Tap chi Khoa hQc

tRIIB---SGV

Dai hoe sdi G0n11

Scientific Journal of Saigon University

TRudNG DAI Hoe SAI CONSAIGON UNIVERSITY

'` --i

MUC LUC

BiNH LUAN VAN HQC -NIEN SAN 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LITERARY REVIEWS - YEARBOOK OF 2016

Ldi n6i dau/ Foreword ..................................................................................................... 6

Tlfiu DIEM/ ARTICLES IN FOCUS

1. Nguy6n Minb Thuy6t Tich hop trong sach gifo khoa ngivvan mdiIntegration in ne\`- Literature textbooks .......... 7

2. Bdi M?nh Hdng D6 ngiv`'5n tr6] thinh man hgc phit tri6nn5ng lFc til du?-

For litera[ure [ci be a subi ec[ enhancingthinking abili=.

3. Nguy6nThanhThi C-Hid qpf trong chuorng trinh Ngti' van Phsthong Hip Qu6c - Trming hgp ding thankhio d6i `'di vi6c d6i mdi chuong trinh ngtr-in d \iit \-am

Ralinl standard in Korean high-schoolLricululn of literatura: A valuable exampleI-`¥ tbe imo`-ation of Vietnamese literature.ndculun

CH|`- Dl`-G `rlli`- `-_iT pERso`-.|LiTy PORTRAITS

4. L€}Iinb Qude

5. v-ulThing

6. DoanLeGiang

That- Tram HtiruL Ta - Met ngudi lii5n

Iran Huu Ta - A talented and righteousschoolmaster

Giio str Tram Hfu Ta va H©i Nghien crfu vaGiahg day Van hoe TP H6 Chi MinhProfessor Tran Huu Ta and HCMCAssociation of Researching and TeachingI_iterature

Tram nan hil'ong xa bay @9c ba thi tapcda nha tho'-nha gif o Nguy6n Khue)Far-reaching and long-lasting fragrance

(Reading three poetic collections by poet -teacher Nguyen Khue)

2

\-.i.` HQC VIET NAM/ VIETNAMESE LITERATURE

7. Nguy6n Quang Hung Cam quan hien thTc, con ngudi trong li6i pvan hgc Vi?t Nan giai dogn tdr sau 1975

The perceptibility of reality and hunarit}-inVietnamese literary memoirs after 1975 ................ __€:

8. ThfiThiphurongThao Ddis6ngtamlinh cflangudimi6nTrungtrong met s6 sang tfc cda Nguy6n MinhChau nhthg n5m 1980The spiritual life of the people in CentralVietnam through several Nguyen Minh Chau'sworks in 1980s

9. L6ThiNhi6n

10. Tram Thanh Tuan

11. Thich Phur6.c Bat

12. Thich Hanh TueThich Minh An

13. L6 Duong Khac Minh

14. Nguy6n Van Hoai

M©t vai phung di?n ngh? thuat trong h6iky each in?ng ctla Tram Huy Li?u tdr g6cnhin di6n ng6n

Some artistic aspects of Tran Huy Lieu'srevolutionary memoirs from the perspective ofdiscourse studies

"Dtr", "tuong", "cSng", "hqu", "tai",

nhing nhan tv nghe thuat trong tho' thiennhien ddt Tram"Dtree", "Tuong# ", "C¢ng# ", "Hqu5Z ","TaiE " as artistic keywords in nature poetry

of Tran dynasty

Tim hi6u tic phfm 77!¢m dj rfei.G'» gnyG'z

A stndry of Tham d6 hi6n quy

Tan - vf n d5 then ch6t cda van hgc Phatgif o D?i thha"Tan" (Heart) as key issue of Mahayana

Buddhist literature

Tim hi6u v5 cai ch6t cda cfc nhan vat trongmet s6 truyen truy6n ky trung d?i Vi?t NanDeath of the characters in medievalVietnamese marvel tales chuanqi ......................... 126

Nhing nguy6n tfc va thd phfp chuy6n thecda truy?n thor N6m: Truchg hop rr#j7€#Song TinhAdaptation principles and devices of Nomtales in verse: A case study of rc!/e a/So#g

138

15 LeQhLngTrwhg Phan Thanh Gian v6i nhthg d6ng gop vaovan hgc Him N6m Nan 8?Phan Thanh Gian and his contribution to Sino-Nom literature in southern vietnam .................... 154

16. `-gu?'6n Th! Bich Dao Nguy6n mm Ninh: met tai nang, met nhancf ch 16nNguyen Ham Ninh - a man of great talent andpersonality

17. La Mai Thi Cia

168

Lai%6cchi3nv::6E°;CpdhaanpgianNamB¢trongRole of Southern Vietnamese folklore in theperiodofAnti-FrenchResistancewar.................176

18. DangQu6cMinhDuong Tinhhaimat-in?tdactrungcdanhanvatcon vat tinh ranh trong truy?n dan gianDuality as specific feature of cunning animalcharacter in folktale

LY LUAN VAN HQC VA VAN HQC NU'dc NGOAI

LITERARY THEORY AND FOREIGN LITERATURES

19. Nguy5n Nan "D6ng A" -"ThTc th6" va "Phuong phap""East Asia" -"Reality" and "Method" ................. 199

20. Tram L6 Hoa Tranh Ti6u thuy6t ng6n tinh Trung Qu6c tai vi?tNan dudi g6c nhin van h6a dai chtingChinese yanqing xiaoshuo in Vietnam: Astudy from viewpoint of popular culture ........

