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Allied Forces

• Great Britain • France • Russia

• U.S.A

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Central Power

• Germany • Austria-Hungary

• Ottoman Empire

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Nationalism

• Having pride in your country

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Imperialism

• European nations competed for colonies• “Bigger is better”• Areas of conflict:

– Africa – Bosnia – Alsace – Loraine

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Militarism

• Building up the military• Military was built for 2 reasons: protect their

colonies, peer pressure• Used a mandatory draft to accomplish this• Russia had the largest army, Germany the best

trained, Britain had the largest navy

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Alliances

• Forming partnerships with other nations• Central power: Germany, Austria, Ottoman Empire• Allies: Britain, France, Russia, (U.S.A.)

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Pan-German

• Unite all German speaking people

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Pan-Slavic

• Unite all Slavic speaking people• Example: Bosnia-95% Slavic speaking language yet controlled

by German speaking Austria

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• To protect their positions & to cut down on losses, both sides dug trenches

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• At night supplies were brought in & scouts were sent out

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• At dawn/dusk attacks came: they hit them with artillery & then they went over the top.

• They had to go through barbwire, machinegun fire, and craters

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• Problems in the Trenches:– Mud – Rats – Smell – Body rot – Cold – Staying dry – Maggots – Lice – Disease

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Sinking of the Lusitania

• It was a passenger ship that was secretly carrying ammunition

• A German submarine sunk the ship• 1,198 passengers died (128 were Americans)• President Wilson demanded that the Germans

apologize & pay for damages

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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• Sussex pledge• Germany promised not to sink merchant ships

without first warning them & rescuing passengers• By 1917 Germany is defeating Russia on the

eastern front. They want a quick victory on the western front

• To do this they use unrestricted submarine warfare• They were sinking all ships heading towards allied

nations

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Zimmerman Note

• Zimmerman was a German official• He sent a letter to Mexico asking them to attack the

U.S.• In exchange he promised that Germany would aid

them in retrieving the land that we took from them

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• General Pershing led the U.S. troops in World War 1• By July, 1918 the U.S. have 1 million troops in the

war• The U.S. cuts off the German rail lines which supply

their troops• The U.S. attacked through the Argonne Forest. It

takes 47 days & 1.2 million soldiers are cut off from their supply

• In November the Allies have captured the high ground & Germany surrenders

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• By 1917 Germany controlled: Belgium, Italy, & N. France

• By 1918 Russia has a revolution & they drop out of the war. Now Germany can concentrate on the western front

• By October, 1918 German lines start to crumble

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• The 11th hour, the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 the war ends!

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New Nations Created

• Russia:– Finland – Lativia – Lithuania – Estonia – Poland.Austria/Hungary:

Austria Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia

.Ottoman EmpireDivided up to be controlled by the allies Back

Germany’s Punishment

• Germany must except full responsibility• The Allies took away their colonies, coal fields, & the

areas of Alsace & Lorraine• They greatly reduced Germany’s armed forces• Allies forced them to pay $33 billion• They were only able to pay $4.5 billion

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The League Of Nations

• An organization of nations established at the end of WWI to maintain world stability

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