d ishika
TRANSCRIPT
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RECRUITMENT
Recruitment has acquired immense importance in todays organizations.
Organizations have realized value of human capital and its role in theirdevelopment. Recruitment is the first step in the process of acquiring and
retaining human resources for an organization.
Going by the experts definition:
According to Byers and Rue, they defined recruitmentasThe
process of seeking and attracting a pool of people from whichqualified candidates for job vacancies can be chosen.
According to Edwin B. Flippo Recruitment is the process of
searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply
for jobs in the organization.
Thus in brief it can be said that recruitment is the process of getting
the right kind of people to apply for the vacancies in an organization. The
aim of an effective recruitment program is to attract the best people for the
job and aid the recruiter by making a wide choice available. A good job
description helps in attracting the right kind of candidates for the job.
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FACTORS AFFECTING RECRUITMENT
There are many factors that affect the recruitment program. These factors
can be classified as:
a) ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS ( INTERNAL FACTORS)
b) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ( EXTERNAL FACTORS)
ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS-
Several factors influence the success or failure of a recruitment
program:
1. A major factor that determines the success of a recruitment program
is the reputation of the organization. An organizations reputation
depends on its size, area of business, profitability, management, etc.,
in addition to its philosophy and values.
2. The organizational culture and the attitude of its management
towards employees also influence a candidates decision to apply to
an organization.
3. Another factor that contributes to its success is the Geographical
location of the vacant position. Prospective candidates might not be
too eager to work in a remote place unless they belong to that place.
4. The amount of resources allocated also determines the success of a
recruitment drive. This resource allocation is in turn dependent on the
criticality of the vacant position and the time available to fill the
vacancy.
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5. The channels and methods used to advertise the vacancy also
determines the success of recruitment program.
6. The emoluments that the company offers also influence the decision
of a candidate and thereby the success of recruitment program.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
These are mainly concern with:
1. The situation in the labor market, the demand for manpower, the
demographics, the knowledge and the skill set available, all
determine the response to a recruitment program.
2. The stage of development of the industry to which the organization
belongs.
3. Culture, social attitudes and also impact the effectiveness of a
recruitment program. Eg. A pharma company might attract more
talent than a cigarette manufacturing company, especially in a culturewhich has strong values and traditions.
4. Finally, the law of land and the legal implications involved also play a
role in designing a recruitment program and determining its
effectiveness.
SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT
Different sources of recruitment can be applied, depending on various
factors like the level of positions, number of people required, time available
and the funds allocated for recruitment. These are:
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a) INTERNAL SEARCH- Many organizations try and identify
employees from within the organization, to be groomed to take on
higher responsibilities. This is normally referred to as internal search.
b) EXTERNAL SOURCES- An organization will have a much greater
choice in human resources if it decides to go in for external
recruitment. Some of them are:
i. Advertisements
ii. Employee referrals
iii. Employment agencies
iv. Educational institutions
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PROCESS OF RECRUITMENT
Human Resource Planning
Start implementing theprogram
Select & hire the candidates
Evaluate the program
Identify human resourcerequirements.
Retrench
Determine no., levels andcriticality of vacancies.
Organizationalrecruitment
policyChoose resources and methodsof recruitment
Analyze cost & time involved
Job analysis
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CORPORATE RECRUITMENT: An Art or a Task?
This section primarily focuses on the issues and challenges faced in
corporate recruitment and lays emphasis on the factors that the employees
consider in selecting a company to work for.
Many HR departments hardly view recruitment as a building block of
the organization and pay the price. No doubt, the high supply of
unemployed population provides the employer an ample choice to make,
but at the same time they should not ignore employees values.
It is very easy to copy a technology, infrastructure, advertisement,
distribution channel and what not from the competitors. But the workforce is
the only precious and invaluable asset that cannot be copied. The success
of any organization depends largely on its workforce
In the milieu, people have been caught in these constant corporate
shifts in working out their priorities and react accordingly. Some of these
major changes that can be highlighted are:
Employees directing major level of energy away from career and
corporate, climbing towards family and children- employees look
for job profiles that match their psychological and mental strengths.