21. LeNg9c phuong V8 cm d6 tinh dTc trong ti6u thuy6t cdaGabriel Gal.cia Marquez va Mario VargasLlosaTheme of Sexuality in Novels by Gabriel GarciaMarquez and Mario vargas Llosa ....................

22. Nguy6nNg9cBaoTram Gidithi?uthiphfphgcc6di6nArabIntroduction to Arabic Classical Poetics ....... „ .......... 230

23. Nguy6n Ding Hai

24. Bdi The Thtry Minh

Van d6 y tht'rc ca nhantrong rtry yjG„ !fei.!feo¢i. ctia Vi6n MaiTheIssue of Individual Conscience in Yuan Mei's Sz#.

yuan shi hua

So sanh tu tu6mg thi hoc cda Kin ThanhThan va Vi6n MaiA comparative study of Jim Shengtan's and YuanMei's poetic thoughts

4

VAN HQc _ NHA TRudrG; LITERATURE IN SCHOOL

25. Nguy6n H6ng Nan, Chuan nang ]\pc, chtrong trinh, cich dr viV6 Duy Binh each danh gif m6n ng6n ngtr Anh cia Hoa

Ky - bai hgc kinh nghi?in cho Vi?t NanModel competence, program, teaching andevaluating method of English language in the U.S-

anexperienced lesson for vietnam ....................-........ 270

26. Nguy6n phu6.c Bfo Kh6i D6 xuat qui trinh xfc dinh h? th6ngvan banngtr ]i?u trong sfch giio khoa trung hgc saunan 2018First attempt in proposing a process to selectmaterials for high school programmesandtextbooks after 2018 when dealing with literary

excerpts`:-. Nguy6n Th! Thu Hi5n Khai niem "Ho?t d©ng day hgc" trong d6i

mdi giio due hiSn nayConcept of "Teaching activity" in recentrenovating education

=S Nguy6n Thanh Trung Quan niem cda Northrop Frye v5 ng6n ngivva van hoe

Northrop Frye' Thought of language and litera...„ ..... 308

=9. DOC SACH/ BOOK REVIEW

30. THONG TIN HOAT DONG/ NEWS

TAP CHi KHOA Hoe DAI HOC SAI CON S6 22 (47) - Thang 12/2oi €

So sanh tu tr6'ng thi hgc ctla Kim Thanh Than vi Vien Mai

A Comparative Study of Jin Shengtan' s and Yuan Mei's Poetic Thoughts

Ths. Btii Thi Thdy MinhTurchgDaihocCinTho

M.A. Bui Thi Thuy MinhCan Tho University

T6m tat

Kim Thanh Thin va Vien Mai la hai nha ly luan c6 anh huchg doc bi?t d6n tu tuchg ly luanvia hoe c6 Trung Qu6c. Kin Thinh Thin dngc bi6t den vdi nhthg tde phil phe binh vantho, hi khic, trong lchi Vi6n Mai thi c6 nhing prat bi6u doc dao qua nhthg dchg vi6t trensach dung thi thoai. Tuy nhien, hai ngudi deu tren tinh thin chiu anh huing tu trao vin hcl-cu6iddiMinh,datvindetinhcamtrongsingtacvinchuonglenhingdsu.Balvi6tndychu

y6u bin ve nhthg di6m gi6ng nhau trong tu tuchg thi hQc cha Thinh Thin vi Vien Mai, thehi?n qu the 6 viec de cao tina linh, tinh cam trong sing tde, wh de ca tl'nh, tat ming cth ta=

gia.

Tic kh6a.. Kim Thanh Than, Vien Mai,thay6[ t{nh linh

Abstract

Jin Shengtan and Yun Mei are two theorists who had special influence on medieval ChinEgEliterary theory. Jin Shengtan was known as author of many critical works on prose, pcenEdrama and Yun Mei was famous with the original ideas expressed in his bodeSwfy2{c!#sfaJ.fo„ci (Poetry Remarks). Founding on late Ming Dynasty literary context. hShengtan and Yuni Mei stressed the emotion in literary creation. This article discusses desimilarities in their poetical theory through spirituality, emotion in creation, personali¢. an-talent of the witer.

Keywords: Jin Sheng[an, Yuan Mei, theory Of spirituality

Trong quyen Tky Vien thi thoqi rL6±ti6ng ctia minh, Vi6n Mai c6 khen tat thoctla Thinh Thin: " Kim Thalin Thin hayphs binh ti6u thuy6t men it ngudi bi6t dentat lint tho ctia 6ng; trong bat "772Ofc cJamz.G'3{" c6 nhthg cau tho that hay, thatthanh tuy?t nhu sau:

260

Ching hadng tiem di tich,Triing ur Ph¢t dien phi.Bdn song quan dq vti,Th dien qudi tang y

ITtry vien thi thoqi, Quy6n 1, [hoai

(Dich nghia: MQi [iang d©ng dd im, c6-trting bay 6 mat Ph©t. Ct[a s6 nda lthdy

BUI THI THUY MINH

v`i mum dam. Ban mat [urchg do sue treodiy.'

