cyclic fatty acid monomers (cfam) from heated...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated Vegetable Oils Increase F2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in
Plasma and Urine of Rats
Presented by:
Jean Mboma, PhD CandidateSchool of NutritionLaval University
Quebec City, QC, Canada
Jean Mboma, Hélène Jacques, Nadine Leblanc, Amandine Rocher, Claire Vigor, Camille Oger, Guillaume Reversat, Joseph Vercauteren, Jean Marie Galano, Thierry Durand, Paul Angers
![Page 2: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fritsch C.W., 1981.
![Page 4: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sébédio, J.L et al. Grasas Aceites, 47, 5-13 (1996).Sébédio, J.L. et al. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 68, 299-302 (1991).
Frankel, E.N. et al. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 87-90 (1984). Gere, A. et al. Fette Seifen Anstrichm., 87, 359-362 (1985)Sébédio, J.L et al. Rev. Fr. Corps Gras, 34, 15-18 (1987).Poumeyrol, G. Rev. Fr. Corps Gras, 34, 543-546 (1987).
Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM)
0.01 – 0.66 %CFAM in domestic
heated vegetable oils
![Page 5: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DOCUMENTED EFFECTS OF CFAM
CFAM induce drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat (Siess et al., 1988)
CFAM modify the activities of some enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation in the rat (Lamboni et al., 1998; Martin et al., 2000)
CFAM have a peroxisome proliferation effect in mice (Bretillon et al., 2003)
CFAM are preferentially detoxified via drug-metabolic pathway andβ-oxidation (Desmarais et al., 2015)
![Page 6: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
ab
Live
r wei
ght (
g)
Hepatomegaly with CFAM
p<0.05n = 9
0
0.5
1
1.5
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
a
b
Hep
atic
tota
l lip
ids
(g)
More liver total lipids with CFAMp<0.05n = 9
CFAM effects on liver weight and total lipids
Mboma et al, (data not published)
![Page 7: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CFAM effects on liver TAG and Phosphatidylcholine
TAG: Triacylglycerols; PC: Phosphatidylcholine
0
15
30
45
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
b
Hep
atic
PC
(nm
ol/m
g pr
otei
n)
a
Less liver PC with CFAMp<0.05n = 9
0
27
54
81
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
a
Hep
atic
TAG
(mg/
g pr
otei
n) b
More liver TAG with CFAMp<0.05n = 9
Mboma et al, (data not published)
![Page 8: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
0
50
100
150
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
ba
mg/dL
CFAM effects on plasma cholesterol and lipoproteinsMore total Cholesterol with CFAM
p<0.05n = 9
0
30
60
90
120
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
b
a
mg/dL
More LDL-C with CFAMp<0.05n = 9
mg/dL
0
10
20
30
40
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
ba
Less HDL-C with CFAMp<0.05n = 9
![Page 9: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Milne et al., 2011
F2t-Isoprostanes (IsoP)
![Page 10: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IsoP, Oxidative Stress, Pathophysiological Conditions
Oxidative damage
Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
InflammationTissue injury
![Page 11: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Hypothesis Consumption of CFAM from heated vegetable oils increases oxidative stress
To assess the impact of the intake of CFAM on the concentrations of isoprostanes, neuroprostanes and mediators of inflammation in liver, plasma and urine of rats
Objective
![Page 12: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MATERIAL AND METHODS
![Page 13: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GC-FID
275 °C - 12h – (Sébédio et al. 1987)
Saponification - AOCS Ca-6a-40
Esterification – MeOH, H2SO4
Column chromatography - silicic acid – adapted from AOAC 982.27
Urea Fractionation(Sébédio et al. 1987)
H2O + HCl 3%, extraction with hexaneH2O + HCl 3%, extraction with hexane
Synthesis of picolinic esters(Destaillats et Angers, 2002)
Fresh Linseed Oil
Heated Linseed Oil
Free Fatty Acids
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, FAME
Polar Fraction Non Polar Fraction
Urea adduct CFAM Fraction
CFAMLinear Chain FAME
Piconylic esters of CFAM
CFAM Extraction from Linseed Oil
GC-MS
Column chromatography
Urea fractionation
Purification
![Page 14: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Canola oil Soybean oil
Control group CFAM group Control group CFAM group
Casein 180 180 180 180
Sucrose 200 200 200 200
Maize starch 420 420 420 420
Cellulose 50 50 50 50
L-Cysteine 3 3 3 3
Choline bitartrate 2 2 2 2
Vitamins mix (AIN-93-VX)* 10 10 10 10
Mineral mix (AIN-93G-MX) 35 35 35 35
Lipids (+0.02% TBHQ) 100 99.5 100 99.5
CFAM 0 0.5 0 0.5
* American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93 (Harlan Teklad, Madison, WI, USA).
