daftar pustaka 1. barrios rj, kheradmand f, batts l, cory db

21
49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB. Asthma pathology and pathophysiology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006; 130 (4) : 447-450 2. Blackwell DL, Collins JG, Coles R. Summary health statistic for U.S. adults : National Health Interview Survey, 1997. Vital Health Stat 10.2002 May(205):1-109 3. Bateman ED, Hurd SS, Barnes PJ, et al. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur Respir J 2008;31:14378. 4. Dursun AB, Sin BA., Dursun E, Misirligil Z. Clinical aspects of the link between chronic sinonasal diseases and asthma.Allergy Asthma Proc 2006;27(6):510-5 5. Bresciani M, Paradis L, Des Roches A, et al. Rhinosinusitis in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:73-80, 2001. 6. Yunus F. The Asthma Control Test, A new tool to improve the quality of asthma management. Dalam: Suryanto E, Suradi, Reviono, Rima A, Widysanto A, Widiyawati, editors. Preceeding Book Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia. 1st ed. Surakarta: Indah Comp 2005, 361. 7. ten Brinke A., Sterk P.J., Masclee A.A.M. et al. Risk factor of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma. Eur Respir Journal 2005; (26) : 812-818. Available from : www.ersj.org.uk 8. Rr. Vetria. Hubungan Rinosinusitis Dengan Serangan Asma Pada Anak [tesis]. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2012 9. Lin et al. Association between severity of asthma and degree of chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011; 25 (4): 205-208. Available from : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3390198/ 10. Schleimer RT et al. Relationship Between Severity Of Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis, Asthma, and Atopy. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009; 23: 145- 148. Available from : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com 11. Departemen Kesehatan. Asma di Indonesia. http://www.depkes.co.id

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Page 1: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

49

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB. Asthma pathology and

pathophysiology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006; 130 (4) : 447-450

2. Blackwell DL, Collins JG, Coles R. Summary health statistic for U.S.

adults : National Health Interview Survey, 1997. Vital Health Stat 10.2002

May(205):1-109

3. Bateman ED, Hurd SS, Barnes PJ, et al. Global strategy for asthma

management and prevention: GINA executive summary. Eur Respir J

2008;31:143–78.

4. Dursun AB, Sin BA., Dursun E, Misirligil Z. Clinical aspects of the link

between chronic sinonasal diseases and asthma.Allergy Asthma Proc

2006;27(6):510-5

5. Bresciani M, Paradis L, Des Roches A, et al. Rhinosinusitis in severe

asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:73-80, 2001.

6. Yunus F. The Asthma Control Test, A new tool to improve the quality of

asthma management. Dalam: Suryanto E, Suradi, Reviono, Rima A,

Widysanto A, Widiyawati, editors. Preceeding Book Perhimpunan Dokter

Paru Indonesia. 1st ed. Surakarta: Indah Comp 2005, 361.

7. ten Brinke A., Sterk P.J., Masclee A.A.M. et al. Risk factor of frequent

exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma. Eur Respir Journal 2005; (26) :

812-818. Available from : www.ersj.org.uk

8. Rr. Vetria. Hubungan Rinosinusitis Dengan Serangan Asma Pada Anak

[tesis]. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2012

9. Lin et al. Association between severity of asthma and degree of chronic

rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011; 25 (4): 205-208. Available

from : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3390198/

10. Schleimer RT et al. Relationship Between Severity Of Rhinosinusitis and

Nasal Polyposis, Asthma, and Atopy. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009; 23: 145-

148. Available from : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com

11. Departemen Kesehatan. Asma di Indonesia. http://www.depkes.co.id

Page 2: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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12. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Global initiative

for asthma (GINA) 2011. Downloaded from www.ginasthma.org

13. Section 2, definition ,pathophysiology and pathogenesis of asthma, and

natural history of asthma [homepage on internet].c2007[updated 2007 Aug

28; cited 2011 Jan 12].

Available from :

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/03_sec_sec2_def.pdf.

14. Baratawidjaja KG, Soebaryo RW, Kartasasmita CB, Suprihati, Sundaru H,

Siregar sp, et al. Allergy and asthma, The scenario in Indonesia. In Shaikh

WA. Editor. Principles and practice of tropical allergy and asthma.

Mumbai: Vikash Medical Publishers; 2006.707-36.

15. Images available from : www.chestnet.org

16. Sundaru H, Asma Bronkial. Dalam: Alwi , Setiati S, Sudoyo AW,

Simadibrata KM . Eds. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam jilid I. Edisi V.

Jakarta : Interna Publishing; 2010. hal. 404-406.

17. Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of

Asthma. National Heart, Lung and Blood institute. National Asthma

Education and Prevention Program. Full Report 2007.

www.nhlbi.nib.gov/guidelines/asthsumm.htr.

