d1.hcc.cl2.08 trainee manual - amazon s3...assessor may use to assess your understanding of the...

Prepare a variety of sandwiches

D1.HCC.CL2.08

Trainee Manual

Prepare a variety of

sandwiches

D1.HCC.CL2.08

Trainee Manual

Project Base

William Angliss Institute of TAFE 555 La Trobe Street Melbourne 3000 Victoria Telephone: (03) 9606 2111 Facsimile: (03) 9670 1330

Acknowledgements

Project Director: Wayne Crosbie Chief Writer: Alan Hickman Subject Writer: Garry Blackburn Project Manager/Editor: Alan Maguire DTP/Production: Daniel Chee, Mai Vu, Jirayu Thangcharoensamut, Kaly Quach

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967. The Member States of the Association are Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.

The ASEAN Secretariat is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.

General Information on ASEAN appears online at the ASEAN Website: www.asean.org.

All text is produced by William Angliss Institute of TAFE for the ASEAN Project on “Toolbox Development for Front Office, Food and Beverage Services and Food Production Divisions”.

This publication is supported by the Australian Government’s aid program through the ASEAN-Australia Development Cooperation Program Phase II (AADCP II).

Copyright: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 2013.

All rights reserved.

Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to ensure that this publication is free from errors or omissions. However, you should conduct your own enquiries and seek professional advice before relying on any fact, statement or matter contained in this book. The ASEAN Secretariat and William Angliss Institute of TAFE are not responsible for any injury, loss or damage as a result of material included or omitted from this course. Information in this module is current at the time of publication. Time of publication is indicated in the date stamp at the bottom of each page.

Some images appearing in this resource have been purchased from stock photography suppliers Shutterstock and iStockphoto and other third party copyright owners and as such are non-transferable and non-exclusive. Clip arts, font images and illustrations used are from the Microsoft Office Clip Art and Media Library. Some images have been provided by and are the property of William Angliss Institute.

Additional images have been sourced from Flickr and SKC and are used under Creative Commons licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en

File name: TM_Prepare_a_variety_of_sandwiches_FN_030114

http://www.asean.org/

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en

© ASEAN 2013 Trainee Manual


Table of contents

Introduction to trainee manual ........................................................................................... 1

Unit descriptor................................................................................................................... 3

Assessment matrix ........................................................................................................... 5

Glossary ........................................................................................................................... 7

Element 1: Prepare a variety of sandwiches ..................................................................... 9

Element 2: Present a variety of sandwiches .................................................................... 27

Element 3: Store a variety of sandwiches ....................................................................... 37

Sandwich Recipes .......................................................................................................... 47

Presentation of written work ............................................................................................ 55

Recommended reading ................................................................................................... 57

Trainee evaluation sheet ................................................................................................. 59

Trainee Self-Assessment Checklist ................................................................................. 61

Introduction to trainee manual


Prepare a variety of sandwiches 1


To the Trainee

Congratulations on joining this course. This Trainee Manual is one part of a ‘toolbox’ which is a resource provided to trainees, trainers and assessors to help you become competent in various areas of your work.

The ‘toolbox’ consists of three elements:

A Trainee Manual for you to read and study at home or in class

A Trainer Guide with Power Point slides to help your Trainer explain the content of the training material and provide class activities to help with practice

An Assessment Manual which provides your Assessor with oral and written questions and other assessment tasks to establish whether or not you have achieved competency.

The first thing you may notice is that this training program and the information you find in the Trainee Manual seems different to the textbooks you have used previously. This is because the method of instruction and examination is different. The method used is called Competency based training (CBT) and Competency based assessment (CBA). CBT and CBA is the training and assessment system chosen by ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) to train people to work in the tourism and hospitality industry throughout all the ASEAN member states.

What is the CBT and CBA system and why has it been adopted by ASEAN?

CBT is a way of training that concentrates on what a worker can do or is required to do at work. The aim is of the training is to enable trainees to perform tasks and duties at a standard expected by employers. CBT seeks to develop the skills, knowledge and attitudes (or recognise the ones the trainee already possesses) to achieve the required competency standard. ASEAN has adopted the CBT/CBA training system as it is able to produce the type of worker that industry is looking for and this therefore increases trainees chances of obtaining employment.

CBA involves collecting evidence and making a judgement of the extent to which a worker can perform his/her duties at the required competency standard. Where a trainee can already demonstrate a degree of competency, either due to prior training or work experience, a process of ‘Recognition of Prior Learning’ (RPL) is available to trainees to recognise this. Please speak to your trainer about RPL if you think this applies to you.

What is a competency standard?

Competency standards are descriptions of the skills and knowledge required to perform a task or activity at the level of a required standard.

242 competency standards for the tourism and hospitality industries throughout the ASEAN region have been developed to cover all the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to work in the following occupational areas:

Housekeeping

Food Production

Food and Beverage Service


2


Front Office

Travel Agencies

Tour Operations.

All of these competency standards are available for you to look at. In fact you will find a summary of each one at the beginning of each Trainee Manual under the heading ‘Unit Descriptor’. The unit descriptor describes the content of the unit you will be studying in the Trainee Manual and provides a table of contents which are divided up into ‘Elements’ and ‘Performance Criteria”. An element is a description of one aspect of what has to be achieved in the workplace. The ‘Performance Criteria’ below each element details the level of performance that needs to be demonstrated to be declared competent.

There are other components of the competency standard:

Unit Title: statement about what is to be done in the workplace

Unit Number: unique number identifying the particular competency

Nominal hours: number of classroom or practical hours usually needed to complete the competency. We call them ‘nominal’ hours because they can vary e.g. sometimes it will take an individual less time to complete a unit of competency because he/she has prior knowledge or work experience in that area.

The final heading you will see before you start reading the Trainee Manual is the ‘Assessment Matrix’. Competency based assessment requires trainees to be assessed in at least 2 – 3 different ways, one of which must be practical. This section outlines three ways assessment can be carried out and includes work projects, written questions and oral questions. The matrix is designed to show you which performance criteria will be assessed and how they will be assessed. Your trainer and/or assessor may also use other assessment methods including ‘Observation Checklist’ and ‘Third Party Statement’. An observation checklist is a way of recording how you perform at work and a third party statement is a statement by a supervisor or employer about the degree of competence they believe you have achieved. This can be based on observing your workplace performance, inspecting your work or gaining feedback from fellow workers.

Your trainer and/or assessor may use other methods to assess you such as:

Journals

Oral presentations

Role plays

Log books

Group projects

Practical demonstrations.

Remember your trainer is there to help you succeed and become competent. Please feel free to ask him or her for more explanation of what you have just read and of what is expected from you and best wishes for your future studies and future career in tourism and hospitality.

Unit descriptor



Unit descriptor


This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required to Prepare a variety of sandwiches in a range of settings within the hotel and travel industries workplace context.

Unit Code:

D1.HCC.CL2.08

Nominal Hours:

15 hours

Element 1: Prepare a variety of sandwiches

Performance Criteria

1.1 Prepare a selection of hot and cold sandwiches

1.2 Prepare a variety of spreads and fillings using standard recipes

1.3 Use a selection of bread and base varieties

1.4 Select and use equipment and utensils appropriately

1.5 Prepare sandwiches in a logical manner and within industry realistic time frames

1.6 Appropriately use products and minimize wastage

Element 2: Present a variety of sandwiches


2.1 Cut and present sandwiches in a conforming manner

2.2 Work within required time lines

2.3 Prepare a selection of garnishes and accompaniments to seasonal availability

2.4 Present sandwiches

Element 3: Store a variety of sandwiches


3.1 Sandwiches, spreads and fillings are appropriately stored during prep and service

3.2 Sandwiches, fillings and spreads are correctly labelled

3.3 Store in correct conditions to maintain freshness and quality

Unit descriptor

4


Assessment matrix



Assessment matrix

Showing mapping of Performance Criteria against Work Projects, Written

Questions and Oral Questions

The Assessment Matrix indicates three of the most common assessment activities your Assessor may use to assess your understanding of the content of this manual and your performance – Work Projects, Written Questions and Oral Questions. It also indicates where you can find the subject content related to these assessment activities in the Trainee Manual (i.e. under which element or performance criteria). As explained in the Introduction, however, the assessors are free to choose which assessment activities are most suitable to best capture evidence of competency as they deem appropriate for individual students.

Work

Projects

Written

Questions

Oral

Questions



1.1, 1.2 1.3

1 1


1.1, 1.2 1.3

2 2

1.3 Use a selection of bread and base varieties 1.1, 1.2 1.3

3 3


1.1, 1.2 1.3

4 4


1.1, 1.2 1.3

5 5


1.1, 1.2 1.3

6 6



2.1 7 7

2.2 Work within required time lines 2.2 8 8


2.3 9 9

2.4 Present sandwiches 2.3 10 10

Assessment matrix

6


Work

Projects

Written

Questions

Oral

Questions



3.1 11 11


3.1 12 12


3.1 13 13

Glossary



Glossary

Term Explanation

Baguette Classic French bread stick

Baps Scottish 'morning' bread, very soft white rolls

Blend Mixing one or more ingredients together to make a compound

Bookmaker sandwich Old English: Grilled steak with English mustard between 2 slices of toasted bread. Eaten cold.