Formulation of purified diets (g per kg of diet)
![Page 15: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
53.3
47.7
CFAM Composition in the CFAM diet groups
0.5% CFAM of dietary fat
Fatty Acid Composition of the Diets
0
9
18
27
36
45
54
63
SFA MUFA LNA ALA n-6/n-3
Canola oil Soybean oil
Wei
ght %
of t
otal
fatty
aci
ds
SFA: 16:0 | MUFA: 18:1n-9 | LNA: 18:2n-6 | ALA: 18:3n-3
6-carbon ring 5-carbon ring
![Page 16: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Study Protocol
Liver Urine(24-hour collection)
28 days
Blood
Plasma
Centrifugation4ºC, 10 minutes, 2000 g
Canola oilCanola oil + 0.5% CFAM
Soybean oil Soybean oil + 0.5% CFAM
4 Diet groups
36 male Wistar ratsn = 9150-200 g
![Page 17: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
IsoP Extraction
Preliminary treatments- Grinding (Liver)- Centrifugation- Hydrolysis (Liver, Plasma)
Extraction of IsoP- Sample preparation- SPE Cartridge Conditioning (2 solvents)- Sample Loading- Cartridge Wash (4 solvents)- IsoP Elution- IsoP Concentration- Sample Dilution in Mobile Phase
micro-LC-MS/MS
Data Acquisition and Treatment
![Page 18: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IsoP Analysis: MicroLC-MS/MS
1. microLC Conditions
Eksigent micro-HPLC coupled to a QTRAP 5500
system
An HALO C18 column (10 X 0.5 mm, 2.7 µm)
LC mobile phase: A (H2O, 0.1% formic acid) and B
(ACN/MeOH, 80:20, v/v, 0.1% formic acid)
Time (min) A (%) B (%)
0 83 17
9.5 78 22
11.5 70 30
15 70 30
16 5 95
2. MS/MS Conditions ESI negative mode N2 as curtain gas Optimization of energy MRM detection of analytes
3. Quantification
Software: MultiQuant AUC IsoP/AUC Internal Standard (IS) = f(concentration of IsoP and IS)
Binary gradient
![Page 19: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1. Experiment: 2 x 2 factorial design
2. Data = Mean ± SEM
3. Test 1: ANOVA (p≤0.05)
4. Test 2: Tukey HSD, in cases of significant interactions
5. Software: SAS v. 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA)
Statistical Analysis
![Page 20: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
![Page 21: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Yield Matrix effect Coefficient of variation (%)
IS Concentration (pg/µL) Mean (%) STD Mean (%) STD Yield Matrix
effect
LiverAll concentrations 96.2 14.2 71.5 11.1 14.8 15.5
32 96.9 19.6 74.5 15.1 20.2 20.3256 95.4 8.4 68.4 4.8 8.8 7.0
PlasmaAll concentrations 80 12.9 73.2 7.9 16.1 10.8
32 87.9 12.8 67.8 5.1 14.6 7.5256 72.1 7.6 78.5 6.5 10.5 8.3
UrineAll concentrations 100.5 10 74.7 10.6 10.0 14.2
32 96.8 12.6 70.1 13.1 13.0 18.7256 104.2 5.8 79.2 5.5 5.6 6.9
Precision and repeatability of the method(IsoP Quantitation)
![Page 22: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
High levels of plasma IL-6 in Soybean oil + CFAM diet group
40
50
60
70
0Non-CFAM CFAM
pg/mL
b
aa a
Inflammatory Markers(ELISA)
p<0.05n = 9
Canola oil Soybean oil
![Page 23: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Log10
No changes in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP)
Inflammatory Markers(ELISA)
0
1
2
3
4
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
p>0.05n = 9
![Page 24: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
0
9
18
27
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
Plasma fatty acids
Plasma linoleic acidSoybean oil > Canola oil
P<0.0001n = 9Weight %
of total FAME
a a
b b
0
6
12
18
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
Plasma arachidonic acidSoybean oil > Canola oil
P = 0.003n = 9Weight %
of total FAME
a
a
bb
0
2
4
6
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
Plasma n-6/n-3 ratioSoybean oil > Canola oil
P<0.0001n = 9
Weight %of total FAME
