Developing Cyber Security Framework in Nepal

Prepared by

Dr. Ramhari SubediWashington D.C., USA

April 06, 2016

1ST General Meeting

1st General Meeting - Press Release

• Cyber Security 1st Initiative Meeting in Nepal - Dr. Ram Hari Subedi in cyber security welcomed all the participants. The meeting commenced with introduction of each personnel involved. Dr. Subedi provided an overview about the “Cyber Security Awareness Campaign”. He informed the participants about the modality in which the campaign is to be conducted. During this briefing session he outlined the situation of cyber-security in Nepal as well as on the global scale.

• He focused on making the campaign as effective as possible. With mobilization of every stakeholder like government bodies, education institution and also with the support Non-Resident Nepali (NRN) the campaign can be held on a wide scale covering maximum audience. He also pointed out the need of a compact team of IT experts and professionals, who can smoothly convey the true knowledge of the campaign to the audience.

• Dr. Subedi, deliver a brief presentation on Cyber Security in the context of the world providing true facts and figures, findings and real example. He gave a short description on today’s E-Generation and the impacts the Internet has made on the daily lifestyle of the people. As being a former employee of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), he shared his valuable experience about the way cyber security proceedings are carried out in the USA.

• Mr. Shankar Pd. Sharma, Head CSIT in Texas International College gave a presentation on the modality of running the campaign. In USA, the month of October is celebrated as National Cyber Security Awareness month. Mr. Sharma proposed a similar initiative to be started in Nepal as well. He proposed to operate the campaign by dividing it into three specific parts: Friends of the Campaign, Cyber Awareness Coalition and Cyber Citizen Forum.

• He urged the need to involve every individual or institution associated with cyber security in the campaign. Nepal Police, government agencies, education institutions etc. are some of them. Similarly, he highlighted the need to form a coalition of a strong team to tackle the threats in the cyberspace in the context of Nepal. Mr. Sharma also outlined the need of a comprehensive research on cyber security in Nepal, which can prove helpful to any party desiring to study on the topic or start any new initiative.

• Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari, Operations Manager at Nepal Certifying Company gave a brief presentation on E-Governance pointing out its position in Nepal and highlighting its advantages and disadvantages and also showcased some of its shortcoming in the context of Nepal.

2nd General Meeting

2nd General Meeting – Press Release• The second general meeting of Cyber Security Initiative was held on 27th May, 2016 at Kantipur City College, Putalisadak. The

meet was chaired by Dr. Ramhari Subedi.

In Cyber Security with Mr. Bikram Khadka, Mr. Bikash Neupane and Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari among the other participants. The meet was focused on the basic presentation to be given to the audience during the Cyber Security Seminar.

The meeting started with Mr. Khadka presenting the logo for the campaign and moved ahead with his presentation on ethical hacking. He provided useful information about ethical hacking with convenient insights about hacking, virus and various terminologies in ethical hacking.

Later on, Mr. Neupane presented on Social Media Awareness. He provided a short background on the scenario of social media on the global context. He presented some interesting facts and figures about social media; mainly focusing on Facebook.

Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari demonstrated on the basics of computer. His presentation was more practical and informative.Lastly, Dr. Ramhari Subedi spoke on developing cyber security framework in Nepal. He demonstrated a conceptual groundwork about the cyber security campaign. He proposed a common presentation for every trainer which would have excerpts from each of their respective presentations.

Program Sponsored by Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer / CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA

Anil Pandey - CEO of www.motherlandnepal.org, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA

3rd General Meeting

3rd General Meeting - Press Release• SSP Serbendra Khanal, Dr. Ramahari Subedi and his team proposed a work with Nepal Police in an effort to make awareness

campaign successful in Nepal.• The third general meeting of Cyber Security International Nepal was held on 31st May, 2016 at Texas International College,

Chabahil. Dr. RamhariSubedi in Cyber Security chaired the meeting. All the members of the CSI Nepal were present during the meeting. Mr. Nirmal Sharma, renowned actor of Nepal also participated in the meeting.

• Mr. Laxman Bhattarai began the meet with his presentation on Web Security, Web Sense and Data Backup. The information he provided during his presentation were very useful in making users aware about the true importance of web security and data backup.

