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Dr.Mukta Girdhar

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India has a coastline of about 7516 Km5,400 km along the mainland

132 km in the Lakshdeep

1900 km andman & Nicobar

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The frequency of cyclone in the North IndianBasin is bimodal

May-June- Secondary peak

October-November-Primary peak

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There are thirteen coastal state, union territory inthe country, encompassing 84 coastal district which

are affected by cyclone,East Coast

North Orissa and west Bengal coastAndhra Pradesh coast between ongole andMachilipatnamTamilnadu coast, south of Nagapatnam

West CoastMaharastra coast (Gulf of Bombay)Gujrat Coast (Gulf of Kutch)

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Cyclone prone Areas-India

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Cyclone Accounts In India

Location Date/Area Damages

Bengal Oct.1847 75,000 people and 6000 cattle killed Damage to property and communication system.

Bengal Oct, 1874 80,000 people killed heavy loss to property and communication disrupted.

Andhra Coast Nov, 1946 750 people and 30,000 cattle lost life. Damage to property and roads also reported

Tamil Nadu Dec, 1972 80 people and 150 cattle killed and communication disrupted.

Bengal Sept, 1976 10 people and 40,000 cattle lost life. Damage to property including communication

Andhra Coast Nov, 1977 8547 people and 40,000 cattle lost life. Communication disrupted heavy loss to property.

Tamil Nadu May, 1979 700 people and 300,000 cattle lost life. Communication disrupted

Orissa Sept, 1985 84 people and 2600 cattle lost life. Land of 4.0 hac damaged.

Andhra Coast Nov, 1987 50 people and 25,800 cattle lost life, 8400 houses, roads and other communication disrupted.

Orissa June, 1989 61 people and 27,000 cattle lost life, 145,000 houses, communication disrupted.

Andhra coast May, 1990 928 human lives lost, 14000 houses damaged.

Tamil Nadu Nov, 1991 185 people and 540 cattle. Property including roads worth 300 Crores damaged.

Bengal April, 1993 Over 100 casualties, communication system including road disrupted and damaged.

Bengal Nov, 1994 More than a thousand houses damaged in 26 villages damage to lake and fisheries, disrupted allcommunication.

Andhra Coast Oct, 1996 1057 casualties, 647,000 houses damaged road network completely damaged.

Gujarat June, 1998 1261 casualties, 2.57 Lakh houses damaged.

Gujarat May, 1999 453 people died. Loss of property estimated to about Rs. 80 crores.

Orissa Oct, 1999 10,086 casualties, 21.6 Lakh houses damaged

Southern India

and Sri LankaDec, 2000

500,000 temporarily homeless destroyed around 83,000 houses and property.

Andhra Pradesh Oct, 2005 Kill about 100 people, displace three lakh families, and destroy crops and local infrastructure.

Andhra Pradesh Oct, 2006 41 deaths, 300000 livestock affected.

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Broad Assessment

Vulnerability Atlas of India (1997)

Vulnearability to Natural Disaster

Population at risk Storm Risk & Poverty

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Past Initiatives

Cyclone Distress Mitigation Committee(CDMC) in 1970.

Similar committees were also constituted

for the state of Orissa (1971) and WestBengal (1974).

Committee of Secretaries (CoS) 1978 Cyclone Review Committee (CRC) 1979,

submitted report 1984

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Past Initiatives

A High Powered Committee (HPC) on

Disaster Management (DM) wasconstituted in 1999, prior to the Orissasuper cyclone.

Calamity Relief Fund (CRF) has been setup on the recommendation of the IXthFinance Commission

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Past initiatives by some States

World Bank-assisted Cyclone Emergency Reconstruction Project (CERP)taken up by the Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1990.

1996, The Government of Andhra Pradesh has set up a separate DisasterManagement Unit (DMU) to implement the World Bank-funded Andhra

Pradesh Hazard Mitigation and Emergency Cyclone Recovery Project(APHM & ECRP), and is currently functioning as the Andhra Pradesh StateDisaster Mitigation Society (APSDMS).