Canapé Small bite sixed food. Traditionally base with topping and garnish

Challah Israeli bread enriched with egg, normally plaited

Club Sandwich Toasted double decker sandwich with Chicken Bacon Tomato Lettuce Egg and mayonnaise

Compound Butter Butter with several flavourings to enhance eating experience

Doyley Paper sheet placed under sandwiches to stop them sticking to plate

Fingers Sandwiches that are cut into strips rather than square

Focaccia Italian flat bread, normally topped with salt and olive oil

Garnish Edible decoration used to compliment main food

Guacamole Avocado mashed with seasoning and used as spread or dip

Layering Laying multiple filling into a sandwich in specific order

Monte Christo Ham/Turkey and cheese coated in egg and cooked like French toast, can be deep fried.

Multigrain Bread with multiple wholegrain suspended through out

Naan Indian style flat bread

Open sandwich Danish style consisting of bread base topped with main filling and garnished

Paratha Wholegrain Indian flat bread

Glossary

8


Term Explanation

Pinwheel Spiral shaped sandwich, normally with soft filling

Points Bread made from Square bread cut into quarters would be 4 points

Portioning Deals with the issue of how many point per person per serve

Pullman Sandwiches made from bread baked in a square tin. Developed for train service in USA, George Pullman

Rueben Classic corn beef and sauerkraut on Rye bread with dill pickle, can be toasted

Sourdough Naturally fermented dough baked into loaf

Tortilla Mexican flat bread used to make tortillas

Wholemeal Bread made with the flour from the whole of the grain, normally brown in colour




Element 1:


1.1 Prepare a selection of hot and cold

sandwiches

Introduction

The role of sandwiches and their derivations cannot be under estimated in commercial kitchens and in the hospitality industry.

It may be considered a lower skilled job but it can be very profitable product to sell.

Sandwiches play a significant role in catering for parties and in-house events, as well as maintaining a central position in the daily eating of people from all over the world.

As cuisine and fashionable menu items change on a regular basis, so does the way sandwiches are put together and served and to customers.

With greater exposure to international cuisines, chefs are becoming creative in the way ‘bread and fillings’ are served.

The type and nature of sandwiches has evolved over time moving away from, yet still retaining, the original focus of the sandwich while incorporating many new variations on a theme.

Brief history of sandwiches

The following extract is from ‘http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich’

“Thought to be the namesake of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, following the claim that he was the eponymous inventor of the sandwich.

The ancient Jewish sage Hillel the Elder is said to have wrapped meat from the Paschal lamb and bitter herbs between two pieces of old-fashioned soft matzah, flat, unleavened bread, during Passover in the manner of a modern sandwich wrap made with flatbread.

[8]

Flat breads of only slightly varying kinds have long been used to scoop or wrap small amounts of food en route from platter to mouth throughout Western Asia and northern Africa. From Morocco to Ethiopia to India, bread is baked in flat rounds, contrasting with the European loaf tradition.

During the Middle Ages in Europe, thick slabs of coarse and usually stale bread, called "trenchers", were used as plates.

[9] After a meal, the food-soaked trencher was fed to a

dog or to beggars at the tables of the wealthy, and eaten by diners in more modest circumstances. Trenchers were the precursors of open-face sandwiches.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namesake

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eponymous

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_the_Elder

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korban_Pesach

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korban_Pesach

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maror

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matzah

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich_wrap

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatbread

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich#cite_note-8

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trencher_(tableware)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_sandwich


10


The immediate culinary precursor with a direct connection to the English sandwich was to be found in the Netherlands of the 17th century, where the naturalist John Ray observed

[

that in the taverns beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices and eat with bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter"— explanatory specifications that reveal the Dutch belegde broodje, open faced sandwich, was as yet unfamiliar in England.

Initially perceived as food men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich slowly began appearing in polite society as a late-night meal among the aristocracy. The sandwich's popularity in Spain and England increased dramatically during the 19th century, when the rise of an industrial society and the working classes made fast, portable, and inexpensive meals essential.

It was at the same time that the sandwich finally began to appear outside of Europe. In the United States, the sandwich was first promoted as an elaborate meal at supper. By the early 20th century, as bread became a staple of the American diet, the sandwich became the same kind of popular, quick meal as was already widespread in the Mediterranean.”

Skills and knowledge required by employers

An employer will require those making sandwiches to possess a certain mix of knowledge and skills including:

Creative presentation techniques for sandwiches – so as to:

Make the finished product look attractive

Create a point of difference between ‘your’ sandwiches etc. and those prepared by other businesses

Maintain consistency of appearance – which helps meet customer expectations and provides an enticing product

Logical and time-efficient work flow when preparing items – which is essential in:

Optimising productivity

Reducing labour costs

Speeding production

Safe work practices – especially in relation to cutting and slicing, the basic knife skills that apply to other cooking tasks apply equally to the preparation of sandwiches

Waste minimisation techniques – to reduce product cost (‘cost of goods sold’) and optimise profit

Communication skills – to enable you to listen, understand and clarify customer requirements, and to allow you to provide information to customers about options available to them. Communication skills are also useful in helping to interpret the non-verbal communication of customers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ray


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristocracy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_food

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_diet




Problem-solving skills – to enable you to deal with a range of potential issues that can arise such as:

Dealing with shortages of food items – by determining alternatives that can be used for items which have run out; by sourcing items in the immediate short-term from another department or supplier; by identifying alternative products to sandwiches, rolls

Coping with mistakes which can occur for time-to-time – such as making the wrong sandwiches, preparing incorrect fillings, cutting the sandwiches incorrectly

Handling problems which can be encountered as part of the sandwich making task such as absences of utensils, staff shortages, insufficient work space, equipment failure (slicers, cool rooms, packaging equipment) and raw materials which are not expected

Interpersonal skills – which are always helpful in any customer-contact situation

Selling skills – to optimise sales and enhance customer satisfaction (by buying a product that genuinely suits their need)

Literacy skills – to allow you to read orders, menus, directions

Numeracy skills – to enable you to calculate quantities and portions against orders which have to be prepared.

Some background on sandwiches

There are a variety of contexts in which sandwiches may need to be produced.

There are is also a wide range of end products which may be regarded as sandwiches or ‘sandwich products’.

Contexts

Sandwiches can be made-to-order for an individual customer in a take-away situation where the customer chooses the sandwich they want and waits while we make it according to their specific requirements.

Sandwiches can be pre-made for individual customers.

These are sandwiches which are made in advance, packaged, stored (usually under refrigeration) and sold to customers who are seeking a quick snack that is ready-to-eat.

The types and fillings prepared for these types of sandwiches will be based on:

Cost of ingredients relative to the selling price – there is no point preparing sandwiches which are too expensive for customers to buy

Previous history of the business and their experience with their customers – each business will develop an appreciation of what their customers want and will buy, and what they do not want and will not buy.


12


Sandwiches can also be a central part of internal catering for functions and events.

In these situations the establishment (via the Functions Manager or Food and Beverage Manager) will negotiate with the client regarding:

Types of sandwiches to be catered

Numbers of sandwiches – of each type

Fillings

Timing of service

Garnishes.

The agreed sandwiches are prepared (shortly) in advance and then served as arranged.

Sandwiches and sandwich products

This unit should be seen as embracing not only the traditional sandwich (two slices of bread and filling) but also a range of derivations and options. ‘Classical sandwiches’ can be seen as traditional sandwiches. The bread is usually white bread and the fillings can range across a wide variety of common or standard fillings.

By contrast a ‘contemporary sandwich’ can be seen as one made from different bread types and containing more modern fillings which may include red peppers, apple, cream cheese, sweet corn, prawns, etc.)

Bauru

This is a Brazilian delicacy featuring a French bun with most of its centre removed and loaded with cheese, sliced roast beef, tomato and pickled cucumber.

Chequerboard

Same as traditional sandwich but made with one slice of brown bread and one slice of white bread. The sandwich is cut into square quarters and arranged so that brown and white squares alternate in a chequerboard pattern.

A variation is to use multiple alternating slices of white and brown bread (up to eight slices). A further variation is to cut them into rectangles (Domino sandwich).

Chivito

This is a bun loaded with beef, meat, eggs, cheese and peppers, and flavoured with garlic and mayonnaise. It is a national dish in Uruguay.