• Er. Kumar Pudasaini then delivered his presentation on Prospects and Challenges of Information Security in BFIs. He presented various facts and figures about the importance of data security. He highlighted the need to make data security a major priority, stating that ignorance in this matter can lead to serious consequences. Er. Pudasaini said that, “Information security must be treated as process not a product, it must be taken as something that is to be done by ourselves not something to be bought.”

• Then Mr. Nirmal Sharma, a familiar face from the film industry shared his experience of being part of the team to raise awareness about cyber security. Mr. Sharma said, “It is a pleasure to be part of such an effort and getting to know new aspect about cyberspace.” He expressed his willingness to contribute to the campaign any possible way and assured to help spread the campaign to the general public.

• SSP Sarbendra Khanal from Nepal Police also joined the meeting later on. He shared his experience of dealing with real cases of cybercrime. He said, “In Nepal cybercrime has become a huge problem and majority of those problem has occurred due to lack of awareness among the users. So, as our resources to deal with cybercrime are limited and the only way we can deal with this issue for the time being is through spreading awareness.”

• Dr. Ramahari Subedi proposed a collaboration with Nepal Police in an effort to make this campaign spread nationwide to which SSP Khanal responded positively saying Nepal Police is ready to provide all kinds of assistance possible through its resources to this campaign.

• This program was sponsored by Prem Bhandari and Anil Pandey from the USA

Meeting with Crime Investigation Department of Nepal Police

Meeting with Crime Investigation Department of Nepal Police AIG Bigyan Raj Sharma

• Location: Nepal Police Headquarter, Naxal• Time: 12.30 PM local time, June 3rd 2016• Agenda:• Submitting a draft of the proposal for support from Nepal Police• Submitting a draft of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to be done between CSI Nepal and Nepal Police.• Discussion about making the cyber security awareness program a sucees and possible help from Nepal Police.• Note:• Cyber Security International Nepal team held a meeting with AIG Bigyan Raj Sharma of Nepal Police at Police Headquarter

Naxal.• The primary objective of the meeting was to submit a draft of proposal for support from Nepal Police for the awareness

program and the MoU for any kind of support from Nepal Police. AIG Sharma asked certain time to study the proposal and MoU before moving ahead with making any kind of agreement.

• AIG Sharma admired the initiative by CSI Nepal to run an awareness campaign on cyber security. He assured to provide any possible logistical support necessary for the programs and a special session by a representative of Nepal Police to speak from the legal and practical aspects of cybercrime.

• He also asked the CSI Nepal team to come up with an action plan about how it will be moving ahead with its program. He mainly focused on the need for a clear roadmap for at least a year so that enough funds could be raised from various donors to make the programs financially sustainable. AIG Sharma also suggested a systemized groundwork on establishing a compact organization so that these programs can be run across the country.

• CSI Team was very positive towards the encouraging advises from AIG Sharma. Dr. Ramhari Subedi expressed commitment from the entire CSI Nepal team to build a robust organization capable of organizing effective awareness, training sessions across the country.

1st Awareness Event Gyanodhya School Kalimati

1st Awareness Event Gyanodhya School Kalimati – Press Release

• First CyberSecurity Awareness Campaign by CSI in Kalimati Kathmandu - Dr. Ramhari Subedi impacted the listeners positively

June 2, 2016, Cyber Security International Nepal (CSI) conducted its first awareness campaign at the premises of Gyanodaya Higher Secondary School, Purano Kalimati , Bafal. The awareness campaign was attended by the students and teachers of Gyanodaya Higher Secondary School. The awareness campaign was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer / CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO of Motherland Nepal Organization, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

It was a success with numbers of interested students and teachers who eagerly wanted to know more about the cyber security and to overcome cyber threats and challenges. Cyber Security Awareness Campaign was started with a welcome speech by Mr. Shahasram Dahal, one of the student of Gyanodaya Higher Secondary School.The program was inaugurated by Dr. Ramhari Subedi, CEO, Cyber Security Institute International (CSII) and DC Nepal. With a powerful presentation on cyber security Dr. Subedi stated the evolution of information technology and their effects on our life in positive as well as negatively. With globalization people have been facing so many problems of hacking and phishing, virus infections and cyber terrors which can disrupt the personal as well as professional working cycle.