The Government of Orissa constituted the Orissa State Disaster Mitigation

Authority (OSDMA), as a Government owned autonomous body after theOctober 1999 super cyclone

five units of Orissa Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF) which is speciallytrained and equipped force to deal with cyclones and other disasters.

They are stationed at Jharsugda, Balasore, Cuttack, Chhatrapur andKoraput.

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Past initiatives by some States

Orissa has established an extensive VHF network

The Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA) was

established for the implementation of the reconstruction programme.

After Tsunami 2004 Gov decided to pass a DM Act-2005

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National Cyclone Risk Mitigation project

World Bank assistance of about US $300 million, covering 13

coastal states and UTs. NCRMP consists of the

following four components:

i) Component A: Improvement of early warning dissemination system by

strengthening Last Mile Connectivity (LMC) of cyclone warnings andadvisories from source/district/sub-district levels to community.

ii) Component B: Cyclone risk mitigation investment which has identifiednine subcomponents like construction of cyclone shelters, construction ofsaline embankments, mangrove plantations, shelterbelt plantations, etc.

iii) Component C: Technical assistance for hazard risk management and

capacity building

iv) Component D: Project management and institutional support

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What are Cyclones?

A "Cyclonic Storm" or a"Cyclone" is an intensevortex or a whirl in theatmosphere with very

strong windscirculating around it inanti-clockwise directionin the Northern

Hemisphere and inclockwise direction inthe SouthernHemisphere.

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Cyclones are intense low pressure areas

The amount of the pressure drop in the centre and therate at which it increases outwards gives the intensity ofthe cyclones and the strength of winds.

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There are different names of TropicalCyclones in different regions, namely,

Hurricanes in Caribbean, Atlantic and North AmericanRegions.

Typhoon in Pacific.

Severe Cyclonic Storm in Indian Ocean.

Baguio in Philippines.

Old timers in Australian West Coast call it Willy Willy

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Parameters followed by World Meteorological Organization(W.M.O.) are:

Types of DisturbancesAssociated wind speed in the

Circulation

1. Low Pressure Area2. Depression

3. Deep Depression4. Cyclonic Storm5. Severe Cyclonic Storm6. Very Severe Cyclonic Storm7. Super Cyclonic Storm

Less than 17 knots ( < 31 kmph)17 to 27 knots ( 31 to 49 kmph)

28 to 33 knots ( 50 to 61 kmph)34 to 47 knots ( 62 to 88 kmph)48 to 63 knots ( 89 to 118 kmph)64 to 119 knots ( 119 to 221 kmph)120 knots and above ( 222 kmph

and above

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Naming of Tropical CycloneTropical cyclones are named to enable easy identificationand to eliminate confusion. Names are taken from the list

which very from region to region and are selected few yearsearlier. The list is decided upon, depending on the region ,

either by the committees of the world meteorologicalorganization or by National Weather offices involved in the

fore casting of cyclone.

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Types

There are six main types of cyclones:

Polar Lows,

Polar Cyclones,

Extra tropical cyclones,

Subtropical cyclones,

Tropical Cyclones,

Meso Cyclones,

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A Polar low is a small scale, short livedatmospheric low pressure system that isfound over the ocean areas poleward of

the main polar front in both the Northernand Southern hemispheres. The systemsusually have a horizontal length scale of

less then 1,000km and exist less then acouple of a days.

Polar Low

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Polar Cyclone

Polar cyclone is a low pressure weathersystem which spanning 1000 to 2000 kmin which the air is circulating counter

clockwise (in the northern hemisphere).Polar cyclone can occur at any time duringthe year

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Extra Tropical Cyclone

Extra Tropical cyclone is a low pressuresystem, neither polar nor tropical. Theynormally occur in a mid latitude area. It is

often describe as a low pressure area byweather fore cost.