Club sandwich

This is the same as traditional sandwich with an extra layer of filling and an extra slice of bread (bread, filling, bread, filling, bread) and is often held together with a toothpick, and may be toasted.

Cocktail sandwich

A small triangular sandwich usually with crust off served as a canapé at a cocktail function. These are often held together with a toothpick to make them easier to remove from the plates and to help with eating.




Filled rolls

These are rolls filled with whatever is required. Subs may be seen as filled rolls.

Finger sandwich

These are the traditional sandwich with crusts cut off, and sliced into finger shape. They are sometimes referred to as ‘ribbon’ sandwiches. Again, multiple slices of bread can be used. A ribbon sandwich usually has different colour bread in it, brown and white.

Open sandwiches

This is a slice of bread with topping but no top slice of bread, and is also known as an open-face sandwich or ‘tartine’. These are extremely popular in Denmark and the Scandinavian countries.

Pinwheel sandwich

This is a single slice of bread with the cut crust off. It is rolled lightly with rolling pin, the spread (flavoured) or a soft filling is added, and it is then rolled and sliced into wheel shapes that give a spiral appearance.

Pullman sandwiches

Also known by some as ‘tea sandwiches’, these generally comprise three slices of bread and feature ‘moist’ ingredients. They are cut into fingers. One distinguishing feature of the Pullman sandwich is that it is often made from a Pullman loaf and the bread is cut horizontally rather than vertically.

Tea sandwich

A small sandwich, cut into triangles (quarters) with light filling designed more as a snack than a meal. Similar to a cocktail sandwich but may have the crust on.

The wonderful world of sandwiches

It must be remembered that bread – in all its forms – is a world-wide staple in people’s diets and exists in different forms in different countries. This means many countries use bread as the basis for their particular form of sandwiches.

The following list provides an idea of the extent and variations that exist across the world in terms of bread-based items.

Croissant

This is a crescent-shaped roll made from buttery, flaky pastry traditionally served at breakfast and commonly filled with ingredients such as ham, cheese and tomato.

Falafel

From Israel and the Middle East, it can be served in Pita bread (see next section) with tahini sauce and filled with a variety of things which can include chopped salad vegetables and pickled vegetables.


14


Gatsby

From South Africa, a Gatsby is a long bread roll cut lengthwise and loaded (as per a Sub) according to the customer’s requests. Hot chips are apparently a fundamental requirement as part of the Gatsby.

Gyros

This is a Greek dish. It is pita bread loaded with meat – lamb, pork or beef – which is traditionally roasted on a vertical spit. A sauce is added as required to taste – garlic, tzatziki – and the gyro is finished with lettuce, tomato and onion.

Hoagie

This is an American invention which is also known as a grinder, hero or torpedo. It is very much like a sub featuring cold cut meat and cheese on a long, vertically-cut bun.

Panini

A sandwich made from a Ciabatta (a small loaf). The loaf is cut horizontally and loaded with meat (salami is popular) plus cheese, tomato and other items as required. It is often served hot.

Pebete

A basic sandwich – really a soft, oval-shaped bun – of Argentina; filled with cheese, cured meat, tomato and mayonnaise

Po’ boy (Poor boy)

This is a favourite in Louisiana (America) where it is made like a sub using a baguette (French loaf). It is commonly filled with either meat (roast beef, meat balls) or seafood (shrimps, crabs, fried oysters).

Porilainen

A Finnish variation similar to a hamburger where a slice of thick sausage is loaded onto a slice of bread and topped with onion, mustard, ketchup etc.

Shawarma

This is like a gyro and is Middle-eastern in origin. Made with pita bread and loaded with shaved goat, chicken, turkey or beef plus (as requested) hummus, tahini, cucumber and tomato.

Sub (Submarine)

An American invention inspired by Italians. A French loaf sliced horizontally and filled to order. May be toasted and loaded with hot or cold fillings.

Wraps

These are made with soft, flat bread and filled with traditional sandwich fillings.




Zapiekanka

This is a Polish food item featuring a halved baguette (cut horizontally) and topped with meats, vegetables and cheese.

Vietnamese sandwiches

The Vietnamese sandwich, sometimes called a "bánh mì" sandwich, or a pho sandwich at times, is a product of its French history.

Ingredients

Classical ingredients:

Baguettes

Pâté

Mayonnaise.

Vietnamese ingredients:

Cilantro

Fish sauce

Pickled carrots.

Classical sandwiches

Bánh mì xíu mại – crushed pork meatball on bread

Bánh mì đặc biệt – special combo’ sandwich - various Vietnames e cold cuts, such as sliced pork or pork bellies, cha lua, and head cheese, along with the liver pâté and vegetables

Bánh mì chay – a vegetarian option, made with tofu or seitan

Breakfast bánh mì – eggs fried sunny-side-up with onions, sprinkled with soy sauce or Maggi sauce, and eaten with a fresh (and sometimes buttered) baguette.

Some popular sandwich names

The following are examples of well known sandwiches.

BLT

A toasted bacon, lettuce and tomato sandwich

Bookmaker

A toasted minute steak sandwich with mustard

Club sandwich

While a club sandwich is a style of sandwich that can have a wide variety of fillings, a club sandwich is traditionally made using chicken, bacon, lettuce and tomato and served toasted.


16


Monte Cristo

A ham and or turkey sandwich that can be served several ways. It can be battered and fried, grilled or served as an open sandwich on plain bread.

Do your own research and see how much information you can find on the subject.

Remember to acknowledge your information resource: Copyright

1.2 Prepare a variety of spreads and fillings using

standard recipes

Introduction

There are numerous fillings that can be used for sandwiches and new combinations are being created daily. In a commercial setting you should strive for consistency when preparing sandwiches – every sandwich of the same type should be (as near as possible) identical.

Ingredients

The list of ingredients for a sandwich is almost limitless however is often influenced by:

Imagination

Taste combinations – some ingredients obviously do not ‘go well’ with certain other ingredients

Cost – the selling price must be such that it returns the expected profit for the business

Volume – there is always a limit as to how much can realistically be included into any sandwich.

Fillings or toppings

It is not the intention of these notes to be prescriptive about what can and cannot be included in a sandwich and the following are included only as an indicative guide:

Spreads – butter, margarine, proprietary sauces, relishes, pickles, mayo, mustards

Dairy products – cheeses (soft, hard, cream)

Meat and chicken – pressed, roast meats (sliced, shredded, minced)

Seafood – tuna, salmon, prawns, smoked mackerel

Vegetables – salad vegetables (tomato, lettuce, carrot, cucumber, beetroot, peppers). Note that onion is usually optional

Garnishes – cherry tomato, shredded lettuce, parsley.




Popular ASEAN fillings or toppings

Whilst each country will have their own preferred fillings and toppings, popular ones include:

Satay chicken or beef

Pork – in various formats

Chilli – either sliced, chopped or sauce. Prik Pao is a common Thai chilli paste with soyabean oil

Sambal

Local vegetables and salad items.

For more ideas on what can be included in a sandwich visit the following sites:

http://www.sandwichrecipes.org/

http://www.alanskitchen.com/SANDWICH

http://www.cooksrecipes.com/category/sandwich.html

http://www.recipegoldmine.com/sandwich/sandwich.html

Standards Recipes and Enterprise Standards

Most businesses will have strict standards regarding what they require in the way of sandwiches which are made.

These standards are in place to ensure:

Consistency of final product

Value-for-money for the customer

Profitability of the business

Ease and speed of manufacture of the sandwich.

Standards will be developed to:

Govern the neatness of final presentation – whether the sandwich is plated for in-house consumption or packaged for take-away

Guarantee the appropriate combination of ingredients – this helps ensure the quality, taste and customer satisfaction of the final sandwich and assists in cost control

Determine the way ingredients loaded into the sandwich are cut or otherwise produced – again this helps ensure consistency and aids final eye appeal of the finished product

Dictate size and shape of the finished products – this relates to value-for-money and consistency – and should also take into consideration the fact that most sandwiches are eaten with the hands

Indicate how sandwiches are to be served – this will govern the plating of products, the use of service wear (knives etc.) and the provision of serviettes, condiments etc. It will also indicate how take-away sandwiches are to be packaged so as to optimise quality, appearance and customer satisfaction.

http://www.sandwichrecipes.org/

http://www.alanskitchen.com/SANDWICH

http://www.cooksrecipes.com/category/sandwich.html

http://www.recipegoldmine.com/sandwich/sandwich.html


18



Introduction

Traditional English style sandwiches consist of 2 slices of bread with 1 or 2 filling and maybe a condiment.

That has changed.

Bread varieties

There are numerous varieties of bread available in Australia.

For example:

Sandwich sliced white Sandwich sliced brown Wholemeal

Rye Sour dough Ficelle

Panini Baguettes (French sticks)

Lebanese

Pide Pita Lavash

Foccacia Challah Vienna

Naan Turkish Ciabatta.