And he stressed the need to work more closely together as a shared mission to safeguard computer networks from cyber-attacks, which even with development in digital world the cyber-crimes has been growing continuously and none of the sector is safe from its threats.

Nepali cyberspace is prone to attack and Nepalese people lack awareness about cyber threats, with lack of knowledge workers and infrastructure in related field. With real-life examples, facts and figures like- yearly loss due to cyber-attacks, mental stress and even death of people because of hacker attacks and others Dr. Subedi impacted the listeners positively.Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari, CEO, ICT Frame Magazine Nepal, also remarked the basic tips of using internet and consumer protection. He said, “CSI as a team and people like you are important assets in building a more secure access to internet, depleting the threats and overcoming the challenges of cyber-crime.”

“We are very thankful for the opportunity to attend this awareness seminar on Cyber Security; we have been using face-book, mails and other websites without knowing the other side of it,” mentioned by one of the student who attended the seminar. Students and teachers found this awareness campaign to be very interesting and informative, adding that Cyber Security Awareness Campaign is helping to lead the way towards the development of safer use of internet.

The awareness campaign was successfully concluded with the speech of Mr. Kuldeep Prasad Budhathoki, Vice-Principal, Gyanodaya Higher Secondary School with his views on cyber-crime. He said,” It’s a great opportunity to have CSI Team here at Gyanodaya H.S. School with our students which surely has encouraged them to get aware about threats of cyberspace and move ahead to safeguard their data.”

2nd Awareness Event – Sainik School, Bhaktapur

2nd Awareness Event at Sainik School – Press Release

• Sainik Awasiya Mahabidhyalaya, Sallaghari - Dr. Ramhari Subedi brought up real life #Cyber-crime cases and incidents during his explanation.• Participation: 295 students, June 3rd 2016.• Overview:

2nd Cyber Security Awareness Program was successfully held at Sainik Awasiya Mahabidhyalaya, Sallaghari. The program was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer / CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO of www.motherlandnepal.org , Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

• About the program:The program was organized successfully in the program hall of Sainik Awasiya Mahabidhyalaya with a very significant participant turnout of 295 students.The school’s principal Mr. Shamim Anwar Shamim delivered the opening speech for the program. He praised the efforts of Cyber Security International Nepal to raise awareness about cyber security threats and challenges deeming an issued not to be ignored by students.

• Mr. Biplav Man Singh, Chairman of Nepal Certifying Company was invited as special guest in the program. He discussed about the way Internet has taken its place in our lives and the extent to which it has eased up our lifestyle. He added that though Internet has proven to be advantageous in today’s world it also comes with a flip side. Mr. Singh cited the lack of awareness about the negative aspects of the Internet as the catalyst in ever-increasing cases of cybercrime.

• Mr. Sahadev Chaudhari shared his views on need to be cyber-literate in today’s age. With development of the cyberspace various negative factors of it have also come up. He referred students being most vulnerable to exploitation through the Internet and highlighted the need for such awareness.

• Dr. Ramhari Subedi then delivered an effective presentation on Developing Cyber Security Framework for Nepal.The presentation was very informative and illustrative as Dr. Subedi brought up real life cases and incidents as well during his explanation. His inclusion of facts and figures related to cybercrime, hacking, website compromises and so on were pretty intriguing for the students as they were able to gain new knowledge. He also explained facets of social media and the ways in which we can secure ourselves in it.

• He termed awareness as the first line of defense and urged everyone to take cyber security threats as real issue and start keeping it in a priority list. He outlined the present reality of people being glued to their smartphones and Internet, creating and unsocial environment and called for a change in this situation to start from the students.

• DSP Pashupati Raya from Nepal Police Crime Investigation Bureau also took a short session with the students. He came up with more practical implications of misuse of the cyberspace citing its consequences a culprit can face. He also presented many real cases where people have got into trouble unknowingly. He informed that social media is the sector in which almost 90% of the cybercrime incidents take place in Nepal. So, DSP Raya urged the students to be aware about sharing information in the social media and be careful about using the cyberspace.

