dairy breeds and selection. objectives: n major breeds of dairy cattle n dairy terms and definitions...
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Dairy Breeds and Selection
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Objectives: Major Breeds of Dairy
Cattle Dairy Terms and
Definitions Parts of a Dairy Cow Dairy Traits and
Selection
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Holstein
Black and White or Red and White color pattern
Large sized Heavy milk producers Not registered if all white or black
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Jersey
Color varies (light gray to dark fawn being darker around head and hips)
Has a dished face Produces more pounds of milk per
body weight than any other dairy breed.
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Gurnsey
Red (Fawn) and White in color Medium sized High milk production to feed
intake ratio Milk is high in betacarotene
and has a rich yellow color
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Brown Swiss
Solid brown, varying from very light to dark
Large sized Light colored band around the muzzle One of the oldest Dairy breeds
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Ayrshire
Red and white in color (amount varies) Medium sized Purebred Ayrshires only produce red
offspring Average milk production
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Milking Shorthorn
Red and white or any combination of red and white
Dual purpose breed – used for meat after used for milk
Calves are excellent vealers
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Milking Devon
Red in color Triple purpose (Draft, beef,
milk) Medium sized
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Review
Jersey
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Review
Milking Shorthorn
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Review
Brown Swiss
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Review
Guernsey
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Review
Milking Devon
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Review
Ayrshire
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Review
Holstein
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Terms
bull - Mature male dairy animal
cow - Mature female dairy; shows evidence of having produced one or more calves
heifer - female dairy animal that has not borne a calf
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Terms
calf - male of female dairy animal under one year of age
springer - cow showing signs of pregnancy
breed characteristics - physical traits that differentiate on breed from another
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTerms
dairy character - characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the dairy industry (sharpness and flatness of bones, length of neck, openness and slant of ribs)
butterfat - percent of fat in the milk
milk production - amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation period
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Terms lactation - span of time that a cow is
giving milk dairy herd improvement records
(DHI) production records kept on producing dairy cattle
mammary system - parts of the cow directly responsible for producing and storing milk
pedigree - register of lines of ancestry
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation
System)
1. Stature (height): measured from the top of withers to the ground
-tall is good2. Depth of body: from the top of the back to
the bottom of the heart girth and belly area - Deeper is better
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)
3. Dairy character (independent of performance): Sharpness and flatness of bones, length of neck, openness and slant of ribs
-we want them to look feminine and like a dairy cow (extremely sharp)
4. Foot Angle: determines whether the cow walks well or is on its tip-toes or too sloping and almost on its dewclaws
-Intermediate Angle is the best
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)
5. Rear legs (side view): How straight or sloping the hock joint is
- We want slight set in the hock6. Rump Angle: levelness from hooks to pins-we want nearly angle
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)
7. Thurl (Rump) width: Measure the pelvic area form side to side
-extremely wide is best 8. Fore udder attachment: Strength of
udder attachment to the body wall -extremely tight attachment is what
we want – no cartoon cows!
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)
9. Rear udder width: How wide the udder is at attachment site
-wider the better10. Rear udder height: How high the
udder extends in relation to the vulva-Higher the better
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)
11. Teat placement (rear view) :Are the teats centrally placed in each quarter
- Central is best12. Cleft: How defined the udder
crease is (measured when viewed from behind.
-extremely cleft is best
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection (Dairy Evaluation System)
13. Udder depth (relative to point of hock) : We want the udder floor to set above the hock
- udder floor at hock is best
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Dairy Breeds and SelectionTraits and Selection
Milk Production FactsBreed Percent Butterfat Pounds Butterfat Pounds
Milk ProdHolstein 3.66 703 19,185Ayrshire 3.95 569
14,398Jersey 4.75 618 13,020Brown Swiss 4.03 606 15,062Guernsey 4.57 611 13,363
Think about this?1. Which breed produced the most total pounds of milk? Why do
think this is so?2. Why would butterfat be important to milk?3. What breed produced the lowest total pounds of butterfat?4. What would you think the most popular breed of Dairy cattle
would be judging from this data? Why?5. What is the definition of milk production? Why would a cow be
lactating?
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Dairy Breeds and Selection“Use What you have learned”
Which animal would be considered desirable? What terms would you use to describe the differences? Which animal shows the best general appearance? Are these cows or heifers? Why?
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Dairy Breeds and Selection“Use What you have learned”
Which animal would be considered desirable? What terms would you use to describe the
differences? Which shows more dairy character? What are the
indicators? What about the udder?