The quest for money and attractive job profiles has shifted to the job
profiles, which are suitable to their lifestyle.
Todays fast moving generation is attempting to move towards
self-reliance- With job security a thing of the past a thing of the
past, in this fast moving world of today, the candidates irrespective of
age are ready to take entrepreneurial risks. If unable to start their own
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business then they look for chances to become an important part in
the in the equity participation of the organization they are going to
move into.
Small is appealing- Mergers and acquisitions have the impact onthe employment front. Candidates prefer to choose smaller
companies. Large companies are no longer seen as safe because
candidates fear about lost to future rightsizing.
Keep pace by upgrading oneself on the career front- To keep
pace with changing times; upgrading ones skills is the need of the
hour where innovation and use of new technologies are fast
becoming obsolete. This warrants that the employees must
constantly focus on improving their skills to become multi-skilled and
seek development opportunities to hone their skills regularly.
New opportunity with exit plan in place- Employment contracts are
being worked on and negotiated in more detail. Our parents and
grandparents joined large organizations expecting a life-long career.
But today these expectations do not stand a chance. Hence, the
employees have adapted to their job requirements in line with the
changing circumstances.
Candidates are looking for organizations, which are in tune with
their own value systems- When a candidate is looking for a job;
he/she tends to watch the organizations value system. The positive
corporate image, which motivates its workforce towards good
performance and offers excellent growth opportunity, goes a long way
in developing a healthy and successful organization.
The paradigm shift in the business environment, future growth
prospects, economic and social networking, supply-demand ratio of
employees, is an indicator that Corporate Recruitment is no more a
daily task, but an art to be mastered upon.
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RECRUITING YIELD PYRAMID
The historical arithmetic relationships between recruitment leads and
invitees, invitees and interviews, interviews and offers made, and
offers made and offers accepted
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SELECTION
The next step after recruitment is the selection of candidates for the vacant
positions from among the applicants. Selection is the most important stage
of employment as the concept of the right candidate for the right
position takes its final shape here. As per definition:
The process of choosing the most suitable candidate for a job from
among the available applicants is called selection.
Job analysis and job specifications along with human resource
planning provide the basic requirements, based on which the selection
process has to be designed. Selection process starts with gathering
complete information about the applicant from his/her application form and
ends with inducting the candidate into the organization.
In many cases employment, recruitment and selection are used
interchangeably but in technical terms all three have different meanings. In
fact recruitment and selection together constitute employment.
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ELEMENTS IN A SELECTION PROCESS
STEPS IN RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS
ORGANIZATIONAL
OBJECTIVES
JOB DESIGN AND JOB
DESCRIPTION
JOB SPECIFICATIONS
COMPETENCY MODELLING
SELECTION
RECRUITMENT
POLICY
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The recruitment and selection process is a series of hurdles aimed at
selecting the best candidate for the job.
My main area of interest for studying this particular topic of
recruitment and selection was to know that what all a company wants from
a particular applicant before selecting him/her for a particular job. Also my
study tried to focus on the issues and criterias taken by the company
before going for its recruitment and selection program and how is it going to
impact the employees of the company.
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RECRUITMENT
Recruitment is understood as the process of searching for and
obtaining applicants for jobs, from among whom the people can be
selected. A formal definition of recruitment is that it is the process of
finding and attracting capable applicants for employment. The
process begins when their application are submitted.
In simple terms, recruitment is understood as the process of
searching for and obtaining applicants for jobs, from among whom
the right people can be selected.
A formal definition of recruitment is, it is the process of finding and
attracting capable applicants for employment. The process begins
when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are
submitted. The result is a pool of applicants from which new
employees are selected.
As Yonder and other points out
Recruitment is a process to discover the sources of manpower to
meet the requirements of the staffing schedule and to employee
effective measures for attracting that manpower in adequate numbers
to facilitate effective selection of an efficient working force.
Accordingly, the purpose of recruitment is to locate sources of
manpower to meet job requirements and specifications.
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FILLIP views: - it is a process of searching for prospective
employees and stimulating and encouraging them to apply for jobs in
an organization.
