Daily Opener 10/17Daily Opener 10/17

1.1. What religion did What religion did Muhammad spread?Muhammad spread?

2.2. What is a caliph?What is a caliph?

Islam Study GuideIslam Study Guide

1.1. Why were many people of the Arabian Peninsula Why were many people of the Arabian Peninsula nomads? nomads?

Farmland was scarce, so they became herders Farmland was scarce, so they became herders who moved from place to place.who moved from place to place.

2.2. What was a main effect of the growth of trade on the What was a main effect of the growth of trade on the Arabian Peninsula? Arabian Peninsula?

an increasing cultural exchange with people from an increasing cultural exchange with people from distant placesdistant places

3.3. Where was the Ka’aba located? Where was the Ka’aba located?

in the city of Meccain the city of Mecca

4.4. Why did Muhammad begin his teaching in the city of Why did Muhammad begin his teaching in the city of Mecca? Mecca?

He was born in Mecca to a powerful family.He was born in Mecca to a powerful family.

3.3. Where was the Ka’aba located?Where was the Ka’aba located?

in the city of Meccain the city of Mecca

4.4. Why did Muhammad begin his teaching in the Why did Muhammad begin his teaching in the city of Mecca? city of Mecca?

He was born in Mecca to a powerful family.He was born in Mecca to a powerful family.

5.5. What is Islam’s main teaching? What is Islam’s main teaching?

There is only one God.There is only one God.

6.6. Why did Muhammad and his followers migrate Why did Muhammad and his followers migrate to Medina? to Medina?

They were persecuted in Mecca.They were persecuted in Mecca.

7.7. What is the name of the five duties that all What is the name of the five duties that all Muslims must perform? Muslims must perform?

the Five Pillars of Islamthe Five Pillars of Islam

6.6. Why did Muhammad and his followers migrate to Why did Muhammad and his followers migrate to Medina? Medina?

They were persecuted in Mecca.They were persecuted in Mecca.

7.7. What is the name of the five duties that all Muslims What is the name of the five duties that all Muslims must perform? must perform?

the Five Pillars of Islamthe Five Pillars of Islam

8.8. What beliefs do Islam, Judaism, and Christianity What beliefs do Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share? share?

Abraham was a prophet of God.Abraham was a prophet of God.

9.9. Why did Muslims call Jews and Christians “people of Why did Muslims call Jews and Christians “people of the book”? the book”?

They had sacred writing similar to the Qur’an.They had sacred writing similar to the Qur’an.

8.8. What beliefs do Islam, Judaism, and What beliefs do Islam, Judaism, and Christianity share? Christianity share? Abraham was a prophet of God.Abraham was a prophet of God.

9.9. Why did Muslims call Jews and Christians Why did Muslims call Jews and Christians “people of the book”? “people of the book”? They had sacred writing similar to the They had sacred writing similar to the Qur’an.Qur’an.

10.10. How was the first caliph chosen? How was the first caliph chosen? He was elected by the peopleHe was elected by the people

11.11. Why did the first caliphs begin a military Why did the first caliphs begin a military conquest of other regions? conquest of other regions? They wanted to spread the religion of They wanted to spread the religion of Islam.Islam.

10.10. How was the first caliph chosen? How was the first caliph chosen? He was elected by the peopleHe was elected by the people

11.11. Why did the first caliphs begin a military Why did the first caliphs begin a military conquest of other regions? conquest of other regions? They wanted to spread the religion of They wanted to spread the religion of Islam.Islam.

12.12. Why did many people under Muslim rule Why did many people under Muslim rule convert to Islam?convert to Islam?They were attracted to Islam’s They were attracted to Islam’s message.message.

13.13. Why did the Muslim community split?Why did the Muslim community split?Some Muslims refused to accept Some Muslims refused to accept Umayyad rule.Umayyad rule.

12.12. Why did many people under Muslim rule convert to Why did many people under Muslim rule convert to Islam?Islam?

They were attracted to Islam’s message.They were attracted to Islam’s message.

13.13. Why did the Muslim community split?Why did the Muslim community split?

Some Muslims refused to accept Umayyad rule.Some Muslims refused to accept Umayyad rule.

14.14. How can the Umayyads best be described?How can the Umayyads best be described?

They were worldly rulers who loved luxury.They were worldly rulers who loved luxury.

15.15. How did the pilgrimage to Mecca help unify the How did the pilgrimage to Mecca help unify the Muslim Empire?Muslim Empire?

People from all over the empire shared their People from all over the empire shared their languages and cultures.languages and cultures.

14.14. How can the Umayyads best be described?How can the Umayyads best be described?

They where worldly rulers who loved luxuryThey where worldly rulers who loved luxury

15.15. How did the pilgrimage to Mecca help unify the How did the pilgrimage to Mecca help unify the Muslim Empire?Muslim Empire?

People from all over the empire shared their People from all over the empire shared their languages and cultures.languages and cultures.