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Extra Tropical cyclone

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/UK-Cyclone.gif

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Subtropical

It has the characteristics of tropical andExtra Tropical cyclone. They form near theequator region

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Sub Tropical Strom

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Subtropical_Storm_Andrea_2007.jpg

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Mesocyclone

A mesocyclone is a vortex of air 2km to4km in diameter. Air rises and rotatearound vertical axis

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Mesocyclone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greensburg3_small.gif

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Cyclone on Mars

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mars_cyclone.jpg

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Tropical Cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a warm storm systemfuelled by thunderstorm near its centre. Itfeeds on the heat released when moist air

rises and the water vapour in itscondenses.

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CharacteristicsTropical cyclones are characterized by

destructive winds, storm surges exceptional levels of rainfall, which may cause

flooding.

Strong winds during cyclone

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GalesGales are strong winds associated withTropical Cyclones. They have the potential tocause immense damage to life and property

Typical Damage caused by gales areBlowing of rooftops (Tin & Asbestos Sheets)Bending of electric and telephone polesCollapse of Microwave towers & high tension

transmission towersBlowing of advertisement hoardings etc.

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Storm Surge

Storm surge is a abnormal rise of sea water near thecoast, Storm surge depends on

Cyclone intensity

Bathymetry of the coastline

Coastal configuration

Angle at which the cyclone strikes the coast

Time of landfall

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Storm Surge

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The worlds highest recorded storm tide was about 12.5m (about 41 ft) and it was associated with theBackergunj cyclone in 1876 near the Meghna estuaryin present-day Bangladesh. A storm tide of closermagnitude (12.1 m) was also observed in WestBengal at the mouth of the Hooghly River in association with a severe cyclone

in October 1737.

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Structure

Horizontal structure

Vertical Structure

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Horizontal Structure

There are four major components ofHorizontal structure

1-Eye- Centre of the mature cyclonic stormSize is 10-50 km in diameter within a centraldense overcast region, generally free ofclouds and is surrounded by thick wall ofclouds

2- Eye Wall- 10-15 km thick wall of connectiveclouds where maximum winds occur. This isthe most dangerous part of the cyclone

3- Rain/Spiral band- Beyond the eye wallregion, the major convective clouds in acyclonic storm responsible for heavy rains,have a spirally bandad structure. Thesebands are hundreds of km long and few kmwide

4-outer storm area- This is the region beyond250 km from the centre where the wind iscyclonic but wind speed decreases slowlyoutside

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Vertical Structure

There are three layers1-Inflow layer

The lowest layer from the surface toabout 3 km is called the inflow layerwhere the wind is towards the centre.

2-Middle layerThe layer between 3 to 7.6 km up to

storm is called the middle layer wherethe wind flow is mostly tangential withlittle are no radial component

3-Out flow layerThe layer above 7.6 km up to storm is

called outflow layer where the wind isanti-cyclonic

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Life cycle of Cyclone

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Development of cycle of tropical cyclones may be dividedinto three stages:-

a) Formation and Initial Development.b) Full Maturity.c) Modification or decay.

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Formation and Initial Development Stage:

Following atmospheric and oceanic conditions arenecessary for development of a cyclone storm:

A warm sea temperature in excess of 26 degreescentigrade, which provides abundant water vapour in the

air by evaporation.

High relative humidity of the atmosphere which facilitatescondensation of water vapour into water droplets and

clouds, releases heat energy thereby inducing a drop inpressure.

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It is an intense low pressure system thatdevelops over the warm waters of the Oceans

It is associated with Gales (strong winds),

Heavy rains and Storm surges

Wind speeds of the order of 200 kmph Rainfall of the order of 40 50 cms/day

Storm surges of 7 metres high

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Mature Tropical Cyclones:

The main physical feature of a mature tropical cyclone is aspiral pattern of highly turbulent giant cumulus thunder cloud

bands. These bands spiral inwards and form a dense highlyactive central cloud core which wraps around a relativelycalm and cloud free eye. The eye looks like a black hole ordot surrounded by white clouds.