An analysis of these definitions reveals the following features of
recruitment
1. The basic purpose of recruitment is to locate the source required to
meet job requirements and attracting such people to offer them for
employment in the organization
2. Recruitment is a positive function as it seeks to develop a pool of
eligible persons from which most suitable ones can be selected.
3. Recruitment is a two-way process. It takes a recruiter and a recruit,
as recruiter has a choice that to recruit or not similarly the prospective
employee can choose for which organization to apply for a job.
4. Recruitment is a process or a series of activities rather then a singleact or event.
5. Recruitment is an important function as it possible to acquire the
number and type of persons necessary for the continued functioning
of the organization.
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PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE
The general purposes of recruitment are to provide a pool of
potentially qualified job candidates. Specifically, the purpose is to:-
1. Determine the present and future requirements of the organization
in conjunction with the personnel planning and job analysis activities.
2. Increase the pool of job candidates with minimum cost.
3. Help increase the success rate of the selection process by reducing
the number of obviously, under qualified or overqualified applicants.
4. Help reduce the probability that job applicants, once recruited and
selected, will leave the organization only after a short period of time.
5. Meet the organizations legal and social obligation regarding the
composition of its workforce.
6. Start identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will beappropriate candidate.
7. Increase organization and individual effectiveness in the short and
long term.
8. Evaluate the effectiveness of various recruiting technique and
sources for all type of job applicants.
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Recruitment Process
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The ideal recruitment programme is the one that attracts a relatively
large number of qualified applicants who will survive the screening
process and accept position with the organization, when offered.
Recruitment programmes can miss the ideal in many ways, by failing
to attract an adequate applicant pool, by under/over selling the
organization, or by inadequately screening applicants before they
enter the selection process. Thus, to approach the ideal, individuals
responsible for the recruitment process must know how many and
what type of employees are needed, where and how to look for
individuals with the appropriate qualification and interests, what
inducement to use (or avoid) for various type of applicant groups,
how to distinguish applicants who are unqualified from those who
have a reasonable chance of success, and how to evaluate their
work.
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RECRUITMENT POLICY
Policy is the guidelines for action. Once the policy is laid, down it will
be easy for the manager to work out the plans and programmes andimplement the same without referring to top management often and
seeking their guidance repeatedly. This will save time, effort and
money.
Recruitment policy can be of two type:-
General policy on recruitment express top mgt. Philosophy on
recruitment like equality and fairness in this process.
Specific process on the other hand lay down polices on recruitment
sources like internal or external recruitment procedure like type of
advertisement.
Advantage of recruitment policies are given below:-
1) Provide formal statement of corporate thinking.
2) Establishing consistency in application of polices over a period of
time.
3) Offer guidelines to managers for taking action.
4) Improve communication & secure co-operation from employees.
5) Provide criteria for performance evaluation of persons involved in
recruitment
6) Build employees enthusiasm & loyalty & increase their confidence.
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A good recruitment policy must contain these elements.
Organizations objective:-
Both the short-term and long-term objective are taken intoconsideration as a basic parameter for recruitment decisions and
needs of the personnel-area-wise, job-family-wise.
Identification of the recruitment needs:-
To take decision regarding the balance of the qualitative dimensions
of the recruits i.e. the recruiters should prepare profile for each
category of workers and accordingly work out the man specification
decide the sections, department or branches where they should be
placed and the particulars responsibilities which may be immediately
assigned to them.
Preferred sources of recruitment: -
Which source would be tapped by the by the organization e.g. for
skilled or semi-skilled manual workers. Internal source and
employment exchange preferred, for highly specialized categories
and former, may be utilized.
Criteria of selection and preferences: -
These should be based on conscious though and serious declaration
in other, management may take the unilateral decision.
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The cost of recruitment policy in its broadest sense involves a commitment
by the employees to such general principles as:-
1. To find employ the best qualified person for each job.
2. To retain the best and most promising of those hired.
3. To offer promising opportunities for life time working career.
4. To provide programs and facilities for personnel growth on the job.
Following are the principles of recruitment policy
To find & employ the best qualified person for each job.