a a
b b
![Page 25: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Liver Isoprostanes (IsoP)15-F2t-IsoPNo differences
p>0.05n = 9
0
20
40
60
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
pg/mg
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
pg/mg p>0.05n = 9
2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoPNo differences
![Page 26: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Plasma Isoprostanes (IsoP)
ng/mL
0
140
280
420
560
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
A
B
15-F2t-IsoPCFAM > Non-CFAM
p<0.05n = 9
0
40
80
120
160
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
a
b
2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoPCFAM > Non-CFAM
Soybean + CFAM > Canola + CFAM
p<0.05n = 9
ng/mLc
![Page 27: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Urinary Isoprostanes (IsoP)
0
40
80
120
160
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
aa
b
b
15-F2t-IsoPSoybean oil > Canola oil
ng/mL p<0.05n = 9
0
35
70
105
140
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
c
b
aa
2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoPCFAM > Non-CFAM
Soybean oil + CFAM > Canola oil + CFAMng/mL
p<0.05n = 9
![Page 28: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Urinary Neuroprostanes (NeuroP)
0
15
30
45
60
Non-CFAM CFAMCanola oil Soybean oil
a
b
aa
4(RS)-F4t-NeuroPSoybean oil + CFAM > 3 other diet groups
ng/mL p<0.05n = 9
High levels of plasma IL-6 in Soybean oil + CFAM diet group
40
50
60
70
0Non-CFAM CFAM
pg/mL
b
aa a
![Page 29: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conclusions
CFAM induce an increased production ofmarkers of oxidative stress in the rat.
However, the increase is amplified by ahigh-linoleic acid diet compared to a high-oleic acid diet.
Oil antoxidant content?
![Page 30: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Merci !Muchas gracias!
Thanks !
Pr. Joseph VercauterenDr. Thierry DurandDr. Claire VigorDr. Camille OgerAmandine RocherJonas CagetMichael PigniolGuillaume Reversat
Pr. Hélène JacquesPr. Paul AngersPr. Jean CollinNadine LeblancAntoine GodinCharlène Marcotte
France Canada français
![Page 31: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Select referencesChristie, W.W., Brechany, E.Y., Sébédio, J.L. and Le Quéré, J.L. Silver ion chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of cyclic monoenoic acids formed in frying oils. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 66, 143-153 (1993) Morrow JD, Chen Y, Brame CJ, Yang J, Sanchez SC, Xu J, Zackert WE, Awad JA, Roberts LJ. (1999) The isoprostanes: unique prostaglandin like products of free radical-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. Drug Metab Rev. 31:117-139.Roberts LJ, Morrow JD. (2000) Measurement of F2-isoprostanes: a reliable index of oxidant stress in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med. 28:505-513.Voutilainen S, Morrow JD, Roberts LJ, Alfthan G, Alho H, Nyyssonen K, Salonen JT. (1999) Enhanced in vivo lipid peroxidation at elevated plasma total homocysteine levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 19:1263-1266.Keaney JF, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Wilson PWF, Lipinska I, Corey D,cMassaro JM, Sutherland P, Vita JA, Benjamin EJ. (2003) Obesity and systemic oxidant stress: clinical correlates of oxidative stress in the Framingham Study. Arteroscl Thromb Vasc Biol. 23:434-439.Martin JC, Joffre F, Siess MH, Vernevaut MF, Collenot P, Genty M, Sébédio JL (2000) Cyclic fatty acid monomers from heated oil modify the activities of lipid synthesizing and oxidizing enzymes in rat liver. J Nutr. 130(6):1524-30Rom O, Jeries