Along with the varieties of bread itself, there is also a wide array of bread rolls available, i.e. dinner rolls, petite pain (crispy rolls), flavoured rolls, etc.

It is a good idea to look around your workplace to see the types of breads that are used. Talk to your suppliers then look in the market place to see the ranges available.

Structure of a Sandwich

A sandwich will usually consist of:

Base – the bread or roll that will hold the filling.

A spread – to flavour and to add moist mouth feel and also to slow moisture migration from filling to bread

Filling – the main attraction and flavour of the sandwich

Condiment – to add a partnering flavour

Garnish – to compliment with flavour and appearance.

Filling base

Cooked meats

Cooked Vegetables.




1.4 Select and use equipment and utensils

appropriately

Introduction

Equipment used to make sandwiches can be very basic but when you are in larger establishment the list gets very big.

Are they cold of hot? Straight away that changes the requirements.

Basic equipment items needed are:

Containers to store prepared fillings

Knives, for cutting, various tasks, various sizes, various jobs

Knives or palettes for spreading

Kitchen tongs

Electric knives, cuts down on repetitive injuries

Chopping boards

Plastic gloves

Plates and platters

Consumable products like paper and plastic wrap to protect the sandwiches when made

Storage space, when the sandwiches are made they need to go to special storage areas so they are not damaged before the customers receive them.

Many sandwiches and derivations are served hot or toasted.

It is important to obtain on-the-job training before using these items in order to ensure they are used correctly and safely.

Always follow manufacturer’s instructions when using these items, and if you are not sure what to do, ask your supervisor.

Larger Equipment used

Not all establishments will feature all the different pieces of equipment that can be used to toast or heat sandwiches.

The equipment in use where you work will reflect:

Sandwiches offered

The style of establishment.


20


Commonly used items include:

Toaster

Salamander

Griller

Sandwich toaster

Sandwich press

Toaster grillers

Panini grills – ideal for toasting sandwiches, focaccia and pita bread.

Points to note

The following should be observed when toasting a sandwich:

Focus on the job – it is very tempting (and sometimes necessary) to do other work while a sandwich is toasting but you must be alert to over-cooking the sandwich. Constant monitoring is essential. It is all too easy to allow the sandwich to spend a few extra seconds in the press or the toaster and the result is an over-cooked product. If this happens throw it out and make another one – never serve a sub-standard sandwich

Clean the grill or toaster regularly – a grill that has filling which has fallen or leaked onto it will produce a sub-standard follow-up product. There is the potential for black bits to stick to the next item being cooked, and always the chance of smoking and a burnt smell in the establishment

Turn it on and leave it on – most properties will require you to turn the press, grill, etc. on at a certain time and leave it on until service has finished. Standard practice is not to turn it on and off throughout the day.




1.5 Prepare sandwiches in a logical manner and

within industry realistic time frames

Introduction

The preparation of large quantities of sandwiches for functions must be completed by a given time so they are ready for service when expected.

Given that sandwiches are best eaten fresh there is a need to use a logical and sequential process for preparing them to optimise quality and meet the given deadlines.

Commercial preparation

The following is an indicative sequence for the preparation of large quantities of sandwiches:

where your house recipes differ from

what is presented the house requirements must be adhered to:

Identify the type of sandwich to be made and obtain the required type quantity of bread – where you identify there is insufficient bread immediate action must be taken to obtain extra supplies even if this means purchasing from a local supermarket

Identify the fillings required – as identified by the client or as set out on the function/order sheet. Where there is no specification as to fillings it is appropriate to make enquiries regarding what is required

Prepare the fillings as required – this can include activities such as:

– Cutting tomatoes, shredding lettuce, chopping parsley, grating carrot

– Slicing roast meats or unpacking bought-in meat slices and cheese slices

– Taking spreads out of the cool room – or making spreads according to requirements

– Obtaining and opening tins of ingredients (such as beetroot slices) and putting into appropriate container

– Obtaining and opening the mustards, pickles, relishes and sauces

– Preparing the garnishes – which may include washing cherry tomatoes, shredding lettuce or oranges.

This stage also involves cooking or mixing of fillings – which may require:

Boiling and mashing eggs – allowing sufficient lead time to enable the egg to cool and the adding of mayonnaise etc., as required

Making (for example) avocado filling, chicken and walnut, tuna and onion fillings

Boiling and shredding chicken – again, ensuring sufficient time for cooling

Frying bacon


22


Slice (if necessary) the bread and lay it out on a work bench – care must be paid to ensuring the preparation area to be used has been clean and sanitised

Spread the condiments – using a palette knife or plastic spatula; speed is essential coupled with neatness

Add the filling to half the slices of bread (the other half will be the lids for the sandwiches) – ensuring uniformity of portions, consistency of layering and making sure there is no overflow

Season the sandwich – if required by adding salt and pepper. Salt and pepper is often pre-mixed into the one container to save time

Add the top slice of bread

Slice the sandwiches – remove crusts first if required and then cut diagonally or horizontally and vertically (quarters or halves) as required

Plate up the sandwiches [or store (see Section 2.1) for future use]:

– Plating up should ensure attractive presentation of sandwiches

– Application of identified garnishes – keep garnishes to a minimum

– Arranging sandwiches according to type – for example, keeping vegetarian sandwiches separate from meat-filled ones, keeping seafood sandwiches together

– Moving sandwiches out of the preparation area to the customers quickly to optimise freshness.

Food safety

It is common for food preparation staff to take great care when cooking a dish, making sure all hygiene rules and safe food handling protocols are followed.

Strangely the same care often does not apply to the making of fresh sandwiches. It is hard to say why this is the case – perhaps it is because sandwiches are basic, or ‘anyone can make sandwiches’.

The point is that the preparation of fresh sandwiches merits the same care and hygiene as all other dishes which are prepared.

Arguably, sandwiches deserve even greater care and safe food handling as they will be eaten ‘as is’ and not subjected to any process that can kill bacteria.

Avoid direct contact with bare hands

Due to the dangers presented from cross contamination, every effort must be made to prepare sandwiches without touching ingredients or the sandwich with the bare hands.

Tongs, utensils, disposable gloves, spatulas etc., should be used.

It is also worth noting that where customers can see staff using their bare hands it creates a very unfavourable impression (even though no actual food contamination may occur).

Customers expect a much higher standard of cleanliness, professionalism and hygienic practice than was once the case.




Disposable gloves

The wearing of disposable gloves should be mandatory but attention must be paid to changing them when required. In relation to gloves points to note include:

Change gloves immediately they are ripped or torn

Change gloves between handling raw high risk food and cooked, ready-to-eat foods

Change gloves every hour regardless

If the gloves contain powder and you have to change gloves during service, ensure they are not taken off over food or food surfaces as the powder may provide a source of contamination

Do not put on gloves that have already been used

Do not turn gloves inside out and try to wear them again

Change gloves whenever they become contaminated from whatever source – raw food, blood, sneezing, chemicals, scratching the face, handling rubbish

Whenever required to wash hands, gloves should be changed

Gloves are not a cure all, yet many staff think they are bullet-proof if they are wearing them.

Food quality

Throughout the entire sandwich making process a watch must be kept on the ingredients being used.

Any ingredient that is, or appears, sub-standard must be removed and not used. It is easy to spoil a sandwich simply by using little piece of brown lettuce, or to destroy the presentation of a platter by using blemished fruit.

Adopt a system

It is often useful to allocate specific tasks to specific staff when making the actual sandwiches. This is the production-line approach where staff follow along behind each other, each adding their particular contribution to the final sandwich. For example:

One person spread the bread

Another adds the meat slice

Another adds the sliced tomato

Another adds the lettuce

Another adds the next ingredient

Another adds the salt and pepper

Another (perhaps by this stage the person who added the meat) puts the lid on.


24


1.6 Appropriately use products and minimize

wastage

Introduction

Adopt a system that gives you plenty of preparation so you do not run out of ingredients while trying to make sandwiches to order as customers request them.

Have plenty of ‘mise en place’ - everything must be ready before production starts.

Majority of ingredients are ready to eat. Cooked meats and other potentially hazardous foods need to be kept chilled to prevent the growth of pathogens in the food.

Keep fillings in '

Sandwiches filling may need to be prepared a long time in advance, perhaps even the day before, so care must be taken with these products.

Even when you are making the sandwiches it is important that the time the fillings are out of the controlled environment needs to be considered.

As you have complete all 'mise en place' (preparation) it is good practice to place food into a controlled environment. Put it in the coolroom, covered, labelled and dated.

As you are preparing the sandwiches take only enough fillings out of the coolroom that

you can use within a specific time period. .

When sandwiches have been made it is important that the finished product and any leftover 'mise en place' items are put back into the coolroom.

