vkyfcvpmenf;onf htjyif/ tvkyftcGif htvrf;vnf;

&Sm;yg;onfhtwGufa=umifh Ta'orsm;Y vdifazsmfajza&;vkyfief; }uD;xGm;vmaeyHkudkazmfjycJ hygonf? jrpfqH kqnf wnfaqmufa&;uJ hod k @aom pDrHcsuf}uD;rsm; wnfaqmuf=urnf hae&mwGifvnf;/ Tod k @tajctae rqd k; v#ifaomfrS tvm;wl vlr_a&;tajctaersm;jzpfay:vmEd kifygonf? vdifazsmfajza&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif tvkyfvkyfae=u&aom rdef;rysKdrsm;/t"rRjynfhwefqmtjzpf cd kif;apcH=u&olrsm;rSm t=urf;zufr_rsm;ESif h a&m*gul;pufr_rsm;

vnf; cH=u&zG,f&S daeygonf? xd k @tjyif Tod k @aom trsKd;orD;rsm;ud k vlr_tod kif;rS z,fusOfcH=u&aoma=umifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&m cHpm;epfem&r_rsm;vnf;&Sdygonf? ? pDrHcsuftaumiftxnfazmfrnfhae&mwGif udk,fcHtm;usa&m*g (tdyfcsftdkifADG§attdkif'Dtufpf)vnf; yd krd kul;pufysH @yGm;vmzG,f &S daeygonf? vlxktrsm;twGuf usef;rma&;apmif ha&Smufr_pepf txl;edrf husaeaomtaetxm;wGif tjcm;vl @tzG J @tpnf; w&yfvH k;od k @ yd krd kul;pufysH@yGm;EdkifonfhtE W&m,ftwGufvnf; pdk;&drfzG,fjzpfygonf?




Our Homeland (Kachin Song)

The most pleasant and glorious homeland of ours,

The site where Mali hka and Nmai hka join together

It is surrounded by snow mountainous and green forest hills,

The mist and the cloud encompass this location

Here, beautiful flowers are blossoming

Rivers and streams flow eternally

Birds and cuckoos fly around,

Cool and pleasant is our homeland

Welcome every one, just for a visit

Unforgettable Kachin culture which can never be satisfied to observe,

Awesome scenic views and natural sights , precious jade and wildlife abound

All kinds of fruits and crops are abundant

As long as the Irrawaddy (Mali hka) river flows

The love of the ethnic Kachin will never cease




ti,fpm;a&tm;v#yfppf xkwfvkyfief;rsm; (Small hydro power--SHP)

onf yd krd kaumif;rGefaom tjcm; a&G;cs,fp&m enf;vrf; jzpfonf?

ti,fpm; a&tm;v#yfppfxkwfvkyfief;rsm;ud k acsmif;i,frsm;/ tvwfpm;ESif h t}uD;pm;jrpfrsm;rS a&ud kuJ h,lI aqmif&GufEd kifygonf? Tenf;onfobm0ywf0ef;usif rysufpD;apaom pGrf;tifxkwf,lEdkifonfh enf;yif

jzpfygonf? ti,fpm;a&tm;v#yfppfxkwfvkyfief;rsm; (Small

hydro power--SHP)

[kqd k&mY rsm;aomtm;jzif h pGrf;tif (10)r D*g0y f xufenf;Ixkwfay; Ed kifaom pepf

rsKd;jzpfygonf? qd k;usKd;tenf;i,fr#om jzpfap+yD;/ a0;vHacgifoD

aom a'orsm;wGif pGrf;tif axmufyH hay;&eftwGuf toH k;ðyEd kifygonf?Tti,fpm;a&tm;v#yfppfxkwf vkyfief;rsm;wGif a&ud k ajrmif; od k @r[kwfydkufjzifhoG,f,lI wmbdkiftwGif;odk@ ay;ydk@jcif; jzpfonf? xdktcg pufarmif;wH&Sd a&cGufud k &dkufap+yD;/ wmbdkifpufud k vnfapygonf? Tod k @vnfaeaomarmif;wHud k rD;tm;xkwfay;rnf h *sifea&wmESif h qufoG,fxm;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh a&G@&Sm;r_rS v#yfppfpGrf;tiftjzpfodk@ ajymif;,ljcif;jzpfygonf?76 Tvkyfief;rsm;wGif qnf}uD;rsm;/ a&umwm}uD;rsm; rvd ktyfonf htwGufa=umif h/ vltrsm;ajymif;a&$ @&ap&ef/ opfawmrsm; a&jrKyf

ysufpD;ap&ef tajctaevnf;r&S dapyg?