• Feedback:The students were enthusiastic throughout the program, expressing their excitement of being a part of such a program. They were quite interactive in the program showing their agreement to various ideas and knowledge shard by the experts.

• The teachers of Computer Science in the school were also present in the program, terming it as a new, successful and very effective session in informing students about cyber security. The college administration also expressed willingness to organize a few more sessions from CSI Nepal in the near future.

3rd Awareness Kantipur City College

3rd Awareness Event at Kantipur City College – Press Release

• CSI CyberSecurity Awareness Camp at Kantipur City College - CEO of CSI Dr. Ramhari Subedi exposed the problems people have been suffering from cyber-attacks.

• Putalisadak, Kantipur City College: June 3, 2016, Cyber Security International (CSI) Nepal, successfully conducted their third awareness camp on cyber security. The seminar was full of students and teachers of Kantipur City College who early waited to hear and realize about, how critical is the cyber-attack, virus infection, hacking and phishing.

• CEO Dr. Ramhari Subedi exposed the problems people have been suffering from cyber-attacks. He shared how one of his colleagues has been facing the problem of his hacked facebook account just because of one-click on unnecessary virus link that we can easily see on facebook site and other websites too.

• The awareness camp was alive with life related practical examples, videos and voice messages of the victim who really has been facing these cyber threats daily. CSI team coordinator Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari, effectively gave the participants simple tips to protect themselves while using social media.

• Involvement of participants was high where they raised questions regarding to cyber policies and laws our country have been and will implement for these crimes.

• The IT Head of Kantipur City College, Mr. Raju Kattel wrapped up the camp saying, “We have to exchange information and best practices related to preventing cyber-crime and online fraud. Everyone should be protected from online predators for this we need professionals like CSI who really can aware us on such matter.”

• The program was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer / CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO ofwww.motherlandnepal.org, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

Meeting with minister (communication) Sherdhan Rai

Meeting with communication minister Sherdhan Rai – Press Release

• Dr. Ramhari Subedi proposed for creation of Department of CyberSecurityas a separate government wing that will be tasked with dealing with all the issues related with cybercrime

• Minister of Information and Communication to Support CSI, Nepal• June 4, 2016, Cyber Security International (CSI) Nepal held a meeting with Minister of Information and Communication Mr.

Sher Dhan Rai at Singha Durbar.• Dr. Ramhari Subedi, Chairman of CSI Nepal and other team members including Mr. Nirmal Sharma, a media personality

were present during the formal meet; where he gave a brief presentation showcasing the scenarios of lack of cyber security and the weak preparedness of Nepal to deal with massive cyber-attacks in the future.

• On behalf of the CSI Nepal team Dr. Subedi proposed for creation of Department of Cyber Security as a separate government wing that will be tasked with dealing with all the issues related with cybercrime, developing cyber security level and coordinating with all other government bodies to create a secure cyberspace environment in Nepal.

• He even mentioned, “A separate government body is very essential to deal with cyber security issues as, after being a separate institution it can freely work for education and awareness in this sector as well as prepare necessary infrastructure and formulate or modify concerned policies.”

• CEO of ICT Frame Magazine and coordinator of CSI Nepal Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari added that, “Nepal is yet to enter into complete digitalization, but from the day this becomes reality we would be dealing with a huge no. of cybercrimes as important activities enter the digital world. So, we need to be prepared with the infrastructure that will help us fight the future catastrophe of flurry of cybercrimes.”

• Minister Rai acknowledged the requests made by the CSI Nepal team and assured to act on them. He said, “Cyber security is a very important issue currently, and government is also aware about the need of a separate wing to deal with it. I will move ahead with this issue in coordination with other concerned ministries and departments and deliver fruitful results soon.”

• Mr. Shankhar Pd. Sharma, Head of CSIT of Texas International College and one of the members of CSI Nepal team and Mr. Bharat Raj Uprety both the members of CSI Nepal team were also present in the formal meeting.

