d el i m tng h p os d ru ba c : ana ly si of u rb m etc u l...
TRANSCRIPT
Beverly Hills
West Hollywood
Hollywood
CenturyCityWestwoodBrentwood
Fairfax District
KoreatownWestlake
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Hancock Park
Los Feliz
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Miracle Mile
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USC
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Inglewood
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Mar Vista
Pico
LeimertPark
Crenshaw
Hollywood HillsHollywood Hills West
Bel-Air
PacificPalisades
Glassell Park
Cheviot Hills
Santa MonicaSouth-Central
FashionDistrict
ArtsDistrict
LittleTokyo
AtwaterVillage
Griffith Park
Elysian Park
EastHollywood
West AdamsJefferson Park
Palms
PlayaVista
Ocean Park
North ofMontana
Westchester
BaldwinHills
Mulholland Dr
Comp
to n Av
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National Pl
Centr
al Av
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Ocean Ave
Lincoln Blvd
Vignes St
Burton Way
Riverside DrSu
nset
Blvd
San Pe
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Gran
d Ave
West e
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9th St
Alvara
do St
Ramp
art Blv
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Melrose Ave
Stocker St
Ver m
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Norm
andie
Ave
Sepulveda Blvd
Beethoven St
Long
Beac
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Overland Ave
Pacific Ave
Olympic Blvd
6th St
Mai n
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Verm
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Alameda St
Robe
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B lvd
7th St
Bundy Dr
La Tijera Blvd
Westwood Blvd
Figue
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Soto
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L a Ci
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Vernon Ave
Rimerton Rd
Martin Luther King Jr Blvd
Los Feliz Blvd
Cloverfield Blvd
York Blvd
Cahuenga Blvd
Hoop
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Beverly Dr
Spring St
Olympic Blvd
Rose Ave
Culve
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41st St
Ocean Park Blvd
Ave 26
4th St
Mateo
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National Blvd
8th StBeve
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Olympic Blvd
1st St
Rodeo Rd
Bran
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Sunset Blvd
Dohe
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Silve
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Blvd
Martin Luther King Blvd
Jefferson Blvd
4th St
Sun set Blvd
Temple St
Venice Blvd
Gatew
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Centinela Ave
Glen
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Ave
V erm
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Vine S
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Main St
San Vicente Blvd
Elysian Park Ave
Whittier Blvd
Bandini Blvd
San Vicente Blvd
Beverly Blvd
Washington Blvd
Centinela Ave
Figue
roa St
Montana Ave
Pico Blvd
Beverly Blvd
Hoov
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Gage Ave
Santa
Fe Av
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Hoov
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2nd St
Washington Pl
Hill S
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Beverly Glen Blvd
Broadway
Jefferson Blvd
40
Pasadena Ave
Stadium Way
Fletch
er Dr
Scott Ave
San Fernando Rd
16th St
Washington Blvd
Arlin
g ton A
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Abbot Kinney Blvd
Laurel Canyon Blvd
La Ci
eneg
a Blv d
Crystal Springs Dr
Pico Blvd
Cesar E Chavez Ave
Verdugo Rd
Neilson Way
Holloway Dr
Alame
da St
Slauson Ave
Venice Blvd
Sunset Blvd
3rd St
Mar ke
t St
Florence Ave
Fairfa
x Ave
Hollywood Blvd
Washington Blvd
La Br
ea Av
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Ross
more
Ave
Castle Heigh ts Ave
C res
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Hei gh
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Broad
way P
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Cren
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Blvd
Cattaraugus Ave
Silve
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Rowena Ave
Los Feliz Rd
Weste
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Academy Rd
Glendale Blvd
Kearney St
Hollywood Blvd
Sepulveda Blvd
Cold w
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a nyo
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Sepulveda Blvd
Mission Rd
Venice Blvd
Pico Blvd
Olympic Blvd
Martin Luther King Jr Blvd
Ripple S t
37th St
8th St
4th Pl
Florence Ave
La Br
ea Av
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3rd St
Eagle Rock Blvd
Culve
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P acif
ic B l
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Figueroa St
Hyperion Ave
Motor Ave
Adams St
Washington Blvd
5th St
Jefferson Blvd
Manning Ave
Vernon Ave
Broa
d way
Avalo
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Gowe
r St
Beverly Blvd
Slauson Ave
Franklin Ave
Pico Blvd
La Cie
nega
Blvd
Van Ness Pl
Fairfa
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P rair
ie A v
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38th St
Alpine St
Exposition Blvd
San ta
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Olympic Blvd
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20th St
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Sunset Blvd
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Universal CityWalk
The Grove
Villa Marina Marketplace
The Americana at Brand
Hollywood & Highland Center
The Home Stretch
The Marketplace at Hollywood Park
Westfield Fox Hills
Glendale Galleria
Beverly Center
Westfield Century City
Eagle Rock Plaza
Santa Monica Place
Westside Pavilion
Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza
Venice Beach Boardwalk
Santa Monica Pier
Getty Center
Rodeo Drive
Sunset Strip
Melrose Avenue
Farmer's Market
La Brea Tar Pits
Chinese Theater
Walk of Fame
Griffith Observatory
Universal Studios
Disney Hall
Olvera Street
Hollywood Bowl
Wiltern Theater
Staples CenterL.A. Convention Center
L.A. Memorial Coliseum
Nokia Theater
MOCA
LACMA
Third Street Promenade
Royce Hall
Ford Theater
Greek Theater
Hollywood Sign
Pacific Design Center
Natural History Museum
California Science Center
Historic Core
Bergamot Station
Dodger Stadium
Pantages Theater
Mariachi Plaza
Leimert ParkThe Wilshire / Santa Monica Corridor
Wilshire
Boulevard
Santa Monica
Boulevard
Wilshire Boulevard
Santa Monica Boulevard
San Diego Freeway
Santa Monica Freeway
Santa Monica Freeway
Marina
Freeway
Har
bor F
reewa
y
Arroyo Seco Park
way
Glendale Freeway
Golden State Freeway
Hollywood Freeway
Santa
Ana
Free
way
Ballona Creek
Los Angeles R iv er
Los Angeles River
Delimiting the Postmodern Urban Center:An Analysis of Urban Amenity Clusters in Los Angeles
- The Wilshire / Santa Monica Corridor -Internal structure of the metropolitan center revealed in Map B
(cartographic classes are rendered with 400-meter buffers from theunderlying 800-meter hexagonal cell arrays)
Miles0 1 2½
The Wilshire / Santa Monica Corridorwith Manhattan Island, to scale
Prevailing methods for delimiting urbancentrality tend to reduce urban place to amonetary space by focusing onemployment centers, commuting patterns,or ‘central’ land uses in order to identify adowntown or a Central Business District(CBD). This study elevates the experienceof place in the formation of urban structurethrough a focus on the core spaces ofcultural production as revealed through theurban environment of discretionary timeand leisure uses. Urban amenities areemployed as indicators of these corespaces.