I. Chan tinh

Ca Kin Thth Thin va Vien Mat khibin v6 tho d6u dat via d6 chan t`inh lenhang din. Tu tuchg cda Thinh Thin vaVien Mai c6 rfu nhi6u di6m chiu inhhuchg trio luu tu tuchg cu6i ddt Minh,vi chng c6 nhi6u di6m ti6p nhin tngc ti6pth ly Chi. Kim Thinh Thin c6 the xemla ngudi d gitra hai phai Tinh linh va

phai Cach dieu, chti truong ly luan ciaca hai phal deu inh huchg sau sic denciuanri€mv€Duingthicha6ng`Ttongqua trinh luu truyin cde tac prfun phebinh, dac biet la sach Kim Thinh Thintuy6n phs tho Duchg, da s6 ngudi docctrfu i dan "Thay6t phan gidi " do 6ng daxuchg nd it quan tarn den tu tuchg thihQc ctia 6ng. That ra, "7%ay€'/pfed# gz.dz. "

chi la mat phil n6i dung trong he th6ngthi hoe cda Thalih Thin nd th6i. Heth6ng tr tuchg thi hQc cda Kim ThanhThin xuat phat ttr su phin tu d6i vdi lyluan thi hQc thdi Minh. Hoc gia TuchgD`to trong sbch Thawh scr thi chn d6iMinh dqi thi hQc dich phan tw who riangnhthg ngudi s6ng trong vao dau thdiThanh c6 nhfro thtrc tinh tfro d6i vdinhthg chi lun thi hoc thdi Minh. C6 thechia thi hoe thdi Minh lit 3 phuongdien khac nhau: m6 ph6ng phong each,hQc phai, gial tri rm tact`t.Ngudi thdiThanh so cho ring d6 cting la ly do laincho thi hoc thdi Minh di vao ng6 hep,sing tde thi ca hoa le nhung khong thpe

te, tinh hinh sing tac kh6ng bang thdiDuchg T6ng.

Cia chi ra ring, vao gitia thdi Minhda c6 met s6 vie nhin mu6n c6 sp thayd6idi?nmaothihocthikyndy,daidienc6 the k6 ra la H6 Ung Lan (1551-1602).

Ong la nha ly luen theo phai Cach dieucai luong, 6ng mu6n pha v6 dinh ki6nhoe phai, h5p thu nhthg tinh hoa cria cde

phai ly luin khac d6 hoin thiSn henthuy6t thi hoe cia phal Cach dieu. D6lin dieu nay, trong the loai thi thoai,sach 77zz. *c§'cj, 6ng dua ra ly luan thi hQc la"Phap ngo ket hay", cho ring: "Nhthg

ngu`ch \uan b`an v`e too sau th`o`i Hin,Duing, ta tan dac mat chtr Ivg¢ ctlaNghiem VI thdi T6ng, drqc crm Pffpcda hoc gia thdi Minh ly Hi6n Cat, dayc6 the xem la th kh6a trong truchg thienc6". H6 tJng Lit cthg giai thich Pfedp,Ivg¢ la gi. . .D6n thdi Thanh, cde hgc giacing di sau phan tu v6 thi hQc thdi Minh,m¢t bo phan nha nghien crfu thi hoe da

pha b6 dngc dinh ki6n v6 hoc phai, singlap men nhthg he th6ng tu tuchg thi hgcmdi. Kim Thinh Thin chinh la met trongnhthg ngudi nay, c6 gang b6 khuy6t chotu tuchg thi hoc thdi Minh.

Kim Thinh Thin hip thu nhiing tindthy ctia hoc phai Tinh linh, xem trQng

phuong thtrc sing fac tho ca ``d¢c rfutinh tinh". 6ng ting n6i: "Xua nay, viachuong phat ty tinh linh ctla chinh minh.lad nghe tin thuchg chung quanh, chiu apluc ngudi di trndc, din den kh6 thoatkh6i khu6n sao"(2). 6ng lai n6i: `.Lam th€

261

SC SANH Tl/ TUchG THI HOC COA KIMTHANHTHANVAVIENMAl

nao hap dind s6 cau chlf cth tho? Cdi gQi cuchg dieu h6a ithan t6 ca tinh, nhan tola tho, chind la trdi tim con ngudi bat tinh can trong pne bind tan ly. Di6u d6chgtnchethdym¢tanthanh.Kh6ngh6ichthgtophebinhrfutienlati6nglchgal cS tina mo hay gitia dem, ching ai cua nba phe binh. D6 china la su th6 hienbi6t drgc la c6 n6...Kh6ng c6 trai tim wh d6 tinh ca nhan cua nha phe binhbat d§ng, rna ti6ng n6i trai tim lai ngan mat cach sac ben, dth khoat, lie cho

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I,:£gcpp#v"Gfo£;#:#:„°CLbD£ ££ng::d¥:::i;;e:;?mu?;:;:;#:C;t::;:o;`:gTh nhu khi binh bai rf;'#gzd~„fo rr,.G„ sau d6 chi cia tap hgp sap xfo laiuiang /.od# ffo%png #gayG# cth in thai"'(5).Nhthg quan di6m nay r6 ringuE#=g. :.a°u:.n« %;Sty r%%C%n;%c"i%; I:,=_q=>ttr.:`=.=g+6tuT„ha?P ht24:nc=?^rarf ut%=n

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:¥g¥hi6nbE=¥o:g¥#gn£]¥mtY£#,F6:6£6:¥y8[faifa#hho¥cfa;h[£cam dac biet cde Kim Than Thin, Trfu linh thdi Minh. Vien Trung Dao,

262

Sol THI THUY MINH

ngudi thu©c phal C6ng an thdi Minhting n6i: "vi sing tde tho, hay ch6nhiing c6ng thtrc, cach n6i the nhin binhthuchg, tich cuc bi6n h6a, nhung rna lainhieu 16i kh6ng den lai dngc ciaxtic>Of6J. Kim Thinh Thin y thtrc dugcwh de nay, thong qua ting cuchg ningluc linh ngo, d© ham stic cia thi ca.