To retain the best & the most promising ones.
To offer promising careers and security.
To provide facilities for personal growth on skill and knowledge.
To be compatible with public policies.
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METHODS OF RECRUITMENT
Method of recruitment depends on the source of recruitment most
important of them are:-
Cost
Effectiveness
The method adopted must be such that, it is capable of attracting maximum
number of potential candidates. In addition it must involve optimum cost.
Methods of recruitment may be:-
RECRUITMENT
INTERNAL
SOURCES
EXTERNAL
SOURCES
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a. Internal Sources
b. External Sources
1) Internal Source Search:-
Posted on Bulletin/notice Boards of the organization.
Through memos circulated among the shop supervisor.
Advertisement in the in house employee magazine/bulletins/
handouts.
Others methods like word-of-mouth and / or who-you-know
system.
Perusal of records/ P>C data bank.
2) External Source Search:-
The external source search consists of a number of methods
a) Direct Method - It consists of following
Scouting
Campus recruitment
Casual callers/unsolicited applicants
b) Indirect Method
Advertisement
Employees trade association/clubs
Professional association
Reputed other firm
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c) Third party method
Following are the important third party methods in recruitment
Public employment agencies
Private employment agencies
Placement cells in schools and colleges
Temporary help service
Management consultant
Professional bodies/ association
Computer data bank
Voluntary organization
COMPLEXITY OF THE FUNCTION OF RECRUITMENT
Performing the function of recruitment, i.e. the selection ratio is not as easy
as it seems to be. This is because of hurdles created by the internal factor
and external factors, which influence an organization. The first activity of
recruitment i.e. searching for prospective is affected by many factors like.
Organizational policy regarding filling up of certain percentage of
vacancies by internal candidate.
Local candidates.
Influence of trade union.
Influence of recommendations and nepotism etc.
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SELECTION
The process of choosing the most suitable candidate for a job from amongthe available applicants is called selection. Selection is the most important
stage of employment as the concept of the right candidate for the right
position takes its final shape here.
As Yoder states, The hiring process is of one or many go, no-go
gauges. Candidates are screened by the application of these tools.
Qualified applicants go on to the next hurdle, while the unqualified are
eliminated.
The selection process in an organization depends on the organizations
strategy and objectives, the tasks and responsibility of the job and
qualifications, experience and characteristics required in an individual to
perform these tasks and responsibilities successfully.
ELEMENTS IN SELECTION PROCESS
Organizational objectives
Job design / Job description
Job specification
Competency modeling
Selection
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STEPS IN SELECTION PROCESS
Resumes/CVs Review
Initial Screening Interview
Analysis the application Blank
Conducting Tests and Evaluating Performance
Preliminary Interview
Core and Departmental Interviews
Reference Checks
Job Offer
Medical Examination
Placement
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Factors influencing effectives selection
One of the factors that influence the effectiveness of selection process is
the number of recruits per job or per opening or what is called the
selection ratio the greater the number of recruits per opening in the pool,
the greater will be scope for choosing right and potential persons.
Another factor that influences the process of selection is the character and
ethical standards of the selector. If his ethical standards are high i.e., if he
is not prone to corruption, favoritism or nepotism, then new employees are
like to be selected properly and on merit. But if he is lured by these
considerations, then it would fail the selection process.
The selection process is also affected by the limits and constraints imposed
by the organization or its employment specialist such as the budget
sanctioned reservation policy or any other affirmative program etc.
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SELECTION
Selection is hiring the best candidate from the pool of application. If refers
to the process of offering jobs in one or more applicants/candidates from the
application received through recruitment. In other words, it is the process of
picking the suitable candidates from the pool of job applications to fill various jobs
in the organisaiton.
Selection is the process by which candidates for employment are divided
into classthose who will be offered employment and those who will not.
Selection is a managerial decision making process as to predict which job
applicants will be successful if hired.
Selection is the process of choosing from among the candidates from
within the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the
current position or for the future position.
Selection is the process of differenating between applications in order to
identify (and hire) those with a greater like hood of success in a job.