4th Awareness Shi-gan’s International College

4th Awareness Shi-gan’s International College – Press Release

• CSI Team with Shi-gan’s International College - Dr. Ramhari Subedi unveiled the unseen matters which impacted the viewers to know more about the real life cyber-attacks

• The program was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer / CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO ofwww.motherlandnepal.org, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

• After continuous three successful awareness seminar by Cyber Security International (CSI) Nepal- June 4, 2016, Maharajgunj, Shi-gan International College was the fourth institute with presence of Shi-gan’s students and faculty members for Cyber Security Awareness Camp.

• It was another effective seminar where students and teachers grabbed practical as well as theoretical knowledge regarding the safety measures and information about cyber security. CEO Dr. Ramhari Subedi along with CSI Team including Mr. Nirmal Sharma- a media personality showcased the reality of ‘Digital World’, where the use of internet has become another basic need of today’s people.

• Mr. Nirmal Sharma has also been facing so many problems of hacking and virus infections while using social sites. He said, “It’s good to see friend requests and chat online but there’s another world where those requests and chats can be the curse.” He delivered his interests on CSI and how important this awareness camp is for every user who carry cell phones and use internet.With facts and figures, victim’s messages and voice mails, Dr. Subedi unveiled the unseen matters which impacted the viewers to know more about the real life cyber-attacks; people actually have been facing and asking help for.

• Mr. Bharat Raj Upreeti, one of the team members of CSI expressed the importance of the seminar and why CSI as a team is giving their full effort to aware local people; who surely in the future have to deal with cyber-attacks and threats.

• Miss. Rima Kumari Mukhiya, Head of Microbiology Department with a speech concluded the awareness camp. Miss. Mukhiya said, “The awareness camp like these are what Nepalese people actually need in the current scenario because so many of us has been trapped in similar cyber related threats, We are very thankful to CSI Team for choosing our college for the delivery of such real life problems which indeed has awaked us. We surely have to move ahead as a team to deplete such cyber-challenges”

5th Cyber Security Awareness Session at Texas International College

5th Cyber Security Awareness Session at Texas International College – Press Release

• June 5, 2016 - Cyber Security Awareness Session at Texas International College - Dr. Ramhari Subedi highlighted protection of sensitive information, as with development in technology

• The program was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer / CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO of www.motherlandnepal.org, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

• A session about #cybersecurity awareness was held at Texas International College by Cyber Security International (CSI) Nepal. This is another successful event organized by CSI Nepal team in its bid to raise awareness about cyber security in Nepal.

• Dr. RamhariSubedi, Chairman of CSI Nepal delivered the main presentation on cyber security: its situation, future scenario and preventive measures.

• Through his presentation Dr. Subedi talked about various topics related to the cyberspace such as: phising, identity theft, online payment system and so on. He shed light on the growing hacking trend with the growth in digitization of information across the globe.

• He said, “The main focus of cybersecurity is protection of sensitive information, as with development in technology our lives are being more dependent on it, making us prone to more cyber-attacks than ever. So, we need to take cyber threats as a serious and real threat and move forward to preventing it.”

• The participants were patient and attentive during the whole session, acknowledging the issue of cyber security and the need to move forward to help prevent it.

• Mr. Shankar Pd. Sharma, Head of CSIT at the college and a member of CSI Nepal team winded up the meet with his view on cyber security in Nepal. he said, “ Cyber threat is a very serious and real threat which must be dealt collectively as in the future when Nepal moves into full digital phase, this threat may get worse than now.”

6th Cyber Awareness for SLC students Chabhil, Kathmandu

6th Cyber Awareness for SLC students Chabhil, Kathmandu – Press Release

• Cyber Awareness for SLC students - program was conducted under the leadership of Dr. Ramhari Subedi and coordination of Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari.

• 8th June, 2016: Cyber Security International Nepal held its 6th awareness campaign at Chabahil. The students who just gave SLC examinations were the primary target group of this program. The number of participants in the program was very encouraging as they all were pretty enthusiastic and participative during the whole period.

• The awareness campaign was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer / CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO of Motherland Nepal Organization, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

• Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari, CRO of ICT Frame and Operation Manager at Nepal Certifying Company delivered an informative and valuable presentation. He provided insights about cyber security and cyber policy and procedures in Nepal which were very useful for the students.

• Mr. Pradeep Thapa, Marketing Officer of McAfee Antivirus in Nepal was present as a guest speaker. He explained the students about the efforts of McAfee in minimizing cyber threats and the importance of gaining knowledge about such threats.