Duong nhien, chi trQng phuong dientinh cam cia tho bdi Kim Tlialih Thincho ring tinh cia la linh h6n ctla tho ca,di6u nay cing the hien d ch6 thi nhanding th, chQn canh. Trong phs binh, tathdy Kin Thinh Thin nhieu ch6 khen thinhin ding th c7z.€ai, khen 6 ch6 thi nhinchQn ding th d6 di6n dot h6t y ctia minh.Vi dy trong bat fJodng feqc /£": "C6nnhu cau 4 them vho "bach via", dieu dchi6 "c6 fl lch6ng y, c6 n6i kh6ng n6f' ..."nh Thin cho ring khi lint tho, kh6ngchi quan tin tinh cia n6ng sau, nd cchla d¢ bao quit rang hay hop. "Lain thokh6ng chi vi6t ra nhthg di6u ttr trai timminh, rna la n6i h¢ cho nhing ngudi c6cing tin trapg vdi minh. N6i len fain tuctia minh thi c6 the lil ngbi btit minhrot le; n6i dugc tarn trapg ctla nhthgngudi gi6ng minh, thi c6 the lain chongudi doc tho ctia ta rot nu6c mat"(7).Thinh Thin cho ring ng`rdi vdi ngudilit" tu'ong thong, c6 the lan truy6n tinhcan vdi nhau. Thi nhfro khi sing tic thonen chi y den nhthg tirong ding nay, detrinh gi6ng nhu phal Canh ling thdiMinh theo du6i c5i gQi la "U tinh donstic"(b6 bu¢c n6i long cho riengminh)met each hap hop.

Lich str nghien cifu tinh tinh, theo cdetrtr fac tri6t hoc Trung Qu6c c6 dai v6n

phil thinh hai phapi rfu d6 la tinh vatinh. Maph Th vdi Tinh thien luan, TuinTh vdi Tinh ac luen. Hit Du k6 tucthuy6t "Tarn phin" D6ng Trong Thu,cho ring tinh tinh la co sd cha tinh linh,tarn phil tinh drgc quy6t dinh bdi tarnphin tinh. rty Cao trong Pfegrc fz'#fe ffe"lai ti6n met buds de ra thuy6t "Tinh thi?ntinh ac", cho ring cai gQi la tinh, d6 lanhthg quan niem dao dtrc nhu Nhin,Nghi~a, L6, Tn', Tin; con tinh la phapi rfuding d6 chi nhing tinh cam, ny, n©, ai, 6ctla con ngudi. Vi€n Mai phin d6i thuy6tnay, cho ring : "Thuan tri tinh v6 khacau, tang cau chi vu tinh nhi", cai dugc

99i ia tinh tinh, thpe chat chi cai c6 rfetry ch cu the la f;#fo, chtr kh6ng phai lacai /z'#fe mat cach trfu tuQmg, di6u nay

quyet dinh hin n.chi~a ctia tinh tinh trongthuy6t tinh linh. Trong tryet dai da s6nhthg lan de cap den tinh linh ctla VienMai, hai ri tinh linh ding nghi~a vdi tinhtinh. Vi dy nhu trong 7ldy yz.G# ffez. f4o¢z.:" Thi gia: nhin chi tilih tinh da"; " thi

nan ky chin di. hthi tinh tinh nhi hauchin"...Trong rap fA;. j7frG'7co thi: "Duy

nga thi nhin, ching dieu phi tri. Dantinh tinh, bat trd via hQc". C6 the n6i, bakhal niem tinh tinh, tinh va tinh lilth lamot. Theo quan niem truy6n th6ng chaNho gia> chi trong Ccthi ng6n chi.' trychng di bao ham ca tinh ben trong,nhung tinh d6 la "Phat h6 tinh chi ho 16

nghia" theo nhthg quy phapi clap dtrc lyluan Nho gia chir kh6ng phai tinh ty

263

SO SANH TU TUONG THI HOC COA KIM THANH THAN VA VIEN MAl

nhien, tan linh; chi 6ao g6m quan nientrich nhi?in cia NIo gia `16 gia, tri qu6c,binh thien ha", thtrc t6, cfez' cthg la daoNho, #gG# cfez' va fciz. clap ve co bankh6ng c6 a khac biet. C6n chz' trong 772;.#gG7t chi' theo quan niem ctia Vien Maikhong bi ring bu©c, cau thdc cha 16nghia truyin th6ng, rna mang nghia latinh, hay cch gQi la tinh tinh. Tinh tinh lan¢i dung co bin ctla tho, d6ng thdi cthg

quy6t dind c6ng ming rfu y6u cha n6 lafac ding cda try cam doc the, muquichin tinh calm phat d©ng nhan tan. Dayla quan niSm nghe thuat c6 gia tri trongthuy6ttinhlinhcthVienMai.