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Modification or Decay:

A tropical cyclone begins to weaken interms of its central low pressure, internalwarm core and extremely high winds as

soon as its source of warm most air beginsto ebb or are abruptly cut off. Theweakening of a cyclone does not mean thedanger to life and property is over. When

the cyclone hits land, especially overmountainous or hilly terrain, riverine andflash flooding may last for weeks.

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Times of formation

Worldwide, tropical cyclone actively peak inthe late summer when water temperatureare warmest. Each basin, has its own

seasonal pattern. On a worldwide scale,may is the least active month andseptember is the most active month.

Potential Damage Elements

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Potential Damage Elements

Strong Winds (150-250 Km/Hr) Damage

installations, dwellings, communicationsystems; trees, roofs may be blown off, Roads/Railway tracks affected.

Heavy Rains- Prolonged heavy rains(20-30

cm/day) may lead to flash floods, soil erosion,water polluted. Outbreak of epidemics.Problems during relief works

Storm Surge- Most destructive elementAbnormal rise of sea level (2 to 5 m or more)

Inundation of coastal belt at the time of land fall

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Secondary Effect

Disease

Power outages

Damage to infrastructure

Water Supply

Communication

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Important Tropical Cyclone

Bhola Cyclone (1970)

Devastating cyclone in the history, it stuckon the east of Pakistan now it is a part ofwest Bangal, nearly 500,000 people died.

Wind speed-185km/h

Other Countries: -

On 3rd May 2008 Cyclone Nargis devastated Myanmar

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On 3rd May 2008,Cyclone Nargis devastated Myanmarkilling 134000 people. The massive destruction causedby Nargis was largely because of a combination offactors. It hit the highly populated and low lying

Irrawaddy River Delta in a high tide period of the Bay OfBengal, which is the worlds most notorious cyclonebasin.

On 15th November 2007,Cyclone hit the Bangladesh

coast. It was the strongest cyclone to hit the country. Thehead of the Red Crescent in Bangladesh had expectedthe death toll to reach as high as 10,000. Over 3,000other fishermen were reported missing on over 500fishing boats. Total damages came close to $450 million.

On August 23, 2005, Hurricane Katrina the costliest andone of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of theUnited States hit the same. At least 1,836 people losttheir lives in Hurricane Katrina and in the subsequentfloods.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone

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Orissa SuperCyclone:-1999

Wind speed_ 260-300km/hStorm Surge-30 feetHit- 90 mile coastal areaImpactLoss of human life-9615Population affacted -12 millionCattle death-4,00,000

Number of village affacted:-7,921Damaged house-8,00,000Agriculture area damaged-1.67 million

POST-CYCLONE SATELLITE DATA

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02 Nov,1999 04 Nov,1999 05 Nov,1999

08 Nov,1999 11 Nov,1999 13 Nov,1999

Radarsat Radarsat IRS-1D WiFS

IRS-1D WiFS IRS-1D WiFS IRS-1C WiFS

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Gujrat Cyclone

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Gujrat CycloneCoast line-1600km

Wind speed-160-170

Storm surge-3m high, heavy rain fall

Impact

12 district affacted

Loss of human life-1173, missing1774

Population affacted -12 million

Damaged house-2.5,00,000

Estimated loss-190 crores

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Aila Cyclone-2009

West Bengal, Bangladesh,

Formed 23May Hit 26 May

Wind speed-110Km/h

Death-325, 8000missing

Damage-552.6 million doller

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Cyclone Risk Mitigation & Preparedness Framework

N d l i f it i d

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Nodal agencies for monitoring andearly warning of disasters

India Meteorological Department(Cyclones, Floods, Drought, )

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Present Cyclone Warning Organisation inIndia

Area Cyclone Warning Centre (ACWCs) at

Calcutta, Chennai and Mumbai.

Cyclone Warning Centres (CWCs) at Bhubneswar,Vishakhapatanam and Ahmedabad.

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NETWO

RKOFWXRADARS

26 Nos

STORM WARNING RADARS

- 17 Nos.

- 9 Nos.