Left over preparation need to be placed with other preparation that is the same. This stops for example: sliced beef, being in several places in coolroom.

This causes unnecessary waste and will maximise loss that should be avoided.




Work Projects

It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You must submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the project to your Trainer by the date agreed to.

1.1 Make 1 round of finger sandwiches:

Read the recipe

Prepare ingredients required

Select correct style of bread

Make the sandwich then store until required

Store left over ingredients properly or discard if needed

Clean workbench.

1.2. Make 1 round Club sandwich:

Read the recipe





Clean workbench.

1.3. Make 1 Chicken Caesar wrap:

Read the recipe





Clean workbench.

Make any changes to ingredients to meet cultural and religious requirements.

Remember: it is the skill set process that is being assessed.


26


Summary


Prepare a selection of hot and cold sandwiches:

Familiarise yourself with the large variety of sandwiches that can be produced and decide what you are going to put on your menu.

Prepare a variety of spreads and fillings using standard recipes:

Read the recipe and prepare your mise en place to produce an interesting array of different sandwiches.

Use a selection of bread and bases:

Meeting the needs and requirements of customers is the challenge so it is important to offer a variety in types of bread used.

Select and use equipment and utensils appropriately:

Large scale production requires specialist equipment and the safe operating of this equipment requires care and skill by the operator. Do not operate any equipment until you have been shown how to use it safely.

Prepare sandwiches in a logical manner and within industry realistic timeframes:

Efficiency of production requires planning. Make sure you have all the equipment and food necessary to do the job before you start.

Appropriately use products and minimise wastage:

Keep high risk ingredients in controlled environment until you need it. Only take what you need to get the job done as efficiently as possible with minimum wastage of ingredients and time.




Element 2:

Present a variety of sandwiches

2.1 Cut and present sandwiches in a conforming

manner

Introduction

When presenting sandwiches they should be cut as required and then the centre exposed to show the filling. This is the eye appeal that will entice the customer to purchase that sandwich.

If it is a function it will help the customer to choose. The filling may sound nice but then if it looks great then that will be the final decision.

Function sandwiches are traditionally are either points or fingers made with square bread.

When made it will be cut into 4 triangles (points) and then stood on the longer edge to present the filling to the customers; the high point of the triangle giving name to the style.

When square is cut into 3 equal widths or fingers they will then be laid on the sides, thus exposing the filling to the view of the customers.

Eye appeal is buy appeal. Customers eat with their eyes first so it is important the sandwiches look enticing, appealing and appetising.

Where sandwiches are being presented for functions or any in-house dining they should always be presented with an appropriate garnish and accompanied by suitable serviceware.

Garnishes

Garnishing is the addition of items to the individual plate, take-away container or platter of sandwiches to enhance presentation and make the sandwiches visually more appealing.

The role of the garnish is to supplement the sandwiches, not dominate them.

For this reason, less is more.

The two standard requirements are that all garnishes should be edible and be of high quality.


28


Examples of garnishes:

Flowers

Edible flowers can be added to platters – these include:

Radishes may be carved into rose and chrysanthemum shapes and added to platters. Spring onion tassels may also be prepared.

These should be kept in chilled water prior to use to maintain optimum appearance and quality.

Remember though that the preparation of garnishes takes time and therefore adds expense to the sandwiches.

For this reason, basic and easily prepared garnishes are preferable with the more time-consuming and intricate garnishes (such as carved fruit and vegetables) reserved for more up-market occasions where the price merits such time and products.

Colour

The following can be added as a garnish where a green colour is required:

Asparagus

Cucumber – made into butterflies, curls or fans

Parsley

Celery

Gherkins

Lettuce – as a ‘chiffonade’ (finely shredded)

Green peppers.

Where a white garnish is needed you can choose from:

Cottage or cream cheese

Cucumbers

White cabbage (shredded).

A red garnish is available via:

Beetroot

Cherries

Cherry tomatoes

Pimento

Radishes – sliced or carved

Strawberries

Tomatoes – halved, quartered, sliced.




Yellow garnishes can be made from:

Cheese

Egg yolk

Grated lemon rind.

Fruits

Fruit is also appropriate to add as a garnish. Options include:

Apple

Pear

Grapes

Kiwi fruit

Orange

Lemon

Strawberry.

Carrot curl

The following steps can be used to produce a carrot curl suitable as a garnish:

1. Wash and peel carrot

2. Remove thin strip of carrot with vegetable peeler

3. Roll strip of carrot into a curl

4. Secure with toothpick

5. Place in iced water

Condiments

It is appropriate to offer a range of condiments (salt, pepper, mustards and a limited number of sauces, such as horseradish, mint and cranberry) where a large quantity of sandwiches is being presented.

Serviceware

Serviceware refers to the items used to serve the sandwiches and the items used by customers to eat them.

Some establishments will have basic serviceware (plates and platters) while others will have elaborate and quite ornate service items.

Examples of relevant serviceware include:

Platters and trays

Tongs

Forks

Knives or small spoons – for using sauces and mustards with the sandwiches


30


Cake lifts

Side plates

Napkins and serviettes.


Introduction

Skills need to be developed to be able to produce sandwiches on a commercial scale.

Time lines need to be adhered to for sandwiches to be profitable.

Production can be:

As the customer orders or

Pre-orders: by phone or fax orders or when customers order for later pick up.

While the preparation of one basic sandwich is fairly straight-forward, there are several techniques that may need to be applied when producing quantities of sandwiches in a commercial setting:

At all times, standard recipes must be followed

Workplace efficiencies must be adhered to as well.

Techniques

Spreading

Spreading involves spreading the bread with the required ‘spread’.

Use the spread as determined by the establishment – in commercial situations this is usually margarine. This is due to cost and ease of spread ability.

When large quantities of sandwiches are being prepared, the slices are spread out on a food preparation surface and a palette knife is used to apply the spread.

Spreading the bread with butter, margarine, etc. adds flavour to the bread and helps prevent the bread from going soggy when it is loaded with ingredients that might contain excessive moisture.

Layering

Layering is the loading of the sandwich with the requested fillings. All sandwiches of the same type should be ‘built’ or layered in the same way, every time.

Always use the designated quantity of ingredients and take care the filling remains within the sandwich.

Remember some sandwiches may require multiple layers of bread and different types of bread – even an open sandwich needs to be layered.




Piping

Piping is the application of a spread like mayonnaise, mustards etc. of some form to the loaded sandwich. This is common on 'Open Danish' style. The piped sauce or condiment becomes part of the visual appeal.

A piping bag can used to control the application of the spread and help ensure not too much is applied.

The piping process also enables the spread to be distributed evenly across the loaded ingredients.

Piping should occur after all ingredients have been loaded.

Piping bags have largely been replaced by flexible plastic bottles. These have a removable knozzle on the end for easy cleaning. They are also easier to handle as they can stand up on their own. Bags take up more space in fridge as they lay down.

Portioning

Portioning refers to the preparation of a given number of sandwiches for a given number of customers.

: That ‘one round’ of sandwiches means ‘one sandwich’.

Moulding

Moulding is not common in the preparation of sandwiches. It refers more accurately to cutting and is the process of cutting sandwiches into shapes, for example, for children’s parties and special events.

Moulding is used a lot with 'wraps'. Wraps do not make good function food as they need to be wrapped in paper to hold them together.

Wraps are common in Eastern Mediterranean countries like Greece, Lebanon, Israel and North African countries where 'flat breads' are common place.

Cutting

This is the process of cutting the made sandwiches. Some sandwiches will require the crust to be removed for presentation purposes.

Commonly sandwiches may be cut into fingers, halves and quarters. The accepted shape for halves and quarters is ‘triangles’ but customers may request square or rectangular shapes:

A ‘two-point’ sandwich is one that has been cut diagonally into two triangles

A four-point sandwich is one that has been cut diagonally into four triangles.

Precision and accuracy is vital – poor cutting can ruin the appeal of an otherwise attractive sandwich.

A golden rule when cutting is to make sure:

Sandwiches are cut all the way through

Sandwiches are all the same size when cut.


32


2.3 Prepare a selection of garnishes and

accompaniments to seasonal availability

Introduction

Garnishes

Garnishing is the addition of items to the individual plate, take-away container or platter of sandwiches to enhance presentation and make the sandwiches visually more appealing.

The role of the garnish is to supplement the sandwiches, not dominate them. For this reason, less is more.

The two standard requirements are that all garnishes should be:

Edible

Be of high quality.

Examples of garnishes as previously discussed:

Herbs

Fruits

Dried breads

Vegetables cut into shapes.


Introduction

Presentation of the finished product is the most important part of the production process.

They need to have eye appeal to entice customers to want to eat them.

How are the sandwiches going to be sold?

Individually in a single sale environment:

Take away

Eat in

Functions for:

Cocktail party

Ladies afternoon tea party

Children's birthday party

Sports club function.