Tu tuchg thi hoe cth Vien Mai batdauthchiutsingtaothica,nrfumanhba phuong di?n nd rfu the sing tao thica cia c6 d6 la: chin tinh, ca tiiih wh thifai. Dac biet, Vien Mai xem y6u t6"fjwfe" hay "fz'7efe f;7tfe" gin nhu la n¢i

ham di y6u ctla thuy6t tinh linh. Cac th"tinh", "tinh tinh'', "tinh linh" s;id dqu8

thay the cho nhau trong 7ldy yj.G# !fez.ffeoqz., y ngiv~a cha chthg nrfu tri khong

gi khac nhau, hai chi "fz'#fe f3#fo" duapstr dung nhi6u nhit Hai chi "fz'#fe fj7cfe "nay, trong tri6t hoc c6 Trung Qu6c con

phil ra thinh hai khdi niem fj'#fe v6 f37tfe.Vien Mai cho ring: "Thi gia, nhfro chitinh tinh di!" 6ng cho ring tinh linh,tinh tinlL va tinh cia con ngudi la m©t.Cach hi6u nay cda Vien Mai dngc moingudi don nhan kh6ng chi 6 Trung Qu6crna cch nhan duap su tri am d nhieuqu6c gia. Y nghia ti6n b¢ ctia tu tuchgvia hoc cde Vien Mai kh6ng chi bi6u

hi?n d thi luSn fz'wh /I.73fe ffe2g;Gf, rna cch

rfe hien quan di6m d cde phuong di?nkhac ctia van hoe th via luan den su phattrick cha van hQc, tic dung ctla via thev.v. Ong kh6ng de cao Hit hoe hayT6ng hQc thinh hinh thdi Thanh so, chitru'ong van kh6ng men chiu su hap chectia "clap th6ng", nen can ctr theo "ffez.G#tlnh sd trmchg" crfuz\ bhi thto. "di s&ulchai thdc sang tqo 6 m¢t phacrng dien" .6ng ch ra bien via, c6 vin the tai naocthg c6 cai hay d6 tug dqug: "Nfa3'f frynndt ng©, thien chi dqo de; hal tdn lrfu.bi6n, Jdn chi dqo da. Van chaong th6che, nha cdc trieu y quan, bat phchg nddi, ky ti8drng mqo c6 biet hal .tqi qd"prha Mao thi bat gia van tay6n). Onecho ring su phat tri6n ctla via chuongm6i rfe tat se c6 nguyen nhin thdi dai vadac trug rieng. D6ng thdi, 6ng chng choring thi ca va via chuong c6 su hthidqug rieng, thi ng6n chi rm tinh, van thiclap bin dtrc, vi the via chuong cingphai nha chinh, chi truong phuc c6, rna-"thi ha:u c6ng chay6t, nhi v6 kim c6"

(Ddp Tndm dqi tang bd ]u4n tpi the),kh6ng chi truong phuc c6 nd cau singtao cai mdi, kh6ng chiu su cau thtic m6nh¢ rna cia ti6p thu th ben ngoal. C6 thethdy tu tu6ng via hoe cha Vien Mai c6nhthg quan di6m rfu phat tri6n, c6 cm yphan biet c6ng ming qu the cda cac dapgthtrc via doc, vi vay c6 tic dung xungkich d6i vdi tu tfao hinh thtrc chtl nghiavaquanniemvanhQcchinhth6ngphongkich, c6 y ninia ti6n b¢ so vdi duongthdi. Kin Thinh Thin con chi trQngkhao sat tinh cam cha thi nhin di6n dat

264

BUI THI THUY MINH

ngay nhtrng ch6 v6 fry, chd trong ly giainoi dung ctia bai tho. Chti y den tarntrang ctla ngu6i lin tho d6 hi6u thochtr kh6ng chi la hi6u tho tren cau chtrthong thuchg.

V6 phuong dien van hoc, Vien Mai

phil d6i bat chu6c met cach mti quing,mia mai nhthg ngudi nhin mat ton singDuchg T6ng, coi ho la ke "mat ca qu6chieu, trong lchg kh6ng c6 ca tinh". 6ngcho ring tieu chuin cia tho la "hay"hoac "de", chri kh6ng phai "xua" hoac"nay", "hQc" r6i phai "bi6n h6a", "n6u

cia kh6ng duQc bi6n h6a, thi ail tao vatchng c6 cai dinh chiu". D6i v6i thuy6t"cdeh dieu", 6ng phs rfu gay git: "Tho

ha c6 each c6 dinh hay sao, cach cia

Qu6c phong khac vdi Nha, Tung, ldi cactia Cao wh khac ba trim bat trong Kz.„feffez. (thi tarn bach). 6ng n6i: "86n chi 6n,nhu, don, hau"ching qua la m©t mat ctlathcr ca, kh6ng the bat nao edng nhu vftyca. . .cho men t6i chi truong "hung, quan,

quin, oin" cha Kh6ng Th la ding tincay, con "6n, nhu, don, hau" la kh6ngding tin cay. Hoac gia cau nay ctiaKh6ng Th chng c6 n6i den, nhung ha chin6i mat mat rna th6i diu, phai lil saoOho th6a ding mdi duqc". Vien Mai conchain bi6m mia mat `tho hQc via" la"nh6i nhet sach dien, th khf day trang,

ut rna via khoe la sau r¢ng".

Tron8 Tky Vien thi thoqi 6m8 rfufbinh Vuong S? Trinh QTguy6n Dinh) chichd trong tu strc, chi khong chd trQngtinh tinh, ctr xem m6i lil 6ng den choi

nor nao chng c6 tho, trong the the naocthg diing di6n, di thay nhthig n6i \uibu6n, hch gian cda 6ng ta la kh6ng that...6ng cthg kh6ng bing long vdi thoVuong S? Trinh. Trong mat bai VinhNhac Phi, Vien Mai n6i:

Kh6ng theo khu6n sdo cck ngang tang,

Quanh g6i drchg nha sam gi6 vang.