jrefrmEd kifiHESif h ucsifjynfe,f&S d vlxkrsm;onf olwd k @vd ktyf=uaom v#yfppfpGrf;tif&&S dap&eftwGuf/ ti,fpm;a&tm; v#yfppf xkwf,la&;vkyfief;rsm;udk oifhav#mf&menf;vrf;rsm;jzifh aqmif&Gufae=u+yD; jzpfygonf?trSefqdk&v#if w&kwf EdkifiHonf ti,fpm;a&tm;v#yfppfxkwfvkyfief;(Small hydro power--SHP)wGif OD;aqmifaeonf hae&mu &S donf[kqd kEd kif+yD;/ (2006) ckESpf pm&if;rsm;t& ti,fpm;a&tm;v#yfppfxkwf puf&H k

Inversin, A. R. Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook




tcef; (4)? tod&S d&S djzif h oabmwlI tepfemcH-u&jcif;/ od k �r[kwf tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&m

enf;vrf;rsm; !$efjya&G;cs,fapjcif;r&S dbJ vltrsm;u xdcd kufepfem-u&jcif;?

wefz&Jaus; &GmrS &Gmom;wOD;u ajymjy&mwGif �tpd k;&uawmh usaemf wd k@udkw&m;0if tod ay;wmawG r&S d ao;ygbl;? at&Sm;a0g (ukr%D ) uvmawmh &Gmvl

}uD ;ud k 'D ae&mrSm olwd k @tvkyf vkyf r,f qd kwm tod ay;ygw,f ? 'gayr,f h &Gmom; awGud k bmud pPvkyf r,f / b,f twGuf a=umif h vkyf r,f qd kwm &Sif ;jywm r&S d ygbl;?�

[k ajymygonf ? (awG @qH kar;jref ;cef ; trSwf -14)

ppftpd k;&onf Tqnfwnfaqmufa&;ESifh ywfoufI a'ocH jynfolvlxkrsm;xHodk @w&m;0if ta=umif;=um;jcif; r&S dao;yg? od k @aomfvnf; aus;&Gmvlxkrsm;onf uGif;qif;wd kif;xGma&;tzG J @rsm; oGm;vmaeonfud k jrifawG @ae=u&+yD; qnfwnfaqmufawmhrnfud k

odae=uygonf? *syefavhvmwd kif;xGma&;tzG J @wcku pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; usefcJ h+yD;/ �wd k @rSwqifh wefz&Jaus;&GmteD; wnfaqmufrnfh qnfESifh tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;udkod&S d=u&ygonf?

a&v$rf;rnf ha'orsm; azmfjyxm;onf h ajryH ktygt0ifjzpfaom taxmuftxm;rsm;ud k=unfhI wefz&Jaus;&Gmom;rsm;u ucsifvlrsKd;rsm;. OD;aqmiftzGJ@tpnf;wckxHodk@�Tqnf aqmufvkyfa&; udpPtay: wm;qD;Ed kif&eftwGuf vd ktyfaom ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_rsm; ðyay;yg&efESif h oufqd kif&m tm%myd kifrsm;xH qufvufwifjyay;&ef� (2004)

aygif; (43� 027) ck &Sdaeygonf?77 �rdrdbmom wnfaqmufEdkifaom/rdrdbmom xdef;odrf;pDrHEd kifaom/ rdrdbmom toH k;ðyEd kifaom� ti,fpm;a&tm;v#yfppf puf&H krsm;wnfaqmuf&ef w&kwfEd kifiHu 1960 ckESpfrsm;uyif rl0g'csrSwfcJ hygonf? Tod k @ A[d k OD;pD;csKyfud kifr_ rxm;bJ jzef @cG Jxm;aom pDrHcef @cG Jr_pepfESif h a'ocHjynfolrsm;ud k �wd k @bmom pDrHxdef;odrf;Ed kifaom a&tm;v#yfppfxkwf vkyfief;rsm;wGif &if;ES D;jr�KyfES Hapjcif;ESif h toH k;ðyapjcif;ud k yd krd kjr�if hwifaqmif&Gufoif hvSygonf? od k @aomfvnf; jrefrmEd kifiH&S dppftpd k;&u qnf}uD;rsm;wnfaqmufa&;Yom tm;oefaeum/ w&kwfEd kif

iHrS ukr%Drsm;u Tod k @aqmufvkyfa&;twGuf ulnDyh Hyd k;ay;ae=uygonf?