At last we conclude that selection is a process of choosing the most
suitable candidates from applicants for the various jobs in the organization. It
seeks to ensure which applicants will be successful if hired.
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SELECTION PROCESS IN ONGC, DEHRADUN
There is no single universally accepted selection process followed by all
organizations. The selection is likely to vary from organization to organization
depending upon the nature of jobs and organization. Notwithstanding, following
are the steps involved in a standard selection process :
1. Preliminary interview.
2. Application blank.
3. Selection interview.
4. Reference checks.
5. Final selection.
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PRELIMINARY INTERVIEW
The purpose of the preliminary interview is to eliminate unsuitable or
unqualified candidates from the selection process. In screening
unqualified candidate are eliminated on the basis of information given in
the application form, where as preliminary interview rejects misfits for
reasons, which did not appear in the application forms. Due care needs to
be taken to ensure that the weeding out process does not does not lead to
the elimination of desirable candidates. Obviously, preliminary interviews
should be conducted by someone who inspires confidence, who is
genuinely interested in people and whose judgment in the adjudging of
applicants is fairly reliable. Besides, the interviewer should be courteous,
kind and receptive. He/she should not appear brusque or impatient.
APPLICATION BLANKS :
Accordingly, the following data is generally called on from the applicant
through application blank :
a. Biographical Information : It includes name, fathers name, age, sex,
nationality, height, marital status, identification mark and number of
dependents.
b. Educational information : These cover candidates academic qualification,
courses, year of passing, subjects offered, percentage of marks, division,
names of educational institutions, training acquired, scholarship etc.
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c. Work Experience : It includes positions held, name of the employer, nature
of job, salary, duration of various assignments reasons for leaving the
present job, membership of professional bodies, etc.
d. Salary : It refers to the minimum salary acceptable and minimum joining
period required.
e. Extra curricular information : It covers information like participation in
games, level of participation, prizes won, dramas, debates, NSS, NCC,
hobbies etc.
f. References : It includes the name of references who know the character,
work and abilities of the candidate. However, empirical evidences report a
very slight relationship between references and performance measures.
Besides inaccurate facts, this can also be attributed to the referees inability
to assess and describe the candidate, and his limited knowledge about
him.
SELECTION INTERVIEW :
Selection method handled carefully, it can be a powerful technique in
having accurate information of the interviewee otherwise unavailable.
Interview can be defined as an attempt to secure maximum amount of
information from the candidate concerning his/her suitability for the job
under consideration. It tries to achieve an accurate appraisal of the
applicant in terms of his/her educational qualification, training, family
background, previous work experience and judge the applicants certain
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qualities like manner, appearance, conversational ability, meet other
people pleasantly etc.
REFERENCE CHECKS
The reference check as yet another step in the selection process used for
the purpose of verifying information and also obtaining additional feedback
on an application. The candidate is asked to supply two three names of
persons i.e. referees who know him/her personally. Previous employers,
University professors, neighbours and friends can act as references.
However, references are treated as a mere formality and are hardly used
to influence selection decisions.
FINAL SELECTION :
The last step is in the selection process is the final selection of the
candidate for a job . The candidates who have cleared all the above
hurdles are finally selected and a letter of job offer is issued to them. The
job offer i.e., appointment letter contains the details like pay scale,
allowances and other terms and conditions of the job. When he/she reports
for joining, he/she needs to be placed in a particular section or division and
introduced to the job and organization.
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HUMAN RESOURCE IN ONGC, DEHRADUN
Human Resource is a very important asset for the success of an
organization. Every aspect of organizations activities is determined by
the competencies motivation, and general effectiveness of the human
resource of the particular organization. The effective and efficient
management and development of this crucial asset of an organization
is, therefore, a very important factor for the survival and success of an
organization in a fast changing and competitive environment. The
development of human resource by formulating progressive personnel
policies and welfare schemes has always been accorded the highest
priority in ONGC, DEHRADUN . The existing Human Resource
Development Policies, Compensation Package and Welfare Schemes
are rated one of the best in the industry. However, the continuous
review and assessment of the effectiveness of our Human Resource
Development Policies is necessary to meet the challenges of the fast
changing environment and maintaining our leading position in the
industry. It is a big challenges today how to utilize the unlimited
potential of human resource and how to fill in the gap between the
desired and actual level of performance of the employees.