16.16. What happened to the last of the Umayyad leaders?What happened to the last of the Umayyad leaders?

Only one Umayyad leader escaped death and Only one Umayyad leader escaped death and fled to Spain.fled to Spain.

17.17. Who took control of the empire from the Umayyads?Who took control of the empire from the Umayyads?

the Abbasidsthe Abbasids

16.16. What happened to the last of the Umayyad leaders?What happened to the last of the Umayyad leaders?

Only one Umayyad leader escaped death and Only one Umayyad leader escaped death and fled to Spain.fled to Spain.

17.17. Who took control of the empire from the Umayyads?Who took control of the empire from the Umayyads?

the Abbasidsthe Abbasids

18.18. Why was the human form not used in Muslim art?Why was the human form not used in Muslim art?

Muslims believed the human form in art Muslims believed the human form in art distracted people from their faith.distracted people from their faith.

19.19. How did the ability to make paper affect the Muslim How did the ability to make paper affect the Muslim Empire?Empire?

Books allowed more people to gain and pass on Books allowed more people to gain and pass on knowledge, leading to a golden age.knowledge, leading to a golden age.

18.18. Why was the human form not used in Muslim art?Why was the human form not used in Muslim art?

Muslims believed the human form in art Muslims believed the human form in art distracted people from their faith.distracted people from their faith.

19.19. How did the ability to make paper affect the Muslim How did the ability to make paper affect the Muslim Empire?Empire?

Books allowed more people to gain and pass on Books allowed more people to gain and pass on knowledge, leading to a golden age.knowledge, leading to a golden age.

20.20. How did Omar Khayyam contribute to Muslim How did Omar Khayyam contribute to Muslim Civilization?Civilization?

He was a poet and a mathematician.He was a poet and a mathematician.

21.21. What were some of the contributions of Muslim What were some of the contributions of Muslim scholars to math during the Abbasid period?scholars to math during the Abbasid period?

Arabic numbering systemArabic numbering system

20.20. How did Omar Khayyam contribute to Muslim How did Omar Khayyam contribute to Muslim Civilization?Civilization?

He was a poet and a mathematician.He was a poet and a mathematician.

21.21. What were some of the contributions of Muslim What were some of the contributions of Muslim scholars to math during the Abbasid period?scholars to math during the Abbasid period?

Arabic numbering systemArabic numbering system

22.22. Why might the Fatimids believe they should be the Why might the Fatimids believe they should be the legitimate caliphs? legitimate caliphs?

They claimed to be direct descendants of They claimed to be direct descendants of Muhammad.Muhammad.

23.23. How did the caliphs of CHow did the caliphs of Córdoba feel towards the órdoba feel towards the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad?Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad?

They wanted to outshine the glory of Baghdad.They wanted to outshine the glory of Baghdad.

22.22. Why might the Fatimids believe they should be Why might the Fatimids believe they should be the legitimate caliphs? the legitimate caliphs? They claimed to be direct descendants of They claimed to be direct descendants of Muhammad.Muhammad.

23.23. How did the caliphs of CHow did the caliphs of Córdoba feel towards the órdoba feel towards the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad?Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad?They wanted to outshine the glory of They wanted to outshine the glory of Baghdad.Baghdad.

24.24. Why do you think so many scholars came to the Why do you think so many scholars came to the city of Ccity of Córdoba?órdoba?It was a major cultural center, with many It was a major cultural center, with many libraries.libraries.

25.25. What contributed to the decline of al-Andalus?What contributed to the decline of al-Andalus?Muslim factions fought for control of al-Muslim factions fought for control of al-Andalus.Andalus.

26.26. Where is CWhere is Córdoba located?órdoba located?

on the Iberian Peninsulaon the Iberian Peninsula

27.27. In which direction would you travel to get from Baghdad to In which direction would you travel to get from Baghdad to Córdoba?Córdoba?

westwest

28.28. What cities might a pilgrim from Córdoba pass through on the What cities might a pilgrim from Córdoba pass through on the way to Mecca?way to Mecca?

Cairo, Kairouan, TripoliCairo, Kairouan, Tripoli

29.29. Why was the Mediterranean Sea important to the Muslim Why was the Mediterranean Sea important to the Muslim Empire?Empire?

It provided a sea route between the eastern and western It provided a sea route between the eastern and western parts of the empire.parts of the empire.

30.30. Why might the Christian forces in Europe want to defeat the Why might the Christian forces in Europe want to defeat the Umayyads in Spain?Umayyads in Spain?

Muslims were threatening to move into France.Muslims were threatening to move into France.

31.31. When did the Umayyads take power?When did the Umayyads take power?

661661

32.32. When did Muslim science and medicine When did Muslim science and medicine flourish?flourish?

1000s1000s

33.33. When did the Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad?When did the Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad?

10551055

34.34. How long did the Umayyads rule?How long did the Umayyads rule?

89 years89 years

35.35. When did the Abbasid dynasty come to an When did the Abbasid dynasty come to an end?end?

12581258