GEOLOG GROUP 2010 Budget Meetings

Servicio Avanzado de Monitoreo de Volumen de Recortes para Evaluacion de limpieza y estabilidad del Hueco abierto.

Curso de Entrenamiento

Milan, Jan 2012A.Martocchia 1Half day:Overview (Video Bolivia) What For?Cutting Recovery Factors (Drilling Parameters, Hydraulic Parameters and other control variables)CVM Rig SurveyCVM Feasibility Study of installationCVM installation at rig site

Half dayDeliverable Standard Reports (Daily Report, Phase Report, FWR) Enhanced Reporting System WorkBench for CVM Coming soonDaily maintenance procedures and Maintenance Check ListCalibration sheetClient Service assessmentRecommendation letters Case History TemplateNew ATEX Machines controlled by software

2Table of Contents2Appendix 1 The Machine (in warehouse) 3 hrs

Appendix 2 Software (Moreno) 3 hrs

Appendix 3 BFOU Cable Make Up (in warehouse) 30 min/person

Appendix 4 Coefficient Calculation 2hrs

Appendix 5 Workbench for CVM (Baldini, Fantauzzo)

Appendix 6 Practical Course at rig site (10-14 Days)Practical experience of CVM at Rig Site will be part of the trainingThe practical course consist of working in double at rig site, during drilling, together with a CVM specialist. The attendee shall practice the topics of CVM Course at rig siteCVM Practical Course at Rig site_Skills Check list.xlsx

3Table of Contents3GeoCVM Video Introduction.wmv

4CVM Overview45Para que el Monitoreo de Volumen de Recortes? Para controlar EN TIEMPO REAL la limpieza de recortes solidos del hueco abierto a fin de evitar:

Aprisionamientos - Stuck PipeDisminucin de la ROP Area de corte obstruidaIncremento del Torque Fatiga mayor de la herramientaIncremento del ECD Mayor peso en la columna.Zapateo del trepano con su consecuente ensanchamiento del Hueco, SPP pulsante e incremento de la Inestabilidad del pozo.

Para detectar EN TIEMPO REAL la inestabilidad del hueco abierto mientras se perfora.Para medir y cuantificar Cavings (solidos por derrumbe), a fin de que esta informacion sea util para optimizar operaciones de cementacin.

56 Para disminuir y evitar perdidas de lodo y daos del Reservorio (fracturas y microfractura, ya que el peso del lodo debe permanecer bajo, sin solidos que sobrecargen la hidrosttica. El exceso de cuttings en la columna incrementan el ECD lo que tambien induce a perdidas en formacion.

Extracto de un programa de perforacin

Extracto de un programa de perforacin

Para que el Monitoreo de Volumen de Recortes?67 Al perforar arcillas pegajosas, es preponderante monitorear la limpieza del hueco abierto, ya que la presencia de cuttings al fondo en cada parada de circulacin pueden ocacionar Empaquetamientos, Vibraciones, Zapateos (Bit Balling), Altos torques, Caidas en la Rata de penetracin, Presiones de bomba pulsantes, que afectan de manera importante a la estabilidad del hueco abierto.

Extracto de un programa de perforacin

Para que el Monitoreo de Volumen de Recortes?78Al detectar a tiempo un derrumbe, puede evitar el aprisionamiento de la herramienta, y dar lugar al reacondicionamiento de la estabilidad del hueco.

Una estiamcin erronea de la limpieza del hueco, puede conducir a decisiones herradas en el acondicionamiento del lodo.

Extracto de un programa de perforacin ...a menos que se cra que el hueco no esta bien limpioque se cra es mas una asumpsin, que esta lejos de ser un metodo de medicion cientfico. Como estimaramos suficiente recorte viniendo de las zarandas?Arrastres, resistencias y torque puede probar que el hueco no esta limpio?

Para que el Monitoreo de Volumen de Recortes?89A que pueden conducir los problemas de estabilidad del hueco abierto:

Derrumbes / Colapsos

Aprisionamientos

Fallas de cementacin (Volumenes de cemento mal calculados).