Enhancement of Observational

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Enhancement of ObservationalNetwork

Land based

Ocean based

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Land Based Observation

Early establishment of planned Automatic

Weather Stations (AWS) and Rain-gauge

Network.

Establishment of at least one High WindSpeed Recorder and one surge recorder for eachcoastal district, vulnerable to cyclones (on priority basis).

Enhancement of a Doppler Weather Radar

Network over coastal regions at an intervalof 300 km along the coast

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Ocean Based Information

Enhancement of shallow water and deep

water buoy network over Indian seas.

Enhancement of ocean observations

involving ships, Coast Guard

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Space-Based Observations

Ensure the operational service of at least twogeostationary satellites over Indian seas at anygiven point of time, especially during cyclonemonths.

Generation of high spatial resolution data

sets of land-surface parameters on weekly/bi-weekly basis utilising IRS and other global

satellites

Cyclone warning Generation

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Cyclone warning Generation

IMD

Cyclone warning centres(Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai)

Area Cyclone Warning Centres(Vishakhapatnam, Visakhapatnam, Bhubaneshwar)

This process is co-ordinated in the office of

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Dy Director General of Meterology WeatherForecasting Pune

Dy Director General (Cyclone Warning) atNHAC (Northern Hemiesphere AnalysisCentre) Delhi

RSMC

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RSMCRegional Specialised Meteorology Centres

Six RSMC Centres (Recognised by WMO)

RSMCDelhi,

RSMCHonolulu (USA),

RSMCTokyo (Japan),

RSMCSt. Denis (La-reunion),

RSMCNadi (Fiji),

RSMCMiami,

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As an international commitment

through the WMO/ESCAP (Economic and Social

Commission for Asia and Pacific) Panel on TCs,TC advisories are issued by RSMC, New Delhi, toESCAP panel member countries during TCs in theBay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The three

hourly advisory messages are issued eight times a

day. The ESCAP Panel countries are Bangladesh,

India, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Sri

Lanka and Thailand.

Doordarshan and All India Radio (AIR)

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( )stations at New Delhi are provided cyclone warninginformation by RSMCNew Delhi for inclusion inthe national broadcast/telecast. Information oncyclone warnings is furnished on a real time basisto the Control Room in the MHA, Government ofIndia and NDMA, besides other ministries anddepartments of the Government and to the cyclone prone

state governments. User specific warnings are issued tocommercial shipping lines, the merchant navy,ports, Fisheries Departments and fishermen,

government agencies, all transportation services(land, ocean and air), farmers, others speciallyregistered with IMD, AIR, Doordharshan and otherTV channels, print media and the general public.

Four-Stage Cyclone Warning System

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Four-Stage Cyclone Warning System

Pre-Cyclone Watch

Issued as soon as a depression forms

Cyclone Alert

Issued at least 48 hours before

commencement of bad weather

Cyclone warning

Issued at least 24 hours before commencement of bad weather

Post-landfall outlook

Issued 12 hours before cyclone landfall

Seven stage warning System

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Seven stage warning System

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General Counter Measures

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General Counter Measures

Effective early warning

Evacuation of people from low lying areas

Public Education & Awareness

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Special Problem Areas

Assessment of effects and needs may be difficultdue to bad weather

Widespread destruction or loss of counter disasterresources (transport, emergency food, medical

supplies etc.) Difficulty of access and movement in carrying out

urgent relief operations Search & Rescue

Rehabilitation of agriculture (tree crops, salinity).

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Potential for reducing Hazard

Coastal Belt Plantation or bio shield

Coastal belt plantation can reduce the effect of the hazard. Forest actas a buffer zone against strong wing and cyclonic storm. The lack offorest cover allow water to inundate large area and causedestruction

Improving Vegetation cover

Improvement of the vegetation will increase water infiltration in to thesoil. The root of the plant and tree will intact the soil and preventerosion.

