Daily Science (pg. 14)Name the four Earth systems and explain each.Put the following numbers into scientific notation:

10800000000.00090745000000.000000001

Convert the following:1.23 meters into millimeters0.098 kg into dg104 centiliters into liters

Name one type of map and explainWhat are the two types of ways minerals are formed?

Pg. 21

Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks

Formation of Sedimentary RocksSediments- pieces of solid material that

have been deposited on Earth’s surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation.

When sediments become cemented together, they are called sedimentary rocks

Begins by erosion and weathering

WeatheringChemical and physical processes that break

rock into smaller pieces.Produces rock and mineral fragments called

clastic sedimentsClastic means broken

Classification of Clastic Sediments

PARTICLE SIZE SEDIMENT ROCK

>256-2 mm Gravel Conglomerate

2-0.062 mm Sand Sandstone

0.062-0.0039 mm

Silt Siltstone

< 0.0039 mm Clay Mudstone

Erosion and TransportThe removal and movement of surface

materials from one location to another is erosion

Agents of erosion: wind, moving water, gravity, and glaciers.

Always move downhillWhen transport stops and sediments settle-

deposition.Particles are sorted into layers depending

on their size

LithificationAs more sediments are deposited, bottom

layers become more compressed.Lithification- physical and chemical process

that form sediments into sedimentary rocksBegins with compactionSqueezes water out and sometimes natural

gas and oil fill the empty space.

Cross- bedding and graded beddingCross bedding-

forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried forward across a horizontal surface

Graded bedding-depositions where particles are progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom

Types of sedimentary rocksFossils (a feature of sedimentary rocks)

Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

ROCK TYPE ROCK NAME METHOD OF FORMATION

Clastic Coarse Grain Medium Grain Fine Grain

Conglomerate or sandstoneSandstone

Shale

Lithification of clastic sediments

Organic Calcium Carbonate Shells plant matter

LimestoneCoal

Accumulation and lithification of living things

Chemical Calcite Halite Gypsum

LimestoneRock Salt

Rock gypsum

Precipitation of dissolved minerals from water

Metamorphic RocksWhen high temperature and pressure

combine to alter the texture, mineralogy, or chemical composition without melting a rock a metamorphic rock is formed.

Meta = changeMorphe = Form

Types of metamorphismRegional metamorphism- when high

temperature and pressure effect large regions of Earth’s crust.

Contact metamorphism- when molten rock comes into contact with solid rock

Hydrothermal metamorphism- when very hot water reacts with rock and alters the chemical composition

Metamorphic texturesFoliated- characterized by wavy layers and

bands of mineralsNonfoliated- lack long mineral grains in one

direction

The Rock CycleRocks don’t always remain the same rock

that they were formed as.