18. Dixon A E, Kaminsky DA, Holbrook JT, Wise RA,Shade DM, Irvin CG.

Allergic rhinitis and sinusitis in asthma:differential effects on symptoms

and pulmonary function .Chest 2006; 130(2):429-35. Available from :

www.chestnet.org

19. Benninger MS, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, et al. Adult Chronic

Rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology.

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003; 129: 1 – 32.

20. Bachert C., Patou J., Cauwanberge P.V. The role of sinus disease in

asthma. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2006;

6:29-36.

Page 3: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

51

21. Hilty M, Burke C, Pedro H, Cardenas P, Bush A, Bossley C, et al.

Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways. Plos One.

2010;5(1):e8578

22. Endang Mangunkusumo, N Rifki. Sinusitis. Dalam :Soepardi EA, Iskandar

NH (eds). Buku Ajar Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL,edisi 5. Jakarta: Balai

Penerbit FKUI;2001.hal 120-4

23. Meltzer E.O., Hamilos D.L., Hadley J.A. et al. Rinosinusitis : establishing

definitions for clinical research and patient care. Otolaryngology Head

Neck Surgery. 2004; 131:S1-S62.

24. ten Brinke A., Sterk P.J., Masclee A.A.M et al. Chronic sinusitis in severe

asthma is related to sputum eoshinophilia . J. Allergy Clin Immunol

.2002; 109 : 621-626.

25. Fokkens W, Lund V, Mullol J. European position paper on rhinosinusitis

and nasal polyps. Rhinology 2012; l20:5-111.

26. Pola Penyakit 50 Peringkat Utama Menurut DTD Pasien Rawat Jalan Di

Rumah Sakit Indonesia Tahun 2003. Depkes RI

27. Pusponegoro H.D, Wirya I.G.N.,Pudjiadi A.H., et al. Uji Diagnostik dalam

Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis.

Jakarta : CV Sagung Seto; 2004

28. Lavoie KL, Bacon SL, Labrecque M, Cartier A, Ditto B. Higher BMI is

associated with worse asthma control and quality of life but not asthma

severity. Respir Med 2006;100:648-57.

Page 4: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Tes Kontrol Asma

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Lampiran 2. Informed Consent

Judul penelitian : Hubungan Rinosinusitis Kronik Dengan Tingkat

Kontrol Asma

Peneliti : Alissa Yunitasari

Persetujuan Setelah Penjelasan

(INFORMED CONSENT)

Peneliti tersebut di atas adalah Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Diponegoro yang melakukan penelitian dengan tujuan mengetahui

hubungan antara rinosinusitis kronik dengan tingkat kontrol asma.

Peneliti akan mewawancarai responden. Peneliti menjamin kerahasiaan

identitas dan informasi yang diberikan, informasi tersebut hanya digunakan untuk

kepentingan penelitian serta pengembangan ilmu kedokteran.

Terimakasih atas kerjasama Bapak/Ibu.

Setelah membaca, mendengar, dan memahami penjelasan penelitian,

dengan ini Saya menyatakan :

SETUJU/TIDAK SETUJU

Semarang,...........................

Mengetahui,

...................................................

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KUESIONER PENELITIAN

HUBUNGAN RINOSINUSITIS KRONIK DENGAN

TINGKAT KONTROL ASMA

I. Identitas Responden

1. No. Rekam medik :

2. Nama :

3. Umur :

4. Pendidikan terakhir :

5. Alamat lengkap :

6. Nomor telepon :

7. Berat badan : ....... kg Tinggi badan : ......cm

8. IMT* :

*diisi oleh peneliti

II. Kuesioner Rinosinusitis Kronik

Pertanyaan Ya Tidak

Keluhan pilek >12minggu/ 3bulan terakhir

Gejala Mayor

Nyeri sinus

Hidung tesumbat

Ingus purulen

Cairan mengalir di sekitar belakang hidung/ postnasal-drip

Gangguan penghidu

Gejala Minor

Nyeri kepala

Nyeri geraham

Nyeri telinga

Batuk

Demam

Halitosis/ nafas berbau

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III. Kuesioner Rinitis Alergi

Pertanyaan Ya Tidak

1. Apakah Anda memiliki gejala dibawah ini

Gangguan pada salah satu sisi hidung

Perdarahan hidung berulang

Cairan mengalir di sekitar belakang hidung

Nyeri wajah*

Pilek dengan ingus kental*

Gangguan penciuman*

2.Apakah Anda memiliki gejala dibawah ini kurang lebih selama 1

jam dalam sehari (atau beberapa hari pada musim tertentu)

Hidung berair

Bersin-bersin

Hidung tersumbat

Gatal pada hidung

Mata merah dan gatal

IV. Kepatuhan berobat

1. Apakah Anda telah menggunakan obat asma sesuai dengan anjuran dan

resep dokter?