Para que el Monitoreo de Volumen de Recortes?910CVM Cutting Volume MonitoringWhat for?In Deepwater drilling borehole stability issues are frequent because of:- Young formations and very reactive- Sands are often unconsolidated- Shallow clay (gumbo) are very soft and stickyActive Shales could react with drilling mud increasing the volumeleading to Tight Spot and possible stuck pipe.

Fractured Formations could create borehole stability problems (cavings)

1011CVM Cutting Volume MonitoringWhat for?CVM prove EN TIEMPO REAL informacin de la estabilidad del hueco abierto y las condiciones de limpiezaCVM prove de una medicin cuantitativa EN TIEMPO REAL del volmen del recorte viniendo desde el pozoCVM vs CaliperCaliper no es en tiempo RealNo permite acciones de remediacin mientras se perforaCaliper aade un riesgo mas al proyecto (es una herramienta de fondo de pozo) a diferencia de CVM que es de superficieCaliper no siempre se puede correr, CVM puede estar SIEMPRE operacionalEn caso de que Caliper no pueda ser corrido CVM es la nica herramienta disponible para estimar el volumen del cemento.CALIPER NOS DICE DONDE, CVM NOS DICE CUANDO 11AL PERFORARROP Rotacion vs SlidingBack Reaming en las coneccionesViajes de limpiezaBombeos Fondo arriba (PUMP OUT)Bombeo Superficie fondo (PUMP IN)RPM

HYDRAULICARata de FlujoPerdidas (perdidas severas conllevan perdida de solidos)

PROPIEDADES DEL LODOViscosidad (Yield Point, PV)MW HI-Vis Low-Vis (Pildoras Tandem)

12Cutting Recovery Factors124.GEOMETRIA DEL POZOPozos Verticales vs Desviados y Horizontales (dog legs reducen las facultades de recuperacin de solidos)5.LITHOLOGYArcillas pegajosasAnhdridos producen espumas con PDC (reducen la recuperacin de solidos)

TIPO DE TREPANO

7.TAMAO DE MALLAS DE LAS ZARANDAS

8.CONFIGURACION DEL BHA (drill collars incrementan el flujo turbulento y la mejoran la recuracion de recortes)

13Cutting Recovery Factors1314Metodo usado en el monitoreo de Recuperacin de Recortes

BACHE VISCOSOREAMING17.5198129.1136.47.31400159018.119.91.8CASO PERFORACION NORMAL1415Metodo usado en el monitoreo de Recuperacin de Recortes

BACHE VISCOSOREAMING17.5198129.1132.13.01400159018.018.20.2CASO IDEAL1516Metodo usado en el monitoreo de Recuperacin de Recortes

BACHE VISCOSOREAMING17.5198129.1136.47.31400159018.119.91.8CASO IDEAL DE LIMPIEZA1617Metodo usado en el monitoreo de Recuperacin de Recortes

BACHE VISCOSOREAMING17.5198129.1132.13.01400159018.018.20.2CASO IDEAL DE REMEDIACIONCAVINGCAVING 18 bbls1718Metodo usado en el monitoreo de Recuperacin de Recortes

BACHE VISCOSOREAMING17.5198129.1132.13.01400159018.018.20.2CASO IDEALSLIDINGROTANDO18Rig Survey and CVM Survey Sept 2011 Final For Field.xlsx

19CVM Rig Survey19GeoCVM Feasibility Study - An Example from ENI Ghana.pdf

20CVM Feasibility Study of Installation20CVM Installation at Rig Site.pdf

21CVM Installation Procedures at Rig site21CVM DeliverableDaily Report (Depth)

22Example 1.ACA-813_CVM Report 06_21_02_12.pdfExample 2.PRP-614 ST1_ CVM Report 07_23_01_2012.pdf