15 "Irrawaddy�s bounty is its people�s curse,� in The Nation, January 24, 1997.16 http://www. Worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0116_full.html17 T'¾&Dajymqd k=u&mwGif uG JvG Jr_ tcsKd @&S dygonf? ewfrif;}uD;u vufwzufrSaeI a&$cGufjzif havmif;+yD;/ tjcm;vufwzufrS

aiGcGufud kifI avmif;csonf[kvnf; qd k=uygonf? xd k @tjyif jrpfrsm;ESif h ywfoufonf h xl;jcm;csufta=umif;rsm;wGifvnf;uG JvGJajymqdkr_ tcsKd@&Sdygonf? Please see The Kachins: Religion and Custom, A. Gilhodes,

1996 and http;//www.pandaw1947.com/irrawaddy_river.htm18 Myanmar Hydroproject, Report, China Power Investment Corporation Myanmar

Hydro Division, April 2007.19 aemufxyfowif;tcsuftvufrsm;ud k China Southern Power Grid. website pmrsufESm www.csg.cn

wGif =unfhEdkifonf//20 �West-to-east Power Transmission Program Well Underway in SW China,� People�s

Daily Online, January 10, 2003.21 �China to Build Dams in Northern Burma,� The Irrawaddy Business News, February

2007.22 China eyes second dam on Thanlwin , The Myanmar Times, Volume 19, No.336, May

14-20, 2007, �China firm to build Myanmar hydro-power plants,� AFP , May5, 2007.23 China eyes second dam on Thanlwin , The Myanmar Times, Volume 19, No.336, May

14-20, 2007.24 �Hydropower plays a leading role in Myanmar�s power development plans,� Inter-

national Journal of Hydropower and Dams, Issue Two, 2005.25 �Who rules the Ground?� The power of Myanmar�s area commanders,� at http://

www,asiaweek.com/asiaweek/magazine/99/0903/nat_myanmar.html26 http://eng.cpicorp.com.cn/channel.do?cmd=show&id=527 Myanmar Hydroproject Report , China Power Investment Corporation Myanmar

Hydro Division, April 2007.28 http://eng.cpicorp.com.cn/channel.do?cmd=show&id=529 http://finance.mapsofworld.com/company/c/china-southern-power-grid.html ESifh

www.csg.cn tifwmeuf pmrsufESmrsm;rS owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &,lygonf?30

http://www.ymec.com.cn/en/about.htm31 www.yndaily.com/html/20051201/news_88_714449.html32 http://www,cjw.com.cn/index/civilization/detail/20070530/88736.asp33 at&Sa0gvfukr%Donf ysOf;rem; òr@awmfopf (aejynfawmf) . twGif;ESif htjyif taqmuftOD;rsm; aqmufvkyfa&; twGuf

tpd k;&ESif h uefx±d kufpmcsKyf csKyfqd kxm;aom t"duukr%D}uD;wckvnf; jzpfonf//34 at&Sa0gvfESif h ywfoufaom tcsuftvufrsm;ud k {&m0wDr*~Zif;rS cGefqrf (Hkun Sam) u okawoeðyonf?

�Hanging drug couriers but investing with their suppliers,� in The Nation, October

20, 1997.35 http://www.suntactechnologies.com/36 htpp://www.japancorp.net/company_show.asp?compid=45337 Dammed by Burma�s Generals: The Karenni Experience with Hydropower Development

from Lawpita to the Salween, The Karenni Development Research Group, 2006.38 (WCD p. 112)39 Down River, The consequences of Vietnam�s Se San River Dams on Life in Cambodia

and their meaning in international law,The NGO Forum on Cambodia40

�The Mekong�s Changing Currency,� Montree Chantawong, in Watershed , Vol. 11,No. 2, November 2005-January 2006.




41 Silenced Rivers, the Ecology and Politics of Large Dams , Patrick McCully, 2001,

p. 117.42 w&kwfjynfol@orwEdkifiH/ a&ESifh pGrf;tif t&if;tjrpfrsm;tawG@tñuHwGif qnfrsm;ESifhywfoufaom udpPrsm;udk

urBmhqnfrsm;qkdif&m aumfr&Sifodk @ wifjy&ef Professor R. Fuggle and W.T. Smith, 2000. ðypkaomw&kwfEd kifiHta=umif; wifjycsufpmwrf;rS &,lygonf?