Plantation of trees in a row act as a wind break and cause lessdestruction

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Hazard Mapping

Meteorological records of the wind speedand direction give the probability of thewind in this region. Past records and paths

can give the pattern of particular windspeeds. A hazard map will illustrate theareas vulnerable to the cyclone. It will be

useful to estimate the severity of thecyclone and damage intensity of theregion.

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Engineered Structures

Houses can be strengthen to resist wind and flooddamage.

A row of plant row will act as a shield. It reduce theenergy

Building should be wind and water resistant

Building storing food supplies must be protected againstthe wind and water

Communication line should be installed underground

Provide strong hall for community shelter in vulnearablelocations.

Cyclone Shelters:

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Cyclone Shelters:One of the most successful means of reducing lossof human lives during cyclones, is the provision of

cyclone shelters. In densely populated area, wherelarge scale evacuation is not usually possiblecommunity buildings, buildings used for largegatherings like schools, dharmshalas, hospitals,prayer halls, temples, churches, etc can be used ascyclone shelters. They should be so designed so as

to provide a blank faade with minimum apertures inthe direction of prevailing winds. Shorter side ofbuilding should face the storm

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Sea Wall

A seawall is a coastal defense constructed usually of reinforcedconcrete on the inland part of a coast to prevent the ingress of stormsurges arising out of cyclones. Sometimes the sea wall isconstructed with a multiple purpose of reclaiming low lying land orpreventing coastal erosion. The height of sea walls is determined

according to the maximum observed height of storm surges whichmay be as high as 10 meters.

Sea walls can be vertical, sloping or curved. Modern concrete seawalls tend to be curved to deflect the wave energy back out to sea,reducing the force. There are instances of many sea walls which

were constructed after devastating cyclones and which successfullyprevented such disasters.

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Different Vulnerable Sector

Marine resources:-Coastal Vegetation, Agriculture,Fisheries

Shiping

Oil & Natural gas

Mining

salt

L l I

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Local Issues

Cattle Breeders

Gujrat cyclone:-50,000 cattles

Orissa Cyclone:-370,000

Loss:-US$ 26 million

Manycattle breeding communities live nomadic lives.Thi k t ki d i diffi lt h l

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This makes tracking and warning difficult when cycloneapproach.

Evacuating cattle within short time period is difficult

Difficulties arises in processing loss claims as it ispossible to identify and associated carcasses withowners

Cattle catch diseases after cyclones. Treatment maycostly and may result in fatalities

Disposal of carcasses is very difficult

Partially decomposed carcasses make it difficult forhuman to excavate pits and burry them after the first fewdays

C l L b

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Casual Laborers

Informal association with the employers

These worker cannot claim any damageentitlement from the employers

Documented evidence of their existence ismissing because of that it is difficult tocome with actual human loss;

Specific Preparedness MeasuresSpecific preparedness measures to counter the impact of

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Specific preparedness measures to counter the impact oftropical cyclones may be classified into two categories,namely Long Term and Short Term:

Long Term Measures

The long term or seasonal measures need to be planned,

implemented and operationally tested and co-ordinated bymeans of simulation exercise well before a seasonal threatcommences. Among these are pre-season co-ordinationmeetings held at headquarters, district and local levels. Inthese meetings operational contingency plans are reviewedand amended. Thereafter training and communitypreparedness programs conducted and communityinspections made of all facilities and services that constitutecommunity lifelines.

Sh t T M

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Short Term Measures

These relate to a state of readiness to cutin once a contemporary cyclone threat isannounced. Among these are domestic,

vocational and animal husbandryarrangements to safeguard the survival,property assets and livelihoods of

individual families and communities.

Training and Community Participation

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g y p

Systematic methods must be employed to inform peopleabout the threat of a disaster. There are several

methods of promoting public information and education: Public dissemination of information through mass medialike radio, television, newspapers including vernacular,poster campaigns, town councils and village meetings.

Education programmes Separate designs for different

age levels may be offered in schools, universities and tolocals as part of curriculum.

Training programmes should be offered for local officialswho will play a part in disaster mitigation, preparedness

and post disaster assistance. Community based training that emphasies post disasteractivities to be given at village and taluk level.