T6i n6i van chaong, 6ng chi6n tr©n,

Nghiin thu nha met, chi hien

May cau d6 thing to ring tic gia cholil van phai "kheo van dung, c6t d longminh„.

Chi truong chinh v6 sing fac ciaVien Mai la de xuchg mieu fa "cand ng¢ctla tinh tinh", mieu fa cai linh cam chaca inin.

Chiu kh6 t`im tho s6 c6 tho,

T&m linh di6m dy chinh thdy ta.

Trdi td, c6 nhqt, b`inh thachg vat,

Ditng din d6u nan ve min md.

Ong mngn ldi crfua Duong Thinh Train6i: "chi c6 ngudi "hi6u cdi phong thti"`1a cai tinh linh" thi mdi la nha tho thien

tai. Cai g9i la thuy6t "tinh linh" chng tt[d6 rna ra. Chi truong ttr do chon thochng lien quan vdi chtl truong tren, thsmchi 6ng coi `Tho cung the" cthg la m©tcach rieng, kh6ng rfe bai xich.

Vien Mai dbi h6i giai ph6ng kh6i ringbu©c cda truy6n th6ng, d6i h6i rty dotrong vin hQc. Tu tuchg vin hoe ctiaVi€n Mai dinh thing vao quan niem vin

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SO SANH Tu TU'ONG " HOC COA KIM THANH THAN VA VIEN VAl

hoe chinh th6ng phong kien, c6 y nghiati6n b©. Nhung bin thin n6 chng c6 mat

phi6n dien. Th thuc ti6n sing tac ta thay6ng dya vao "linh cia nhay bch" bocbach nhthg canh ng¢ tinh tinh ctia 6ng,thuchg la than th6 chuyen vun vat trongcu¢c sang va ca vinh phong hoa tuyetnguyet, thi6u n©i dung tu tuchg lch.phong cach tho 6ng c6 phil chai chu6t,bay buch.

Tu tuchg la ngQn du6c soi duchg chong6n luan ctia mat ngudi, n6u mat ngu6ichiu su gidi hay ctia tu tuchg truyenth6ng lac hau Itch sdi tr6i bu©c, se kh6ngdin c6 sing tao. Vien Mai ca d6i hinhsu theo tinh linh, tu tuchg kh6ng gi6ngngudi khac, doc lap d§c hanh, khong tinvao Trinh Chu, chi mu6n c6 thanh tqutrong via hQc.

2. Ca tinh

D6n thdi dai Cia Long, Tham DtrcTi6m de xu6ng "Thuy6t cach dieu" lay6n nhu don hau lil chuin muc; Ongphuong cuong de xuchg "Thuy6t coly", vtra trong hoc via vtra trong nchialy. X6t rfu b6 ngoai thi met ngudinghieng v6 Duchg, met ngudi nchiengv6 T6ng, nhung ky that thi kh6ng c6 gikhac hen v6 su de xuchg "nho nha" detr6i bu§c ca tinh. Trong khi d6, traingugc vdi di truong cia hai ngudi tren,chinh la "Thuy6t tinh linh" do Vien Maid6 xuchg. Vien Mai trong bai ThanhThuy6t, 6ng n6i r6 tinh thich vat chat,thich sac d?p la dyc vong cha con ngudi.

Vdy trach nhiem ctla `thinh nhin" la

phai thoa man nhthg duo vong d6 chacon ngudi m¢t each cia thi6t. Chitruong v6 thi ca ctla Vien Mai, dai de la

phuc hung lai ly luan cda phai C6ng an,ttrc chti y6u la nhin maph su boc 1¢ tinhtinh mat each tu nhien, trong thi su mu vic6 tinh nhe nhing, kh6n ngoan va sinhd¢n8.

Thanh Thin, Vien Mai de cao thuy6ttinh linh phil d6i tu tuchg via nghe cdaphai Phuc c6. Tndc thai Minh, sau khinh6m That ttr xuchg clap chi ngha phucc6 "van tat Tin Hit, thi tit thinhDuchg" da dem lai hau qua nghiemtrong cho sing tac van nth?, lin choviec sing fac m6 phong ctia via nhandin di vao hem qut. ny chat trong thuy6tD6ng tin b`inh kich tu tuchg nay mateach sau sac: "Thi ha tic c6 (tuy6n), viaha tat Tien Tin", chi cia vi6t ra dngc cat"D6ng tin" la c6 the c6 met tac phin

hay. Phai C6ng an phat huy tu tuchg ctia

rty Chat, d6 ra met crfe "Bi6n", chi raring m6i thai dai deu c6 dac di6m vanhQc rieng, tat y6u phai c6 tinh sing toomdi c6 duap tde phil c6 8ia tri. Bdi thivia deu the hien tinh linh, rna tinh linhm5i ca nhan khac biet nhau, ngudi 6 thaidai khac nhau cGng kh6ng gi6ng nhau,cho nen nguyen tic binh tac pham vimchuong kh6ng the can ctr vao thdi dai,rna dya tren c6 the vi6t ra chan tinh linhhay khong. Trong thuy6t tinh linh VienMai inic nhi6u den tinh t`in, thquc ra n6itinh tinh chng la n6i den ca tinh. Thi