43

http://asc-india.org/maps/hazard/haz-myanmar.htm, last accessed June 22, 2007.44 Silenced Rivers, the Ecology and Politics of Large Dams , Patrick McCully, 2001, p.

113-114.45 vH kðcHa&;0efxrf;rsm;ESif h tif*sifeD,mwOD;rSm a&epfaoqH k;cJ h&ygonf? 'Drd ku&ufwpf jrefrmhtoH xkwfv$if hcsuf? (2006 ckESpf/

Zlvd kif 12) Dam burst kills five in northern Burma�s Kachin State.46 jrpf}uD;em;a&}uD;r_owif;udk http://www.kachinstate.com/reporton_myitkyina_flood.html

tifwmeufpmrsufESmwGif zwf&_Ed kifygonf?47 Down River, The consequences of Vietnam�s Se San River Dams on Life in Cambodia

and their meaning in international law, The NGO Forum on Cambodia, 2005, �Deathtoll rises in Indian dam tragedy,� 12 April 2005, www.waterpowermagazine.com

48 From Myanmar: Investment opportunities in biodiversity conservation , Birdlife

international, 2005, citing �Large-scale hydrological changes in tropical Asia:

prospects for riverine biodiversity,� Bioscience 50 (9): 793-806, 2000, and �The

ecology of tropical Asian rivers and streams in relations to biodiversity

conservation,� Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 239-263, 2000.49 �Large-scale hydrological changes in tropical Asia: prospects for riverine

biodiversity,� David Dudgeon, in Bioscience , September 2000.50 Greater Mekong Subregion Atlas of the Environment , Asian Development Bank, 2004,

p. 37.51 Silenced Rivers, the Ecology and Politics of Large Dams , Patrick McCully, 200152 Tta&;ygaom a'orsm;ta=umif;ud k a'gufwm aemfref ar,m (Dr. Norman Meyers) u yxrOD;qH k;avhvmcJ h+yD;/

1988 ckESpfwGif yHkESdyfazmfjycJ h+yD jzpfygonf? Tavhvmr_udk ESpfpOfxyfrHjznf hpGufcJ h+yD; aemufqHk;pmtkyfrSm Hotspots

Revisited: Earth�s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions.

[k trnf&ygonf/ �udk atmufygtifwmeufpmrsufESmwGif zwf&_Edkifygonf? http://multimedia.conservation.org/cabs/online_pubs/hotspots2/cover.html

53 http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0131_full.html54 Myanmar: Investment opportunities in biodiversity conservation , Birdlife

international, 200555 Irrawaddy Watershed, EarthTrends/World Resources Institute, 2002.56 Occasional Paper No. 23 Biology and Conservation of Asian River Cetaceans,

accessed at http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/publications/rivercetacean.htm57 w&kwfjynfol@orwEdkifiH/ a&ESifh pGrf;tif t&if;tjrpfrsm;tawG@tñuHwGif qnfrsm;ESifhywfoufaom udpPrsm;udk

urBmhqnfrsm;qkdif&m aumfr&Sifodk @ wifjy&ef Professor R. Fuggle and W.T. Smith, 2000. ðypkaomw&kwfEd kifiHta=umif; wifjycsufpmwrf;rS &,lygonf?

58 �Legal aspects of hydropower projects in Myanmar,� in Hydropower and Dams ,

Issue One, 2007.59 �Smith, B.D. & Beasely, I. 2004.Orcaella brevirostris (Malampaya Sound

subpopulation). In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .

<www.iucnredlist>.org. Downloaded on 21 June 2007.60 &Spfpwd kqd krDa,;ppfa&m*gESif h ywfoufaom tcsuftvufrsm;ud k Silenced Rivers, the Ecology and Politics

of Large Dams, Patrick McCully, 2001. pmtkyfrS &,lygonf?61 WCD, p. 118.




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Villages in the food zone of Irrawaddy Myitsone Dam



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Village name

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No .

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8

1 9

2 0

2 1

2 2

2 3

2 4

2 5

2 6

2 7

2 8

2 9

3 0

3 1

3 2

3 3

3 4

3 5

Household

21

13

72

18

10

14

15

32

42

8

6

54

11

218

17

29

65

69

165

31

18

189

263

5

6

173

22

4

10

5

7

10

18

18

40

Population

113

58

386

87

57

73

77

179

401

60

51

292

109

1097

65

138

334

354

847

163

107

897

1294

25

30

1406

106

15

57

20

28

30

180

160

150

damming the irrawaddy - burmese

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