• Mr. Bikram Khadka, CEO of Black Hawk was another speaker in the program. He provided very useful information about a possible career path in IT sector. Since, the importance and scope of cyber security is every growing these days, he said that students pursuing career in this sector can create a good career as well as contribute in building the cyber security in the country.

• On the backdrop of growing cyber threats in Nepal especially through the social media, the speakers also gave various suggestions and tips about the proper use of social media so that they don’t fall victim to any kind of cyber crimes.

• The program was conducted under the leadership of Dr. Ramhari Subedi and coordination of Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari.

7th Cyber Security Awareness at NCIT College by Cyber Security International

7th Cyber Security Awareness at NCIT College by CSI – Press Release

• June 10th 2016 - Cyber Security International (CSI) Nepal successfully concluded its awareness program at NCIT College, Balkumari. This was the 7th session in a school/college by CSI Nepal which is dedicated in raising awareness about cyber security in Nepal. Er. Kumar Pudasiani and Mr. ChiranjibiAdhikari, both members of the CSI Nepal team delivered a joint presentation.

• The awareness campaign was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer /CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO of MotherlandNepal Organization, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

• Er. Kumar Pudasaini started the program with the presentation on Cyber Security and its challenges. Er. Pudasaini stressed on the need to be prepared and secured to deal with the new threats emerging daily and also pointed out the capacity of novice attackers to carryout sophisticated attacks highlighting the need to take the cyber threats more seriously. He specifically focused on the need for large organizations to increase investments in securing the information to deal with such threats.

• Mr. ChiranjibiAdhikari then continued the presentation with valuable information and tips to stay safe from growing malware threat across the cyber space. He said that being an IT expert does not make one safe from these threats as they too are likely to fall victim to cybercrimes. Mr. Adhikari too stressed on the need for top level management to be serious about these cyber threats and take decisions to secure their organizations.

• Both the speakers urged the present IT professionals to be aware about the legal aspects of cybercrime and know the arrangements made in the Electronic Transaction Act. There know-how may be useful in tackling these problems and also picking out possible loopholes or the weaknesses of the policies.

• The program was a very effective one as the participants present were IT professional pursuing their under-graduate and graduate degrees from the college, who were the direct stakeholders of cyber security problem. After the conclusion of the presentation they raised many crucial questions about cyber security like the ethics of large corporate houses in IT to spread these awareness among the customers. The program was conducted under the leadership of Dr. Ramhari Subedi and coordination of Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari.

8th cyber security awareness at Khwopa Engineering College

8th cyber security awareness at Khwopa Engineering College – Press Release

• June 11, 2016 - CSI Nepal completed its 8th awareness program at Khwopa Engineering College, Bhaktapur which is one of the prominent engineering education institutions in Nepal. The present participants were students of computer engineering from the college. Er. Kumar Pudasaini and Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari spoke on the issues, challenges and possible remedies for cyber security in Nepal.

• Er. Kumar Pudasaini started the presentation with a small intro about IT evolution with subsequent explanation about development in capabilities of attackers to carryout complicated attacks with few knowledge and resources. Today the main threat of information breach is from internal stakeholders rather from hackers or cyber terrorist so organizations must simultaneously improve their defenses against these threats and general public increase their knowledge about possible cyber threats.

• Continuing the presentation Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari spoke on topics such as malware, ransomware, network security and need for awareness programs like this. Since, social media is the major source of cybercrimes in Nepal, he highlighted the need to be aware about what should/should not be share in it. One must be aware about the possible consequences about ignoring these measures.

• The participants were very excited to present in the session and requested to be part of this effort by CSI Nepal team to spread awareness across Nepal. Most of them stressed on the need to take this type of program to school level, rural area where these problems are high in frequency.

• The awareness campaign was sponsored by Mr. Prem Bhandari - Civil Engineer /CEO of AMA Engineering, Virginia USA and Mr. Anil Pandey - CEO of Motherland Nepal Organization, Honorary PRR of NTB, California USA.

• The program was conducted under the leadership of Dr. Ramhari Subedi and coordination of Mr. Chiranjibi Adhikari.

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