C.W. ShelmerdineIntroduction to Greek 2nd edition(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)

Chapter 4

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleMasculine nouns of the 1st declensionImperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Some uses of the definite articleVerbs taking genitive or dative

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleMasculine nouns of the 1st declensionImperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Some uses of the definite articleVerbs taking genitive or dative

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleRecall the feminine forms of the article:

singular

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. plural

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. The vocative never uses a definite article, but regularly precedes anoun in the vocative.

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleThis chapter introduces the masculine forms:

singular

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. plural

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. The vocative never uses a definite article, but regularly precedes anoun in the vocative.

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleThis chapter also shows the neuter forms, which differ from the masculine only in the nominative and accusative (see Chapter 6):singular

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. plural

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. The vocative never uses a definite article, but regularly precedes anoun in the vocative.

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleMasculine nouns of the 1st declensionImperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Some uses of the definite articleVerbs taking genitive or dative

Shelmerdine Chapter 32. Masculine nouns of the 1st declensionMasculine nouns differ in the singular from feminine nouns in that they use - in the nominative, - in the genitive and in the vocative. Otherwise, they appear like honor. Hence judgepluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. = Nom.singularNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc.

Shelmerdine Chapter 32. Masculine nouns of the 1st declensionMasculine nouns follow the rule that if a stem ends in , , or , then a long replaces the (cf. country), but such nouns are very rare, and young man is the only such noun in your Core Vocabulary:singularNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. pluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. = Nom.

Shelmerdine Chapter 32. Masculine nouns of the 1st declensionMasculine nouns follow exactly the same accent rules as feminine nouns. Accents are persistent and may begin on the antepenult, penult or ultima.The in the vocative is short (but the in the vocative of young man is long!). Masculine names in this declension can have different vocative forms.

Shelmerdine Chapter 3Masculine nouns of the 1st declensionThe masculine forms of the definite article will accompany masculine nouns, even though their endings are different: plural singular

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleMasculine nouns of the 1st declensionImperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Some uses of the definite articleVerbs taking genitive or dative

Shelmerdine Chapter 4 parse/parsing1st, 2nd or 3RD PERSONSINGULAR or PLURALPRESENT, IMPERFECT, or FUTUREINDICATIVE ACTIVE

Shelmerdine Chapter 4singular- (I)- (you)- (s/he, it)plural- (we)- (you, yall)- (they)the endings for the imperfect(also known as secondary endings)

Shelmerdine Chapter 43. Imperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) The imperfect (in fact, any secondary tense in the indicative mood) also adds an augment to the beginning of the stem.This augment appears as an - attached to the beginning of the stemPresent: -imperfect: -

Shelmerdine Chapter 4singular (I loose) (you loose) (s/he, it looses)plural (we loose) (you, yall loose) (they loose)present tensepresent stem =

Shelmerdine Chapter 4singularpluralimperfect tense stem = Notice how the accent rules make the accent shift.

Shelmerdine Chapter 43. Imperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) The imperfect tense refers to ongoing or repeated past action. Think of it as action in the past that you see as a moving video in your head.

Shelmerdine Chapter 43. Imperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) English can convey the idea of the imperfect tense in several ways:I was going (standard default translation)I used to goI tried to go (called conative)I began to go (called inchoative)

Shelmerdine Chapter 43. Imperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Thus you can translate a Greek imperfect verb in several ways: .The young man was pursuing the wagon. The young man used to pursue the wagon.The young man tried to pursue the wagon.The young man began to pursue the wagon.

Shelmerdine Chapter 43. Imperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Context and what sounds natural in English should guide your translation: .The citizens used to worship the goddess (but not anymore)The citizens were worshiping the goddess (while something else was happening)

Shelmerdine Chapter 43. Imperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Context and what sounds natural in English should guide your translation: .The citizens tried to persuade the judge (but never did)The citizens were busy persuading the judge (while something else was happening)

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleMasculine nouns of the 1st declensionImperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Some uses of the definite articleVerbs taking genitive or dative

Shelmerdine Chapter 44. Some uses of the definite article Greek uses the article in some places where English does not use the:As a possessive, where the item belongs to the subject: .He leads his army.

Shelmerdine Chapter 44. Some uses of the definite article Greek uses the article in some places where English does not use the:To indicate a class or type: .Poets provide honor.

Shelmerdine Chapter 44. Some uses of the definite article Greek uses the article in some places where English does not use the:with abstract nouns: .Justice causes peace.

Shelmerdine Chapter 44. Some uses of the definite article Greek uses the article in some places where English does not use the:with proper nouns: .Athena .Athens

Shelmerdine Chapter 4The paradigm of the definite articleMasculine nouns of the 1st declensionImperfect active indicative of thematic verbs (1st principal part) Some uses of the definite articleVerbs taking genitive or dative

Shelmerdine Chapter 45. Verbs taking genitive or dativeUnless indicated otherwise, a Greek verb takes its object in the accusative case. Some verbs take other cases, however: .He is king of the country. .They trust (put their trust in) the goddess.

Shelmerdine Chapter 45. Verbs taking genitive or dativeIf a verb takes its object in the genitive or dative, the vocabulary entry will indicate it: (+ gen.) be king, reign (+ dat.) trust, believeOtherwise, assume the verb takes its objects in the accusative

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