H, Hayek T, Aviram M. Supplementation with linoleic acid-rich soybean oil stimulates macrophage foam cell formation via increased oxidative stress and diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-mediated triglyceride biosynthesis. Biofactors 2016; doi:10.1002/biof.1319.Gustafsson IB, Vessby B, Ohrvall M, et al. (1994) A diet rich in monounsaturated rapeseed oil reduces the lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and increases the relative content of n-3 fatty acids in serum in hyperlipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 59:667-674. Zamani E, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Sotoudeh G, Keramat L, Eshraghian M, Rafiee M, Koohdani F (2017) The interaction between ApoA2 −265T>C polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nutr 56(5):1931-1938.Benson MK, Devi K (2009) Influence of omega-6/omega-3 rich dietary oils on lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes in normal and stressed rats. Indian J Exp Biol 47:98-103Halliwell B, Lee Y.J.C. Using Isoprostanes as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: Some Rarely Considered Issues. Antioxidants Redox Signal.2010;13(2):145-56.Dupuy A, Le Faouder P, Vigor C, Oger C, Galano JM, Dray C, Chung-Yung Lee J, Valet P, Gladine C, Durand T, Bertrand-Michel J. Simultaneous quantitative profiling of 20 isoprostanoids from omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids by LCeMS/MS in various biological samples. Anal Chim Acta 2016;921:46e58.Oger C., Bultel-Poncé V., Guy A., Balas L., Rossi J-C., Durand T., Galano J-M. The handy use of Brown’s catalyst for a skipped diyne deuteration: application to the synthesis of a d4-labeled-F4t-neuroprostane. Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 13976-13980. A. Guy, C. Oger, J. Hepekauzen, C. Signorini, T. Durand, C. De Felice, A. Fürstner, J-M. Galano. Oxygenated Metabolites of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid as Potential Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: Total Synthesis of 8-F3t-IsoP, 10-F4t-NeuroP, and [D4]-10-F4t-NeuroP.Chem. Eur. J. 2014, 20, 6374-6380
![Page 32: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Online resources:Sébédio. AOCS Lipid Library, http://lipidlibrary.aocs.org/OilsFats/content.cfm?ItemNumber=39220. http://womanjour.ru/uploads/posts/2016-02/1455015883_original.jpghttp://www.waters.com/webassets/cms/category/media/content_blocks/seppak_block_2.jpghttp://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0731708515002642-fx1.jpghttp://orgchemboulder.com/Technique/Procedures/Columnchrom/Images/Flash21.jpg (chromatography)http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0378382015300205-fx1.jpg (urea fractionation)https://oprocyn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/oxidative-stress-image.jpghttp://www.uwgb.edu/UWGBCMS/media/chemistry/images/chemistry.jpg?ext=.jpg
Select references
![Page 33: Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers (CFAM) from Heated …lacongress.aocs.org/Documents/Meetings/LACongress/...2-Isoprostanes Concentrations in Plasma and Urine of Rats Presented by: Jean Mboma,](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022011802/5b2bbeff7f8b9a594c8b7dea/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Soybean oil > Canola oil Ratio n-6/n-3 Linoleic acid Arachidonic acid Antioxidant status
High plasma cholesterolHigh liver triacylglycerolsPeroxisome activity
Soybean oil + CFAM > Canola oil + CFAM Combination soybean oil and CFAM effects
Rom et al, 2017, Gustafsson et al, 1994, Zamani et al, 2017, Benson and Devi, 2009, Voutilainen et al, 1999.
DISCUSSION