Individual

Prepared sandwiches need to be contained in protective wrap environment. Many places now use 'formed' plastic shells. These are easy to use and convenient.

The packaged sandwiches then need to be kept chilled or if not chilled need to be disposed of if not sold within 4 hours.

Eat in will be served on a plate, cut, with the filling exposed to show the customer the excellent filling inside.

Functions

Normally served in multiple serves, 6 – 10 serves per plate or platter.

This is when it is important that all sandwiches are cut the same size. Finger sandwiches are laid on their sides and when they are not cut the same size they look messy.

To avoid this keep batches together when cut. This way irregular cutting does not show as being very evident.

When presenting sandwiches it is good practice to mix varieties. This adds colour and interest to the platter.

Special interest diets should not be mixed with normal sandwiches:

Gluten free

Kosher

Halal.

Vegetarian is a lifestyle choice but it is a nice to separate for selected clientele.

Serviceware

Serviceware refers to the items used to serve the sandwiches and the items used by customers to eat them. Some establishments will have basic serviceware (plates and platters) while others will have elaborate and quite ornate service items.

Examples of relevant serviceware include:

Platters and trays

Tongs

Forks

Knives or small spoons – for using sauces and mustards with the sandwiches

Cake lifts

Side plates

Napkins and serviettes.

When serving from platters it is good practice for the waitperson to offer napkins as they serve, especially if the function is stand up at a cocktail party.


34


Work Projects

It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You must submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the project to your Trainer by the date agreed.

2.1 Write a report that covers the following criteria:

How these sandwiches are going to be presented

Supply diagrams or pictures to show layout

Diagrams are to show any garnishes.

2.2 Take prepared sandwiches and cut to the required size:

Presentation must match diagram.

2.3 Garnishes are prepared as required.




Summary

Present a variety of sandwiches

Cut and present sandwiches in a conforming manner:

Cut all sandwiches to be the same size. Uniformity is pleasing to the discerning customer

2 types of customers:

They all need to be the same size. If sizes are uneven they will only want to pay for the larger sandwiches. Why do I have to pay same price for all these smaller sandwiches

: Afternoon tea for cultured members of society may need to be of a size that is easy to eat with fingers rather than being held with 2 hands.

Work within required time lines:

Make sure you work to logical sequence. Have all you preparation completed before you begin assembly

Ensure you have all the equipment needed to complete the process. Any halting of process can lead to customer dissatisfaction of service.

Prepare a selection of garnishes and accompaniments to seasonal availability:

All garnishes must be fresh and edible. They must compliment the dish, not dominate

Garnish preparation should hold the same importance as the filling.

Present sandwiches:

Make sure the appearance is 'pleasing to the eye'

As explained before: Know your customer base. Are you preparing for the football team of for the ladies auxiliary charity function?

Expectation will be different for each client base.


36





Element 3:

Store a variety of sandwiches

3.1 Sandwiches, spreads and fillings are

appropriately stored during prep and service

Introduction

The preparation, storage and service of all sandwiches must accord with all standard safe food handling practices. Storing fresh sandwiches correctly will optimise their freshness and quality.

Safe food handling practices

To gain a full appreciation of all safe food handling practices you are encouraged to refer to the notes for the unit Follow Workplace Hygiene Procedures.

Storage practices

The following practices must be employed when storing sandwiches:

Cover sandwiches prepared for later use – plastic wrap is suitable, this helps keep the sandwiches fresh and protects against contamination

Avoid keeping made sandwiches for longer than 24 hours – this is a quality issue rather than a food safety issue

Place sandwiches above any raw foods such as meat, fish or chicken in the coolroom to avoid the cross contamination issue caused by blood or juice dripping onto sandwiches.

Temperature (for fresh sandwiches)

It is the spreads, fillings and ingredients in sandwiches that cause them to be a product that raises concerns over the temperature at which they are stored.

Where sandwiches contain any ingredient that is a high risk food (also known as ‘potentially hazardous’ or ‘potentially dangerous’) – that is to say any food which is high in protein such as dairy products, meat, fish, chicken – then the sandwiches themselves become high risk food.

This means they must be stored out of the Temperature Danger Zone, at or below 5ºC.

Where temperature cannot (or is not) used to control bacterial growth, the use of time must be applied. This means implementing a system whereby the time the sandwich remains in the Temperature Danger Zone (5ºC to 60ºC) must be tracked and monitored so that the ‘4 – 2 hours rule’ can be applied.


38


3.2 Sandwiches, fillings and spreads are correctly

labelled

Introduction

All packaged food made for human consumption must be labelled.

Labels must be truthful and accurate.

Food must not contain any ingredient that is not on the label.

What must appear on the label?

Name of the food

Address of the premises in which the food was prepared

Name of the business

Mandatory warnings and advisory information

List of ingredients

Date mark

Health and advise for consumers

Nutritional labelling.

What Food Must Be Labelled?

The label of food for catering purposes must bear food identification, mandatory warning and advisory statements and declaration, date marking, directions for use and storage, country of origin, food produced by gene technology and irradiation of food.

This information is not required on the label of food where that information is provided in documentation accompanying that food.

All packaged food for retail sale must be labelled except:

Food not in a package

Food in an inner package not designed for sale without an outer package that shows the required information

Food made and packaged on the premises from where it is sold

Food packaged in the presence of the purchaser

Whole or cut fresh fruit and vegetables in packaging that does not obscure the nature or quality of the food

Country of origin requirements still apply. This general exception does not apply to sprouted seeds and similar products

Food delivered packaged for immediate consumption at the express order of the purchaser and:

Food sold at a fund raising event.




Where these general exceptions apply to genetically modified foods, irradiated food, fermented comminute manufactured, and processed meats, kava, royal jelly or foods containing offal then written information defined in the Code must be shown on the label or displayed with the food.

What must appear?

1. The name of the food

Packaged food must be labelled with a name or description that will not mislead consumers.

For some foods the Code defines the name of a food as a prescribed name and that name must appear on the label.

Foods with prescribed names include:

Various fermented comminute meat products

Formulated meal replacements

Formulated supplementary food

Formulated supplementary food for young children

Formulated supplementary sports food

Infant and Follow-on formulas

Honey.

Other foods that do not have a defined prescribed name must show a name or description that indicates the true nature of the food. [

2. Lot and Premises identification

Generally, food labels must contain information identifying the premises where the food was packed or prepared and the lot (batch).

The lot usually refers to food prepared or packed within a period not exceeding 24 hours.

No specific form of words is defined. These requirements are usually satisfied if the product is properly date marked and shows the business address of the manufacturer or packer.

Where this is not sufficient identification then additional information that is part of a system devised by the manufacturer or packer must be used.

3. The name and address

A full business address is required, including the street number, street name, town or suburb and state.

4. Ingredients in the food

List of all ingredients need to appear.

5. Date markings

Date of production and/or a Use by Date.


40


6. Legibility Requirements

All writing must be legible and also a minimum font size requirement.

7. Storage requirements

If product is going to be transported and stored in other areas then these requirements

need to be listed on the packaging

8. Allergy Warnings

Any allergy causing ingredients must be identified to alert potential consumers to these potential hazards.

Any products that are produced on the premises where they are sold then they do not need to be labelled.

In house labelling

When producing sandwiches in a large establishment it is important to label correctly.

Labels should include the following

Name of the product:

Many people can be working in larger establishments and the person takes the product to the place of service may not be the person who prepared the product.

Date of Manufacture:

This helps with keeping the flow of produce in correct order. First In First Out, Freshness.

Handler name

The name of the person who was responsible for making the product; if any issues arise regarding quality then management knows to whom to refer.

Time

What time the product was stored.

Temperature

To maximise lifespan and quality it is important to guide others in the requirements in keeping optimum quality.

Storage

How long this product should be stored before quality falls below enterprise standards.

Labelling of Spreads and Fillings

When product comes into the premises from outside suppliers they may be in boxes that have the name of the product on the box and not the package in which the food is contained inside that box.

These boxes are referred to as 'outers' and the inside packaging is referred to as

'inners'.

When removing inners from the outers it is important that the information on the outers is not lost so there may be a need to relabel the inner packaging.




3.3 Store in correct conditions to maintain

freshness and quality

Introduction

The preparation, storage and service of all sandwiches must accord with all standard safe food handling practices. Storing fresh sandwiches correctly will optimise their freshness and quality.

Safe food handling practices

To gain a full appreciation of all safe food handling practices you are encouraged to refer to the notes for the unit Follow Workplace Hygiene Procedures.

Storage practices

The following practices must be employed when storing sandwiches:

Cover sandwiches prepared for later use – plastic wrap is suitable, this helps keep the sandwiches fresh and protects against contamination

Avoid keeping made sandwiches for longer than 24 hours – this is a quality issue rather than a food safety issue

Place sandwiches above any raw foods such as meat, fish or chicken – to avoid the cross contamination issue caused by blood or juice dripping onto sandwiches.