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Post Disaster AssistanceThe initial response by local authorities should

(Municipality/Taluk/Village) include: Evacuation Emergency shelter Search and rescue Medical assistance Provision of short term food and water

Water purification Epidemiological surveillance Provision of temporary lodging Reopening of roads Reestablishment of communication networks and contact with remote

areas

Debris clearance Disaster assessment Provision of seeds for replanting

T he Cyclone seasonC C

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Check the house: secure loose tiles. Carry out repairworks for doors and windows;

Remove dead woods or dying tress close to the house;

anchor movable objects like loose tin sheds, loose bricksgarbage cans sign boards etc. which can fly in strongwinds;

Keep some wooden boards ready so that glass windowscan be hoarded, if needed;

Keep a first aid box handy; Demolish condemned buildings: Keep some extra batteries for transistor radio: Keep some dry non-perishable food ready for

emergency use: and Keep essential medicines for yourself and your family

members.

When Cyclone Alerts and Warnings are on Listen to radio and TV;

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; When you have heard about a cyclone keep monitoring the warnings. This

will help you for preparing yourself for cyclone emergency: Pass on information to others:

Dont pay any heed to rumours: Believe in official information: Do not spread rumours: When a cyclone alert is on for your area, continue normal working listen to

the radio warnings and act accordingly: Remember that a cyclone alert means that the danger is with 24 hours.

Keep alert: When your area is under cyclone warning get away from lowlying

beaches or other low lying areas close to the coast: Leave early before your way to high ground or shelter gets flooded: Do not delay and run the risk of being marooned; If your house is well built on high ground, take shelter in the safer part of the

house.

However if asked to evacuate, do not hesitate to leave the place: Board up glass windows;

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When Evacuation Is Instructed

Head for the proper shelter or evacuationpoints indicated for your area;

Do not worry about your left over property.

At the shelter or relief camp, followinstructions of incharge

Remain in shelter or relief camp, untilinformed to leave.

Post-Cyclone Measures

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Post Cyclone Measures

One should remain in shelter until

informed to return home; Get inoculated against infectious diseases

immediately;

Strictly avoid any loose and dangling wirefrom the lamp post;

If you are to drive, drive carefully

Clear debris from your premisesimmediately.

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Time period of Debris clearance usually 48-72 hrsis sufficient in case of moderate volume ofDebris.

Priority of Debris clearance is given to clearDebris from emergency evacuation routes,access roads to critical facilities.

Message to be conveyed to the local residentsfor co-operation and help when clearance work isgoing on.

For life saving measures, emergency removal ofDebris is utmost important.

Conducting daily briefing with Debris Managerand other officials, regarding daily progress ofwork and other issues.

After Disaster: -

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continued

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Regular monitoring of Debris removalactivity and Documentation.

Regular meeting with key Debrisoperation staffs for estimated time

line and completion date. After completion of Debris

operations, Debris management sitesare properly closed and restored in

accordance with technicalrequirements.

Beyond Disaster: -

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Labour and acceptable time requirement: -

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Heavy equipments required-Bulldozers,Dumpers, Cranes Trucks with trained andskilled drivers, labours and mechanics for

repair work. Fully equipped Cutters and welders with

their assistants & helpers.

The equipments used for Debris clearance

will be procured from GovernmentAuthorities, private companies donatedfrom National and International agencies.

Equipments owned by individuals will also

be used.

Availability of heavy equipments andother resources: -

Role of Municipalities District governments State

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Role of Municipality: site selection for debris dumping,providing trucks, dumpers, bulldozers, cranes andtrained, efficient workers.

Role of District Government:-the district administration is

the focal point for implementation of all governmentalplans and activities. The District collector administer theday to day function of relief work which includes debrisclearance in all departments at the district level.

Role of State Government:- providing authentic plansand guidelines for Debris management and funding.

Role of Municipalities, District governments,Stategovernment and Central government: -

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Sandy Cyclone

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Sandy Cyclone

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