266

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nrfu phai c6 ca tinh rieng, the hi?n tich sac d?p la tuc but; n6u ta c6 thanh ntr laldy rieng cha ca nhan thi nhan v6 cac loi thi la ac but; tat phai ta su ngay tho

phacing dien ngh§ thuaf cu©c sang sinb m6l la dj?u biit. Ma-n6u ta s;nga; teai4ci?/ Z%zrfcj7zg rff7z7y; Zzr zzfag; rj¢ cZpz q2? ccjf7 ZZzznd z7r7 md C2; diand flrj' ¢r 4Io spr

thin my d¢c lap, c6 the phap nth? thuatphil inh d6i tugng trfu tinh dac trug, ttrd6 mdi c6 ut sing tap nen tac phin dgivbiet. Vien Mai chi trLrong thi nhin phalc6 ca tinh r5 net, nghe thuat the hien phaiduap ca tinh h6a hoac phai c6 tinh singtap, ca t`ng sing tac `iinh linh doc xuat",hogiv "doc fa tinh linh". Nhin m¢t cachcue b¢, `tinh linh" mang nghia la "catinh", nhin toil cuc thi ca tinh luSn lamet b© phan kh6ng the thi6u ctla thuy6ttinh linh. Thi fai luan trong thuy6t tinhlinh cda Vien Mai vtra ut hien dac sacthuy6t tinh linh thdi Thanh, d6ng thdicthg the hien nhthg b6 sung, hoin thien`'a la met dac tnmg quan trong de phin•=iet vcr chThg nha tinh linh khhc.

Cing met su vat, cing met phongcanh, tin trapg nhu nhau thi lil the naovi6t dugc nhthg di6u the hien dugc binsac rieng, khong gi6ng nhthg ngudikhac cda minh thi phai c6 met lua chon

96c d© ti6p nhan t6t. Trong bai Tao thuqua Long wh rty tuchg quan thu trai(Vuong Kien): "Th son ting thi tat phaita noi de ruqu cha ting, ta rty nhan tatphai ta cai phic hau ctia ngudi dep, th tatphai ta th nhthg cu©c sin bin, th v6quan thi phai ta thd doc sach ca 6ng ta,lit ngugc lad bin sac ctla su viec, dekhing dinh nhthg gia tri tuyet vdi ctiabin thin su viec d6." Bat xuin tinhOvlal Hay Nhien): "Th than rfu rna ta

ngfty tho thi lai tuc but;ngudi khac n6i v6su ngay tho ctia thanh rfu la ac but; rfu

phai ta su ngay tho nhung kh6ng n6ingay tho, d6 la dieu btit. Bai tho naythuin ta v6 su ngfty tho nhung duchgnhu kh6ng c6 y ta su ngdy tho, that ladieu but.„

v6 ttr phap, ngoai viec ding rty qdy dch6 di6n dat dugc y nghia, lan truyintinh cam ra, Kim Thinh Thin con cuchgdieu su tinh luy?n trong each ding ty,ding th, mu6n dat den d¢ tinh dieu. 6ngtin bai Trdng duong (Cao Thich): " Xem6ng chi la bac lao nien, hoap chuy6t, giabin, 1© vi6n b6n th nay, nhLmg 6ng laituyet vdi thay de bang b6n s6"bach","tarn"," ngti","nhat", larmgudi ta

khi doc den s6 c6 mat cia gide nhu clanglac vao ring sau, urn tin, cdy c6i daydac." Tin 6n Dinh Quin, phil ti6n giaibai Qut Trio Lam m§: "Khong bi6t dybut the nao, bang trong cau chen vho haicha `phieu linh'hai cau 14 crfe bay gidnhu chi con la hai chtr rna th6i."

3. HQc van

Ti6p theo d6, Kin Thinh Thin choring thi nhin n6u mu6n c6 ning lps linhng© thiu su6t, phai c6 trinh d© hQc viatham hau: "Chi c6 tho Duchg luat m6ith6 hien dugc n6i long, trinh d© hoe via.86n cau diu mat bai tho Duing luat vi6tttr tin tu, tinh cin nha tho, b6n cau sau

267

sO SANH TU' TU'ONG THI HQC COA KIM THANH THAN VA VIEN MAl

the hien h9c via. HQc via kh6n8 th6ikh6ng the hoin thalih dngc mdy cau chtrnay dau." Di6u dngc gQi la "lay hQc vialil tho" 6 day khong gi6ng quan di6mcda phai thi hoc Giang Tay thdi T6ng,

phai Giang Tay cho ring: "Khong cauchtr nao rna lad kh6ng c6 ngu6n g6c xuatxtr." Thinh Thin cho ring: "HQc viakh6ng thai kh6ng the hoin thinh dugcmay cau chtr nay dau."

Theo Kim Thalih Thin, hQc via thatsu la tinh thin va y chi in chtra trong cauchtr. Thinh Thin chng ting n6i: "Ngudithdi Duchg y ttr sau xa btit luc day dgiv,cho men m©t bai tho lust c6 de phinthinh tick gial vi hSu giai. Ma nhthgcau chi trong bai tho nhu ut nay phai langudi doc van quy6n m6i c6 the str d\ngduQc, cho men ngudi nay doc nhiing bainay, cing kh6 rna nhin thay diu innhiing ch6 khdi phuc. Ngudi nay chuating doc van quy6n, cho nen khi xem thoDuchg lust I?i kh6ng thay nhmg ch6khdi phuc dy duQc .... cho men kh6 s6 dehQc lain theo nhthg bat tho nay"(8).Ngudi c6 dugc trinh d© hQc vim mdi c6the c6 suc cia ng¢ thau thoat.