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HR Vision, Mission & Objectives
HR VISION
"To attain organizational excellence by developing and inspiring the
true potential ofcompanys human capital and providing opportunities
for growth, well being and enrichment".
HR MISSION
To create a value and knowledge based organization by inculcating
a culture of learning, innovation and team working and aligning
business priorities with aspiration of employees leading to
development of an empowered, responsive and competent human
capital.
HR OBJECTIVE
To develop and sustain core values.
To develop business leaders for tomorrow.
To provide job contentment through empowerment, accountability
and responsibility.
To build and upgrade competencies through virtual learning,opportunities for growth and providing challenges in the job.
To enhance the quality of life of employees and their family.
To inculcate high understanding of 'Service' to a greater cause.
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HR Strategy
1. To meet challenging demands of the business environment,
focus of the HR Strategy is on change of the employees
mindset.
2. Re-engineering and redeployment for maximizing utilization of HR
potential.
3. To build and upgrade competencies through virtual learning,
opportunities for growth and providing challenges in the job.4. Re-strengthening mutual faith, trust and respect.
5. Inculcating a spirit of learning & enjoying challenges.
6. Developing Human Resource through virtual learning, providing
opportunities for growth, inculcating involvement and exposure to
benchmarking in performance.
Role Of HR
1. Alignment of HR vision with corporate vision.
2. Shift from support group to strategic partner in business operations.
3. HR as a change agent.
4. Enhance productivity and performance by developing employee
competency and potential
5. Developing professional attitude and approach.
6. Developing Global Managers for tomorrow to ensure the role of
global players.
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Measuring HR Performance
HR Parameters have been incorporated in the ONGC, DEHRADUN to
systematically and scientifically evaluate effectiveness of HR Systems,
which enables and facilitates time bound initiatives.
CORE VALUES
A Task Force was constituted to Identify 5 core values in ONGC,
DEHRADUN along with their attributes and desired behavior associated
with them.
S.No Core Values Attributes and Desired Behavior on the
job
1. Sense of
Belonging
Commitment, loyalty, sense of
ownership of the job and company
properties, improvements in personalwork area as a self starter, ensuring
quality in individual work and value
addition.
2. Integrity Personal/Professional integrity by
strictly abiding by rules & regulations,
processing/deciding cases in an
unbiased /dispassionate way, sense of
ethics in behavior
3. Team Spirit Working in groups, trust & openness,
cooperation, communication, sharing
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knowledge and information, collective
learning, target consciousness, cost and
quality consciousness.
4. Discipline Punctuality, work ethics, dress code,
self discipline as model to others ,
enforcing discipline in a fair and firm
manner
5. Social
Responsibility
Caring of society and environment,
projecting a lofty image of ONGC,
DEHRADUN to society
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TRADITIONAL METHODS
1. RANKING METHOD :
It is the oldest and simplest formal systematic method of performance appraisal
in which one employee is compared with all others for the purpose of plucking
them in a simple rank order of worth.
2. PAIRED COMPARISION :
In this method, each employee is compared with other employees on one on
one basis, usually based on one trait only. The rater is provided with a bunch of
slips each containing a pair of names, the rater puts a tick mark against the
employee whom he considers the better of the two. The number of times this
employee is compared as better with others determines this or her final ranking.
3. GRADING METHOD :
In this method certain categories of worth are established in advance and
carefully defined. There can be three category established for employees :
outstanding, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. There can be more than three
grades. Employee performance is compared with grade definitions. The
employees is, then, allocated to the grade that best describes his or her
performance.
4. FORCED DISTRIBUTION METHOD :
This method was evolved by Tiffen to eliminate the central tendency of rating
most of the employees at a higher end of the scale. The method assumes that
employees performance level confirms to a normal statistical distribution, i.e.,
10,20,40,20 and 10 per cent. This is useful for rating a large number of
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employees; job performance and promo ability. It ends o\to eliminate or reduce
bias.