2. Apakah cara Anda menggunakan obat asma telah sesuai dengan petunjuk

yang diberikan oleh dokter ?

3. Apakah Anda rutin memeriksakan diri secara teratur ?

4. Apakah Anda rutin menggunakan obat asma setiap hari-nya?

Page 8: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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V. Tes Kontrol Asma

Silahkan lingkari ( ) salah satu jawaban pada nomor yang tertera sesuai dengan

kondisi asma Anda.

(1) Dalam 4 minggu terakhir seberapa sering penyakit asma mengganggu Anda

untuk melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari di kantor, di sekolah, atau di rumah ?

(2) Dalam 4 minggu terakhir seberapa sering Anda mengalami sesak napas ?

(3) Dalam 4 minggu terakhir seberapa sering gejala asma ( bengek, batuk-batuk,

sesak napas, nyeri dada atau rasa tertekan di dada) menyebabkan Anda

terbangun di malam hari atau terbangun lebih awal dari biasanya ?

(4) Dalam 4 minggu terakhir berapa kali Anda menggunakan obat semprot atau obat

minum (tablet/sirup) untuk melegakan pernapasan ?

Selalu

1

Sering

2

Kadang-

kadang 3

Jarang

4

Tidak

Pernah 5

Selalu

1

Sering

2

Kadang-

kadang 3

Jarang

4

Tidak

Pernah 5

4 kali/lebih

dalam

seminggu 1

2-3 kali

seminggu

2

1 kali

seminggu

3

1-2 kali

sebulan

4

Tidak

Pernah

5

3 kali / lebih

dalam

Sehari 1

1-2 kali sehari

2

2-3 kali

seminggu

3

1 kali

seminggu/

kurang 4

Tidak

pernah

5

Page 9: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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Lampiran 4. Informed Consent

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Lampiran 5. Surat permohonan ijin peminjaman rekam medik

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Lampiran 6. Surat ijin peminjaman rekam medik

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Lampiran 7. Surat ketersediaan DPJP

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Lampiran 8. Hasil Uji SPSS

Frequency Table Jenis Kelamin

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid Laki-laki 25 28,1 28,1 28,1

Perempuan 64 71,9 71,9 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Usia Responden

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid 13-24 14 15,7 15,7 15,7

25-36 14 15,7 15,7 31,5

37-48 16 18,0 18,0 49,4

49-60 45 50,6 50,6 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Tingkat Pendidikan

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak Sekolah 2 2,2 2,2 2,2

SD 7 7,9 7,9 10,1

SMP 12 13,5 13,5 23,6

SMA 41 46,1 46,1 69,7

Page 14: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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D2 1 1,1 1,1 70,8

D3 9 10,1 10,1 80,9

S1 16 18,0 18,0 98,9

S2 1 1,1 1,1 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Status Rhinosinusitis Kronik

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid Negatif 47 52,8 52,8 52,8

Positif 42 47,2 47,2 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Status Rhinitis Alergi

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid Negatif 55 61,8 61,8 61,8

Positif 34 38,2 38,2 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Index Masa Tubuh

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid Underweight 9 10,1 10,1 10,1

52 58,4 58,4 68,5

Page 15: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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Normal

Overweight 21 23,6 23,6 92,1

Obesitas 7 7,9 7,9 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Tingkat Kontrol Asma

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak Terkontrol 51 57,3 57,3 57,3

Terkontrol Sebagian 21 23,6 23,6 80,9

Terkontrol Penuh 17 19,1 19,1 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Tingkat Kepatuhan Berobat

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid Tidak Patuh 51 57,3 57,3 57,3

Patuh 38 42,7 42,7 100,0

Total 89 100,0 100,0

Page 16: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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Crosstabs Index Masa Tubuh * Tingkat Kontrol Asma Crosstabulation

Tingkat Kontrol Asma Total

Tidak Terkontrol

Terkontrol Sebagian

Terkontrol Penuh

Index Masa Tubuh

Underweight 4 2 3 9

Normal 32 11 9 52

Overweight 11 6 4 21

Obesitas 4 2 1 7

Total 51 21 17 89

Chi-Square Tests

Value Df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 2,071(a) 6 ,913

Likelihood Ratio 1,913 6 ,927 Linear-by-Linear Association

,136 1 ,713

N of Valid Cases 89

a 7 cells (58,3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1,34. Symmetric Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx. Sig.

Interval by Interval Pearson's R -,039 ,108 -,366 ,715(c)

Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -,021 ,109 -,194 ,846(c)

N of Valid Cases 89

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Based on normal approximation.

