dairy_farm_report

8/7/2019 dairy_farm_report

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dairyfarmreport 1/4

y How safe is the dairy business? y S tarting the Dairy farm... y S electing the animal (Cows v/s Buffaloes) y V arious Breeds y I nfrastructure and Manpower requirements y S ample Project Report

How safe is the Dairy Business?

Dairy farming is a safe business for the following reasons:

y I t is eco-friendly and does not cause environmental pollution as compared to otherindustries.

y R equirement of skilled labour is relatively less. y Dairy product market is active round the year. y M inimum investment on inventory. (No need to to stock raw materials in huge

quantities.) y E ntire establishment can be shifted to a new location (if need arises e.g. Fire, Floods

etc.) y O ne can insure animals. y L ess energy requirement. B iogas plant fed with cow dung can supply maximum

energy to meet farms day to day requirement. Decomposed slurry of such plant canalso be effectively used as organic manure.

L imitations and Constraints :

y B reeding of animals and getting expected milk yield is a biological phenomenon,which depends upon various factors.

y Dairy farming besides good planning requires hardworking, reliable and alertmanager. I n I ndia, usually persons from the family take the responsibility.

y I nadequate management of feeding ,heard health and lack of quality control invarious stage of production can cause major loss affecting the profitability of theentire venture.

S tarting the Farm - How to begin...

y O ne needs to decide first on the aims and objective of the farm. E very year thereshould be a progressive aim for breeding ( including number of animals to bemaintained) and production.

y You can visit dairy farms that run on commercial basis and have a discussion withexperienced farm owners. You need not have to rely much on others experience,analyze every event logically and if needed consult with local Veterinarians for moreinformation.

y I f you plan to manage the farm on your own, look for opportunities to work for anexisting farm for a minimum period of six months.

y Develop interest and study feed and fodder's market in your region, its difficulties inrelation to seasons.



y M anage a good team of labourers. You need to choose hardworking reliable personspreferably with some experience. You can also train them for specific jobs.

y Visit the cattle market occasionally. O bserve animals on sale and talk with personsengaged with purchasing of animals.

y R ead magazines on Dairy I ndustry and keep yourself informed.

G etting some initial professional training...

y O pportunities for training are available with most of the:o A gricultural/Veterinary Universities of various states o K rishi Vigyan Kendras o S tate Department of A nimal Husbandry

y You can also choose to inquire with National level organization like: National DairyR esearch I nstitute (ND RI ) K arnal (Haryana) - For training on rearing of dairy animalsand manufacture of milk products.

y A lternately, you can also look for training facilities of non-governmental

organizations that are active in farming sectors.

S electing the animal to farm with - Cows v/s. Buffaloes

Cows Buffaloes

y G ood quality cows are available inthe market and it cost aroundR s.1200 to R s.1500 per liter of milk production per day. (e.g.Cost of a cow producing 10 literof M ilk per day will be betweenR s.12,000 to R s.15,000).

y I f proper care is given, cowsbreed regularly giving one calf every 13-14 month interval.

y T hey are more docile and can behandled easily. G ood milkyielding cross breeds (Holsteinand Jersey crosses) has welladapted to I ndian climate.

y T he fat percentage of cow's milkvaries from 3-5.5% and is lower

thenB

uffaloes.

y I n I ndia, we have good buffalobreeds like M urrah and M ehsana,which are suitable for commercialdairy farm.

y B uffalo milk has more demand formaking butter and butter oil( G hee), as fat percentage in milkis higher then cow. B uffalo milk isalso preferred for making tea, awelcoming drink in commonI ndian household.

y B uffaloes can be maintained onmore fibrous crop residues, hencescope for reducing feed cost.

y B uffaloes largely mature late andgive birth to calves at 16 to 18months interval. M ale calves

fetch little value.

y B uffaloes need cooling facilitye.g. Wallowing tank or showers /foggers with fan.



A suggestion to help you in deciding the animal to farm with:

M iddle class health-conscious I ndian families prefer low fat milk for consumption as liquidmilk. We suggest you to go for a commercial farm of mixed type. (Cross breed, cows andbuffaloes kept in separate rows under one shed). Conduct a through study of the immediatemarket where you are planning to market your milk You can mix milk from both type of animals and sold as per need of the market. Hotels and some general customers (can bearound 30%) prefer pure buffalo milk. Hospitals, sanitariums prefer cow's milk.

W hat are the various breeds? W hat is the economic life of animals?

P opular buffalo milch breeds are Murrah, S urti, Mehasani, Jaffrabadi, and Nali - Raviand Badhawari.

T he indigenous milch breeds of cattle are G ir, S ahiwal, Red S indhi and Tharparkar.

T he exotic breeds of cattle are Holstein Friesian, Jersey and Brown S wiss.

E conomic life of buffaloes is 5-6 lactation and that of Crossbreed cows is 6-7 lactation.

T he minimum economic size to go with?

Under I ndian condition a commercial dairy farm should consist of minimum 20 animals (10cows, 10 buffaloes) this strength can easily go up to 100 animals in proportion of 50:50 or40:60. A fter this however, you need to review your strength and market potential beforeyou chose to go for expansion.

A glance at the I nfrastructure and Manpower requirements

T he space required per animal should be 40 sq.ft in shed and 80sq.ft open space. B esides,you will also need:

1. O ne room 10'' x 10'' for keeping implements.

2. One room 10''x 12'' for milk storage

3. O ffice cum living room of suitable size. 4. Water tank capable of storing minimum 2000 liters5. B ore well with capacity to fill water tank in 1 hr

T otal land requirement for a unit of 20 animals can be sited as 3000 sq.ft. T here should bespace for expansion. I deal space requirement for 100 animals is 13,000 to 15,000 sq.ft(120" x 125''). For 20 animals initially, you can make contractual arrangements for gettingan assured supply of 300 kgs. of Lucerne and 400 kgs. of maize fodder per day. However, in



long run, as the strength of you farm will go up to 100 animals, I t is advisable that youshould go for a lease land of 15 to 20 acres with irrigation facility to cultivate green fodderfor your animals. ( O ne acre of green fodder cultivation for every five animals is required asa thumb rule.) T he economics of whole dairy animal management depends upon itseconomic feeding. B y making fodder's like Lucerne or B erseem available for your animalsyou can reduced cost on feeding concentrate feed.

T he strength of labourers in your farm can vary with number of animals usually the thumbrule is one labour for every 10 animals on milk or 20 dry animals or 20 young stock.

dairy_farm_report

Documents