Temperature (for fresh sandwiches)

It is the spreads, fillings and ingredients in sandwiches that cause them to be a product that raises concerns over the temperature at which they are stored.

Where sandwiches contain any ingredient that is a high risk food (also known as ‘potentially hazardous’ or ‘potentially dangerous’) – that is to say any food which is high in protein such as dairy products, meat, fish, chicken – then the sandwiches themselves become high risk food.

This means they must be stored out of the Temperature Danger Zone, at or below 5ºC.

Where temperature cannot (or is not) used to control bacterial growth, the use of time must be applied.

This means implementing a system whereby the time the sandwich remains in the Temperature Danger Zone (5ºC to 60ºC) must be tracked and monitored so that the ‘4 hour/2 hour rule’ can be applied.

This rule states:

Potentially hazardous foods that have been in the Temperature Danger Zone for 4 hours (or more) must be discarded

Potentially hazardous foods that have been in the Temperature Danger Zone for 2 hours can be refrigerated and then returned to the Temperature Danger Zone for another 2 hours, maximum

When high risk food has been in the Temperature Danger Zone for 2 hours it must be cooked or eaten within the next 2 hours or thrown out.


42


There are no exceptions to this rule. In practice this can mean using a series of different coloured, self-adhesive dots which are applied to the packaging of sandwiches.

The internal system may mean, for example, that all fresh sandwiches made between 9:00am and 10:00am are given a blue dot.

When 1:00am arrives all sandwiches with a blue dot are removed from sale because they have been in the Temperature Danger Zone for 4 hours.

Sandwiches made between 10:00am and 11:00am are given a green dot, and any sandwiches with a green dot are discarded at 2:00pm, and so on.

The critical thing is that the business must be able to prove that either time or temperature is being used to control the food safety of these sandwiches.

Temperature (for hot sandwiches)

Where sandwiches containing high risk food are prepared, displayed and intended to be eaten hot (such as bacon and egg sandwiches, steak sandwiches, hamburgers):

They must be stored at 60ºC or above or

A 'time' system must be used to guarantee their safety.

A Time System Explained

The 2/4 hour system.

For the temperature control of 'potentially hazardous' foods

1. To be observed when preparing and serving food generally

“Any ready-to-eat, potentially hazardous food, if it has been at temperatures between 5ºC and 60ºC:

For a total of less than 2 hours, must be refrigerated or used immediately

For a total of more than 2 hours but less than 4 hours must be used immediately or

For a total of 4 hours or longer, must be thrown out.”

2. To be observed when preparing large quantities of food to be cooled down and stored before further use

“A food business must, when cooling cooked potentially hazardous food, cool the food:

Within 2 hours – from 60ºC to 21ºC; and

Within a further 4 hours – from 21ºC to 5ºC”.

Time, Temperature, Quality

When food is stored warmer hot for extended periods of time, more than 10 minutes, the quality becomes compromised.

Food needs to be kept ‘hot’; above 60ºC for food safety reasons but very little food is

eaten at that temperature. Most people let food cool below 60ºC before eating.




How long the food is below 60ºC is the issue of food safety but how long it is kept hot also

becomes a issue.

Sandwiches that are stored hot will have a short life span

They should be served immediately upon making.

Storage containers

All containers used to store sandwiches must be:

Appropriate for the task

Cleaned and sanitised.

The use of packaging for sandwiches

Where sandwiches are prepared for take-away sale, they will be stored in such a way that facilitates their display (so customers can see what they are buying) and their sale and carriage by customers.

The use of single-use items is standard. Various commercial options present themselves, many being specific to different kinds of products.

Suppliers carry a range of these including:

Hinged wedges/PVC hinged sandwich triangles – for sandwiches (standard size, ‘deep fill’, ‘deep fill plus’)

Clip Lock sandwich wedges

Biodegradable sandwich wedges

Cardboard heat seal wedges – for sandwiches

Octagon hinged containers – for rolls and similar

Hinged clear containers – for subs etc.

Hinged roll boxes

Greaseproof food pouches – for pitas and toasted sandwiches

Sandwich wrap sheets

Bagel wraps

Baguette boxes and baguette trays

Tortilla packs

Paper sandwich wrap sheets.


44


What requirements apply to single-use items?

Single-use items

Must not be used more than once by the business – customers are free to re-use them at home as they see fit. Note that single-use containers may be used for non-food activities – such as collecting or storing dirty cutlery etc.

Must be stored and displayed so as to be protected from contamination – this contamination may be via:

Flies, pests and vermin

An infected food handler

Airborne contamination

Physical contamination

Customers

Must not be used if they have been contaminated – or there is a suspicion it may have been contaminated. This may require you to:

Dispose of any single-use items that have been handled by customers

Dispose of any single-use items that have been dropped on the floor

Dispose of any single-use items where the protective packaging they were delivered in has been compromised

Must be clean in order for it to be safely used – meaning free from visible contamination of any sort (including food).

Practical measures

Practical measures in this regard include:

Storing take away food containers upside down – so that the food contact surface of the container is not exposed

Storing the lids to take away containers safely – so that the side that makes contact with the food is protected

Disposable cutlery should be kept covered or individually wrapped

Toothpicks should be individually wrapped

Disposing of any portion control units (salt, pepper, etc.) that have been damaged or already handled by customers.




Work Projects

It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You must submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the project to your Trainer by the date agreed to.

3.1 To fulfil the requirements of this Work Project you are asked to develop and submit a checklist that could be used by staff at your workplace to guide their activities in relation to storing sandwiches.

The checklist must address:

Temperature and/or time controls

Items to be used to store sandwiches

Protection of sandwiches against contamination

Cleaning and sanitation of storage items

Other relevant storage conditions applicable to the individual workplace that are required for, or which impact on, the storage of pre-made sandwiches for later use

All items must be labelled.


46


Summary

Store a variety of sandwiches

Sandwiches, spreads and fillings are appropriately stored during prep and service:

All ingredients need to be stored so that they do not become a danger to the consumer

They must be protected from drying out before being served to customers

Unused ingredients must also be stored labelled and dated so they can be utilised for later usage.

Sandwiches, fillings and spreads are correctly labelled:

All labels must be accurate in the description of the food

Labelling must be legible and easy to read. Layout information in logical sequence. Label should be designed to be easy to read. Important information in same place on every label.

Store in correct conditions to maintain freshness and quality:

Keep cold sandwiches cold

Keep hot sandwiches hot for only a short period of time, approximately 10 minutes

Protect all food products safe from foreign objects and adverse environment.

Sandwich recipes



Sandwich Recipes

Pinwheel Sandwich

Ingredients

1 Bread slice

100 gm Cream cheese, spreadable

20 ml Pesto paste

Method

Portion the cream cheese into a bowl

Add pesto paste and check seasoning

Cut slices from a loaf of bread lengthways about 5 mm thick

Spread with flavoured cream cheese, remove crust

Roll up like Swiss roll, wrap tightly in plastic wrap, let set in fridge

When set cut into disks, about 1 cm thick.

NOTE: usually soft fillings are used as hard or dry fillings will not roll up and hold.

Variations to this can be chilli paste or curry powder to flavour the cream cheese.

Chicken liver pate or liverwurst can also be an interesting change.

Sandwich recipes

48


Ribbon Sandwich

Ingredients

1 Egg, hard boiled

1 tsp Mayonnaise

1 tsp Chives, chopped fine

Salt

Pepper

2 slices White Bread, (standard thickness)

1 slice Rye Bread, (standard thickness)

40 gm Butter, softened

2 slices Salmon, smoked

1 tsp Capers, chopped

4 – 6 leaves Spinach, baby, washed, dried

Method

Crumble or mash egg with fork and add mayonnaise and chives, mix, season

Spread the 2 white slices with butter on one side

Spread butter both sides of the rye bread

Spread egg mixture evenly over 1 slice of white bread

Cover with the slice of rye bread

Place salmon evenly over rye bread, cut as needed to make it fit

Sprinkle chopped capers over salmon

Lay spinach leaves evenly over the top

Place 2nd piece of white bread on top

Even up the slices

Remove crusts and slice into 3 even fingers as demonstrated

Lay on clean plate on their sides to show ribbon.

Note: A wide variety of fillings and spreads can be used, but the fillings must be moist so the stack holds together.

Sandwich recipes



Open Sandwich (Danish)

Ingredients

Bread base

Any topping

Method

Any type of bread can be used as a base. (traditionally rye bread is used)

Bread base usually spread with butter or cheese spread to protect it from moisture

Anything can be used as a topping with a heavy emphasis on eye appeal

As the name suggests there is no top so elaborate garnishes are used

This sandwich is usually eaten with a knife and fork, but can be made smaller as finger food.