Day chng la mat bo phan quan trongciu thanh n©i ham thuy6t tinh linh. Diemkhac biet vdi phal C6ng an la nhin maph

phuong dien hoe via, ngoal chin cchcuchg di¢u nha. Trong 7lto/ yz.G# £fej.ffoo¢z., "Thi nan ky chin da, hthi tinh tinhnhi hau chan, phi tac phu di6n thalih via

ny". Vien Mai nhin ngnh hQc thtrc 6 dftykh6n8 phai h9c de van dqug khao cthi

vao thi van, rna hoc vfro de trau d6i tainang, nhan thtrc d6 the hien tinh tinh t6then. That ra. Vien Mai khi luan v6 viade tu duchg thi, hQc, thtrc cia m6i thinhin trQng di6m c6 ve chng kh6ng th6ngnhat, nhung thoc chat la c6 m6i quan hetuong h6, n6i r6 cho nhau. Trong 7ldyy!.G;7 frfez. frfeo¢z., quy6n 3 c6 vi6t: "Tac sti

tarn truing, fai, hQc, thtrc, khuy6t nhatbat kha, du vi thi diec nhu chi, nhi thtrct6i vi tien. Phi thtrc, tac tai di hoe qu ng§dung ny." 0 diy mu6n n6i, thi nhin phai"ning ting nhan nhi bat tuin nhan", c6

nghia la gi6i bi6t hoc h6i cai hay ttrngudi tndc, nhung phai c6 kha mingsing tap ctia rieng minh. Cting trong 7ldyyz.G72 ffez. £rfeo¢!., quy6n 13 vi6t: "The nhan

sd di bat nhu c6 nhan da, vi ky hungtrung thu thai thi6u, nga b6i sd di bde nhuc6 vin gia, vi ky hung trug thu thai da...D©c thu nhu thuc phap, thien thuc giatruchg tinh thin, bat thien thpe gia sinhtat benh." Trong 7fty 7rz.G# ffez. ffeo¢z. nhan

dinh: "mfu tinh tinh tat hrfu cach lust,cach luat bat tai tinh tinh ngoai", thuy6ttinh linh cha Vien Mai ti6n len them metbu6c so vdi phdi C6ng an, khi dua ranhthg phs phin sau sac d6i vdi thuy6tcach dieu ctia Thin Dtrc Ti6m, 6ngkh6ng phi nhan tuyet d6i vai fro chacach lust, rna se linh hoot thay d6i theotinh tinh ctla via nhan. Vien Mai Ohoring cthg phai hQc tap nhthg sing fac thc6 nhin, nhung kh6ng men ne c6, rna

phal lay xuat phat di6m co bin ttr tinhlinh cia bin thin minh. D6i vdi viec hQctap, Vien Mai cm truong da su: "Thi6u

268

BUI THI THUY MINH

Ling van: da su thi nga su, phi chi khasu chi nhin nhi su chi de, th6n ding inucthu, nhat ng6n nhat ti6u giai ng6 chi su".

Tim hi6u quan niSm thi ca cia KinrThain rThin va v.len Man de th d6 hieu

hen v6 chich quan ri?in ctia ha rfua pifebinh n6i ti6ng nay,they duQc nhthg d6ng

96p va cach tan, hien dai trong tu tuchg;ding thdi c6 cai nhin dbng hen van dqugding hen phuong phap phe binh via hQcTrung Qu6c c6 dai.

• Chd thich

(1) Tuchg Dan (2006)"Thanh scr ihi dan d6iMinh dqi lhi hQc dich phdn tu'', Van hQc di

sd#, s6 2.2006.

(2) Kin Thanh Than (1985), g#d#fJooD"d#gphe DLichg tai hi thi, Nguyen Chdn (QuaHodi DurcJng ldu tr`inh lhaprlg phi chiNghi6rn Tut Kh6ng lau tqi Giang Liing ti6[

d¢ sdi trqch b&c ngdu) phe ngiv, Kirm Thdnh

7ljid# /od# f¢-p,4, Giang T6 c6 tich xuat banxa, Giang T6, tr.284.

(3) Kin Thanh Than, jvgr di#A VGH g#4H, DfrHcka Thanh Tap chi Chi6t, Kim Thdnh Thantoan tap,4. tr.39 .

(4) Kin Thanh Thin, Ng" diMh van qtidM, Di}Th&m Phacrng Tut Vinh Khoi, tr .42.

(5) Rim Thinh Thin, Ngr¢. d}"fo van qt¢d", Do=thi chi vi, tr A3 .

(6) Vi€n TTung Oap (1989),Ky Tao Dgj ThanT6n sinh, Kha Tuy6t Trai tap. Thaqug Ha.Ic6 tich xuat ban xa, Thuqug Hal, tr.1029.

(7) Kin Thinh Than, Ivgor d!#A vd# qwci#, D*Hha Thdng Ni6n, tr. 44.

(8) Kin Thinh Than (]985), Ivgr a;#4 vdHqudn, Ddp Man Khayig Chl Van K`i. Kim7lfid#A 7lfoci# /od# /dp,4,Giang T6 c6 t!ch

xuat bin xa,Giang T6, tr.47.

Nhanbalngay: 01/11/2016 Bientapxong: o5/12/2016 Duy?tdang: 1o/12/2016

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