Many previous studies on the structure ofLos Angeles conclude that the regionexhibits polycentrism with a weak ornonexistent core center, trending towardsgreater dispersion rather than towardscentralization. Recognizing that regionscan be ambiguously bounded,discontinuous, and internally inconsistent,rather than searching for a binary ‘truth’with a hard-edged boundary, a postmodernurban center is sought by this study. Thisnew analysis of urban morphology in theLos Angeles metropolitan area reveals bothpolycentrism and a strong core center.
Using a Local Indicators of SpatialAssociation (LISA) analysis, clusters areidentified among the locations of differenttypes of urban amenities. A centrality scoreis then calculated for every location basedon the number of spatially coincidentclusters of different amenity types there.This centrality score, in turn, is used tocartographically visualize urban structureand to delimit the central place (Map A).
The methodology, which is validated in theChicago and New York metropolitan areas,employs multiple regular hexagonal arraysinto which amenity location points areaggregated. These amenities are classifiedaccording to the North American IndustryClassification System (NAICS) and groupedby broad categories informed by otherresearch (see legend below).The hexagonal arrays are created at threedifferent scales and at two different offsetsfor each scale. These arrays, whose analysisresults are overlaid for a final analysis output,mitigate against the Modifiable Areal UnitProblem (MAUP) and reveal urban structuresoperating at multiple scales (Map B).
This study identifies a structural core centerin Los Angeles, which is christened theWilshire/Santa Monica Corridor (Map A).This corridor, comparable in function toNew York’s Manhattan ( Map C) or toChicago’s Loop, is a coherent unitcomposed of Santa Monica, Westwood,Beverly Hills, Fairfax, Hollywood,Koreatown, and Downtown Los Angeles.It includes most of the region’s most iconicurban districts and activity centers whileexhibiting strong primacy within the widermetropolitan region (Map B).
1. Purpose 2. Context 3. Concept 4. Methodology 5. Conclusions
See: Krueger, Samuel G. (2012). Delimiting the postmodern urban center: an analysis ofurban amenity clusters in Los Angeles (Master's thesis, University of Southern California).
© 2012: Samuel G. Krueger, Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California
Streets: EsriUrban Areas: U.S. Census BureauNeighborhoods: Los Angeles TimesWater Features and Shoreline: Cal-AtlasManhattan Island: U.S. Department of TransportationShopping Malls: Directory of Major Malls (via Esri Business Analyst)Other Amenities: Infogroup (via Esri Business Analyst)
AC
0 2Miles
Centrality Score100%[90%, 100%)[75%, 90%)[50%, 75%)[25%, 50%)[10%, 25%)
TinyURL.com/SamuelKrueger
Santa Monica
Beverly HillsHollywood
Downtown
Venice
Culver City
GlendaleBurbank
North Hollywood
Woodland Hills Van Nuys
Pasadena
Hermosa BeachGardena
LongBeach
Costa Mesa
John Wayne Airport
Disneyland
Fullerton
Huntington ParkInglewood
Torrance
Santa Ana
Mission Viejo
Little Saigon
San Juan Capistrano
AlhambraWest Covina
Rowland Heights
UplandClaremont
Chino Hills
Ontario Mills Mall
Arlington
Northridge
Ventura
Valencia Town Center
Redlands
Temecula
CrenshawEast Los Angeles
Monterey Park
Thousand Oaks
MalibuRiverside
San Bernardino
Artesia
Santa Clarita
Simi Valley
Camarillo
The Wilshire / Santa Monica Corridor
- Centrality in Metropolitan Los Angeles -Primary analysis results for the entire metropolitan area
(cartographic classes are rendered with 1-km buffers from theunderlying 2-km, 5-km, and 13-km hexagonal cell arrays)
0 10 205 MilesB
Urban Area
(Map A) →
Urban Amenity Categories:
Landmark
Cinemas, Spectator Sports, Recreation Facilities,Arcades, & Other Amusements
Performing Arts Venues, Museums, & Galleries
Book & Music Stores, Coffee Shops, Juice Bars,Ice Cream Parlours, etc.
High CultureHotel or MotelFull-Service RestaurantTrendy Hangout
Entertainment
With a Gross Leasable Area (GLA) over 400,000 ft²(included in the Entertainment category during analysis)
Shopping Mall
(also includes shopping malls with GLA's over 400,000 ft²during analysis)