Topping suggestions

Lettuce leaf, complete, Slices of ham, roast beef, tomato, avocado; fresh asparagus, cheese; thinly sliced,

Spreads and Pastes

Plain or flavoured butters, cream cheese can be used on the bread to help hold the filling to the bread. Flavoured mayonnaise, mustards or soft pastes can be piped over toppings to give eye appeal while adding flavour and diversity.

Sandwich recipes

50


Tea Sandwich (Pullman)

Ingredients

2 slices Bread (sandwich loaf)

Butter, softened

Ham slices

Cheese slices

Mustard, Dijon

Method

Collect and prepare all ingredients

Apply even coating of butter to each of the slices of bread

Spread mustard on 1 slice

Place ham on mustard and then cheese on top of ham

Place 2nd slice of bread on top

Trim crust and slice into triangles

Place onto plate as demonstrated.

Sandwich recipes



Club Sandwich

Ingredients

2 slices White bread

1 slice Brown bread

30 gm Butter (softened)

½ Chicken breast

1 rasher Bacon

3 slices Tomato (skinned)

2 leaves Chiffonade lettuce

20 ml Mayonnaise

2 Stuffed olives

2 Toothpicks

1 Egg (to be fried, sunny side down).

Method

Prepare all ingredients before toasting bread

Chiffonade the lettuce and combine with the mayonnaise and season

Slice the tomato and keep to side

Season and lightly oil the chicken breast

Cook the chicken on a preheated grill plate keep warm

Cook bacon on a clean preheated grill plate keep warm

Fry the egg in a clean pan

Slice the chicken breast thinly.

Assembly

Butter one side of 1st white toast

Lay lettuce mayo mixture evenly over toast

Place thinly sliced chicken on top

Butter rye bread both sides and place on top of chicken

Place the bacon. egg and tomato on top;

Spread the last white piece of toast with butter and place that on top

Even up sandwich before cutting

Cut the sandwich in half diagonally and insert a toothpick in each half

Put an olive on top on each toothpick and serve hot with French fries.

: You must work quickly so the sandwich stays hot. Assembly should take less than 30 seconds, yes 30 seconds. It is to be served warm so HURRY up

Sandwich recipes

52


Focaccia

Focaccia in Australia has evolved into many variations.

It is based on the flat peasant bread made in communal village ovens by the Italian housewife.

You will find it to have simple toppings like salt with olive oil or herbs with olive oil.

Ingredients

1 piece Flat focaccia bread, sliced though the centre as demonstrated

Grilled veg of your choice

a paste pesto, sundried tomato

1 – 2 slice cheese

Method

Prepare your filling, grill vegetable slice meat or cheese, make paste

Slice the bread, apply paste to both layers

Lay roasted veg, place cheese on top

Heat in oven to warm through

Slice as required

Place onto warm plate and present.

Obviously meats can be used here so the reheating must follow the FSP guidelines.

Sandwich recipes



Greek Style Lamb Wrap

Ingredients

1 Pita wrap

120 gm Lamb mince

¼ tsp Mint, dried

¼ tsp Cumin, ground

pinch Chilli, dried

Salt, to taste

Pepper, to taste

2 Bamboo skewers

40 gm Cucumber (sliced)

20 gm Red Onion (sliced)

1 Roma Tomato (sliced)

20 gm Lettuce (Chiffonnade)

30 gm Tzatzicki Sauce

Method

Soak bamboo skewers in cold water for 30 minutes

Mix lamb mince with spices and set aside to allow flavours to macerate

Divide the mince mix into 2 portions

Wrap around skewers as demonstrated

Oil meat surface and place onto hot grill

Lightly oil pita and warm on grill or black pan

Lay pita on grease proof paper

Place lettuce on to pita followed by tomato, cucumber and onion

When meat is cooked place on top of salad items

Extract the skewer from the meat as demonstrated

Add the sauce on top of meat

Roll up firmly in paper and secure both ends of paper

Slice in half and garnish and serve.

Note: If mixing mince and spices be careful of the amount of herbs and spices used. Fresh is better flavour but not necessarily convenient. Dried is more convenient but will be stronger in flavour, so do not add so much.

Sandwich recipes

54


Chicken Caesar Wrap

Ingredients

1 piece Flat bread

1/2 Chicken Fillet, grilled

1 Bacon rasher, fried and crisped

30 gm Parmesan Cheese

50 gm Mayonnaise

3 gm Worcestershire sauce

2 gm Mustard, Dijon

squeeze Lemon juice

1 Anchovy fillet, chopped finely

1 Lettuce leaf, chiffonnade

Method:

Mix the mayonnaise with the Worcestershire, mustard, lemon juice and finely chopped anchovy fillet together.

Slice the ½ chicken breast into slices on the length.

Assembly:

Lay the bread on board then lay the lettuce chiffonnade on the bread

Place the sliced grilled chicken onto the lettuce then lay the bacon over the top

Place the parmesan cheese over the bacon

Apply the flavoured mayonnaise from a sauce squeeze bottle

Roll up the flat bread in greaseproof paper and secure

Cut in half and present.

Presentation of written work




1. Introduction

It is important for students to present carefully prepared written work. Written presentation in industry must be professional in appearance and accurate in content. If students develop good writing skills whilst studying, they are able to easily transfer those skills to the workplace.

2. Style

Students should write in a style that is simple and concise. Short sentences and paragraphs are easier to read and understand. It helps to write a plan and at least one draft of the written work so that the final product will be well organized. The points presented will then follow a logical sequence and be relevant. Students should frequently refer to the question asked, to keep ‘on track’. Teachers recognize and are critical of work that does not answer the question, or is ‘padded’ with irrelevant material. In summary, remember to:

Plan ahead

Be clear and concise

Answer the question

Proofread the final draft.

3. Presenting Written Work

Types of written work

Students may be asked to write:

Short and long reports

Essays

Records of interviews

Questionnaires

Business letters

Resumes.

Format

All written work should be presented on A4 paper, single-sided with a left-hand margin. If work is word-processed, one-and-a-half or double spacing should be used. Handwritten work must be legible and should also be well spaced to allow for ease of reading. New paragraphs should not be indented but should be separated by a space. Pages must be numbered. If headings are also to be numbered, students should use a logical and sequential system of numbering.


56


Cover Sheet

All written work should be submitted with a cover sheet stapled to the front that contains:

The student’s name and student number

The name of the class/unit

The due date of the work

The title of the work

The teacher’s name

A signed declaration that the work does not involve plagiarism.

Keeping a Copy

Students must keep a copy of the written work in case it is lost. This rarely happens but it can be disastrous if a copy has not been kept.

Inclusive language

This means language that includes every section of the population. For instance, if a student were to write ‘A nurse is responsible for the patients in her care at all times’ it would be implying that all nurses are female and would be excluding male nurses.

Examples of appropriate language are shown on the right:

Mankind Humankind

Barman/maid Bar attendant

Host/hostess Host

Waiter/waitress Waiter or waiting staff

Recommended reading



Recommended reading

Bailey, Adrian & Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert; 2003; The book of ingredients, Michael Joseph

Coup, Bernadette; 2003, Mise en place: recipes and resources, Bernadette Coup

Drummond. Martha; 2013; The Breakfast Sandwich Maker Cookbook; CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform

Hobday.Cara; 2010; Food Presentation Secrets: Styling Techniques of Professionals; Firefly Books

Kelly, Donna;2010; Quesadillas; Gibbs Smith

McWilliams, Margaret; 2013 (11th edition;, Illustrated guide to food preparation; Pearson

McVety.P, Ware.B, Ware.C; 2008 (3rd edition); Fundamentals of Menu Planning; Wiley

Lewis, Alison; 2011; 400 Best Sandwich Recipes: From Classics and Burgers to Wraps and Condiments; Robert Rose

Ridgaway, Dwayne; 2005; Sandwiches, Panini, and Wraps: Recipes for the Original Anytime and Anywhere Meal; Quarry Books

Russo,Susan; 2011; The Encyclopedia of Sandwiches: Recipes, History, and Trivia for Everything Between Sliced Bread; Quirk Books

Silverton,N; 2002; Nancy Silverton's Sandwich Book: The Best Sandwiches Ever; Knopf

Styler.Christopher; 2006; Working the Plate: The Art of Food Presentation; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Strahs, Kathy; 2013; The Ultimate Panini Press Cookbook; Harvard Common Press

The Culinary Institute of America (CIA); 2011 (9th edition); The Professional Chef; Wiley

The Culinary Institute of America (CIA); 2014 (4th edition); Techniques of Healthy Cooking;

Wiley

d1.hcc.cl2.08 trainee manual - amazon s3...assessor may use to assess your understanding of the...

Documents