Page 17: DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Barrios RJ, Kheradmand F, Batts L, Cory DB

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Index Masa Tubuh * Tingkat Kontrol Asma Crosstabulation

Tingkat Kontrol Asma

Total

Tidak Terkontrol

Terkontrol Sebagian

Terkontrol Penuh

Index Masa Tubuh

<25 Count 35 11 12 58

Expected Count 33,2 13,7 11,1 58,0

>25 Count 16 10 5 31

Expected Count 17,8 7,3 5,9 31,0

Total Count 51 21 17 89

Expected Count 51,0 21,0 17,0 89,0

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 2,002(a) 2 ,368

Likelihood Ratio 1,948 2 ,378 Linear-by-Linear Association

,056 1 ,813

N of Valid Cases 89

a 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,92. Symmetric Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx. Sig.

Interval by Interval Pearson's R ,025 ,103 ,236 ,814(c)

Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation ,047 ,105 ,443 ,659(c)

N of Valid Cases 89

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Based on normal approximation. Risk Estimate

Value 95% Confidence Interval

Lower

Upper Lower

Odds Ratio for Index Masa Tubuh (<25 / >25) 1,427 ,592 3,437

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Tidak Terkontrol 1,169 ,784 1,744

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Terkontrol sebagian-penuh

,820 ,506 1,328

N of Valid Cases 89

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Tingkat Kepatuhan Berobat * Tingkat Kontrol Asma Crosstabulation

Tingkat Kontrol Asma

Total

Tidak Terkontrol

Terkontrol sebagian-

penuh

Tingkat Kepatuhan Berobat

Tidak Patuh 25 26 51

Patuh 26 12 38

Total 51 38 89

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided)

Exact Sig. (1-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 3,350(b) 1 ,067

Continuity Correction(a)

2,604 1 ,107

Likelihood Ratio 3,395 1 ,065

Fisher's Exact Test ,085 ,053

Linear-by-Linear Association 3,312 1 ,069

N of Valid Cases 89

a Computed only for a 2x2 table b 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16,22. Symmetric Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx. Sig.

Interval by Interval Pearson's R -,194 ,103 -1,845 ,068(c)

Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -,194 ,103 -1,845 ,068(c)

N of Valid Cases 89

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Based on normal approximation. Risk Estimate

Value 95% Confidence Interval

Lower

Upper Lower

Odds Ratio for Tingkat Kepatuhan Berobat (Tidak Patuh / Patuh)

,444 ,185 1,067

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Tidak Terkontrol ,716 ,503 1,020

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Terkontrol sebagian-penuh

1,614 ,941 2,770

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N of Valid Cases 89

Status Rhinitis Alergi * Tingkat Kontrol Asma Crosstabulation

Tingkat Kontrol Asma

Total Tidak

Terkontrol Terkontrol Sebagian

Terkontrol Penuh

Status Rhinitis Alergi

Negatif 27 14 14 55

Positif 24 7 3 34

Total 51 21 17 89

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 4,948(a) 2 ,084

Likelihood Ratio 5,276 2 ,072 Linear-by-Linear Association

4,886 1 ,027

N of Valid Cases 89

a 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6,49. Symmetric Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx. Sig.

Interval by Interval Pearson's R -,236 ,094 -2,262 ,026(c)

Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -,232 ,097 -2,221 ,029(c)

N of Valid Cases 89

Risk Estimate

Value 95% Confidence Interval

Lower

Upper Lower

Odds Ratio for Status Rhinitis Alergi (Negatif / Positif)

,402 ,162 ,996

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Tidak Terkontrol ,695 ,492 ,983

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Terkontrol sebagian-penuh

1,731 ,967 3,097

N of Valid Cases 89

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Status Rhinosinusitis Kronik * Tingkat Kontrol Asma Crosstabulation

Tingkat Kontrol Asma

Total Tidak

Terkontrol Terkontrol Sebagian

Terkontrol Penuh

Status Rhinosinusitis Kronik

Negatif 19 15 13 47

Positif 32 6 4 42

Total 51 21 17 89

Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 11,692(a) 2 ,003

Likelihood Ratio 12,071 2 ,002 Linear-by-Linear Association

10,308 1 ,001

N of Valid Cases 89

a 0 cells (,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8,02. 0,003 < 0,05 ( terdapat hubungan) Symmetric Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx. Sig.

Interval by Interval Pearson's R -,342 ,095 -3,398 ,001(c)

Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -,356 ,096 -3,558 ,001(c)

N of Valid Cases 89

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Based on normal approximation. Risk Estimate

Value 95% Confidence Interval

Lower

Upper Lower

Odds Ratio for Status Rhinosinusitis Kronik (Negatif / Positif)

,212 ,085 ,531

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Tidak Terkontrol ,531 ,361 ,781

For cohort Tingkat Kontrol Asma = Terkontrol sebagian-penuh

2,502 1,387 4,514

N of Valid Cases 89

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