5. FORCED-CHOICE METHOD:
The forced choice method is developed by J.P. Guilfored. It contains a series of
groups of statements, and rather rates how effectively a statement described
each individual being evaluated. Common method of forced choice method
contains two statements, both positive or negative.
6. CHECK-LIST METHOD :
The basic purpose of utilizing check list method is to ease the evaluation burden
upon the rater. In this method a series of statements i.e., questions with their
answers in yes or no are prepared by the HR department. The check list is, then,
presented to the rater to tick appropriate answers relevant to the appraise. Each
question carriers a weightage in relationship to their importance. When the check
list is completed, it is sent to the HR department to prepare the final scores for all
appraises based on all questions. While preparing question, an attempt is made
to determine the degree of consistency of the rater by asking the same question
twice, but in a different manner.
7. CRITICAL INCIDENTS METHOD :
In this method, the rater focuses his or her attention on those key or critical
behaviours that make the difference between performing a job in a noteworthy
manner.
The basis idea behind this rating is to appraise the workers who can perform
their jobs effectively in critical situations. This is so because most people work
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alike in normal situation. The strength of critical incidents method is that it
focuses on beahvirous and thus judges performance rather than personalities.
8. GRAPHIC RATING SCALE METHOD :
In this method, the printed appraisal from is used to appraise each employee.
The form lists traits (such as quality and reliability) and a range of job
performance characteristics (from unsatisfactory to outstanding) for each trait.
The rating is done on the basis of points on the continuum .
9. ESSAY METHOD
Essay method is the simplest one among various appraisal methods available. In
this method, the rater writes a narrative description on an employees strengths,
weaknesses, past performance, potential and suggestions for improvement. Its
positive point is that it is simple in use. It does not require complex formats and
extensive/specific training to complete it.
10. FIELD REVIEW METHOD :
When there is a reason to suspect waters biasdness or his or her rating appears
to be quite higher than others, these are neutralized with the help of a review
process. The review process is usually conducted by the personnel officer in the
HR department. The review process involves the following activities :
a) Identify areas of inter rater disagreement .
b) Help the group arrive at a consensus.
c) Ensure that each rater conceives of the standard similarity.
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MODERN METHODS :
MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES : MBO
The concept of MBO as was conceived by Drucker, can be described as a
process whereby the superior and subordinate managers of an organisaiton
jointly identify its common goals, define each individuals major areas of
responsibility in terms of results expected of him and use these measures a
guides for operating the unit and assessing the contributions of each of its
members.
MBO is not only a method of performance evaluation. It is viewed by the
practicing managers and pedagongues as a philosophy of managerial practice
because it is a method by which managers and subordinates plan, organize,
communicate, control and debate.
BEHAVIOURALLY ANCHORED RATING SCALES : (BARS)
BARS are descriptions of various degrees of behavior with regard to a specific
performance dimesnsion. It combines the benefits of narrative, critical incidents
and quantified ratings by anchoring a quantified scale with specific behavioural
examples of good or poor performance.
BARS method of performance appraisal is considered better than the traditional
ones because it provides advantage like a more accurate gauge, clearer
standards, better feedback, and consistency in evaluation.
ASSESSMENTCENTRES:
An assessment centre is a central location where managers come together to
participate in well designed simulated exercise. They are assessed by senior
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managers supplemented by the psychologists and the HR specialists for 2-3
days. Assessee are asked to participated in asked exercises, work groups
simulations, and role playing which are essential for successful performance of
actual job. Heaving recorded the asessees behavior the raters meet to discuss
their pooled information and observation and based on it, they live their
assessment about the assesee. At the end of the process, feedback in terms of
strengths and weakness, is also provided to the assesees.
COST ACCOUNTING METHOD :
This method evaluates an employees performance from the monetary benefits
the employee yields to his/her organization. This is ascertained by establishing a
relationship between the cost involved in retaining the employee, and the
benefits an organisaiton derives from him/her.