IMPORTANTEach change of coefficient (Retrieve, Mud Coating, Density) shall be explainedCutting/Cavings picturesMobile notes highlighting main events and trend changeAny trend variation, whenever is possible shall be explained in relation to cutting recovery factors (increase ROP, change of hydraulic, change of mud property)Table resuming Mud Properties controlling cutting recovery cababilities (YP,PV,FV,Density)Table resuming the Shaker Mesh size in useClose collaboration with Mud Engineer is fundamental to acquire additional information on hole cleaningDeviation between theoretical and Measured volume shall be communicate to Company representativeGeolog Logo on the upper right hand side in all reports and LogsClient Logo on the upper left hand side in all reports and Logs

22Coming soon WorkBench ReportService Delivery

23Coming soon:CVM WORKBENCH REPORT

23CVM DeliverableDaily Log (Time)

24Example 1.PRP-614 ST1_CVM LOG_02_18_01_2012.pdf

IMPORTANTEach change of coefficient (Retrieve, Mud Coating, Density) shall be explainedCutting/Cavings picturesMobile notes highlighting main events and trend changeAny trend variation, whenever is possible shall be explained in relation to cutting recovery factors (increase ROP, change of hydraulic, change of mud property)Close collaboration with Mud Engineer is fundamental to acquire additional information on hole cleaningReport shall be delivered to C Man and main event discussedDeviation between theoretical and Measured volume shall be communicate to Company representativeGeolog Logo on the upper right hand side in all reports and LogsClient Logo on the upper left hand side in all reports and Logs

24CVM DeliverableDaily Log - Cutting Overflow Evidence at Machines

25Time Plot show evidence if there is overflow at machines or not, suggesting if it is the case todecrease the download interval at machinesIn the blow example the machine is adjusted properly

25CVM DeliverableDaily Report and Mud Report

26MUD REPORT AND CVM Useful information to draw up the CVM reports can be extracted from Mud Report.

Change of Mud Property

Quantity of solid/sand in mud

Change of sieves

Evidence of Cutting Passing through Shale shaker (this cutting will not reach CVM machines and Retrieve Coeff shall be adjusted accordingly)

Change of size sieves of Shale Shakers

Example of Mud ReportMud Report for CVM.pdf

26CVM DeliverableDaily Report - Cutting Recovery during Coring Operations

27Retrieve Coefficient During Coring Operations

During Core Cutting Operations the comparison between Theoretical Volume and Measured Volume shall consider that core volume will be not arrive at shakers (in case of full core recovery); without this assumption the system will show a lack of cutting recovery, which is not in reality, and the output of the report will be as per follow:

2728Retrieve Coefficient During Coring OperationsA method to sort out this issue is to adjust Retrieve Coefficient, removing the core portion as below:

Retrieve Coefficient = 1 (r / R)r= Core RadiusR=Core Bit Radius

During Coring Operation in theory if Measured Volume is lower than the Theoretical one, we could have an estimation of core recovery during core cutting operations; practically is not so easy because of the small amount of cutting recovered affect the accuracy.

CVM DeliverableDaily Report - Cutting Recovery during Coring Operations

28CVM DeliverableValidation of hole volume

29Validation of Hole Volume can be done with:

Lag time test Data from Caliper log

Caliper Log is not always runCaliper Log is run only at the end of the phase

Computed 17 Hole Volume124.50 m3Hole Volume from Cutting Volume Measurement:193.30 m3Hole Volume from Caliper:203.85 m3

The total hole volume measured by CVM is within 5% of the wireline caliper reading

29CVM DeliverablePhase Report

30Example 1.PRP-614_CVM 12.25x13.75 in Phase Report.pdf

IMPORTANTEach change of coefficient (Retrieve, Mud Coating, Density) shall be explainedCutting/Cavings picturesMobile notes highlighting main events and trend changeAny trend variation, whenever is possible shall be explained in relation to cutting recovery factors (increase ROP, change of hydraulic, change of mud property)Close collaboration with Mud Engineer is fundamental to acquire additional information on hole cleaning

30CVM DeliverableFinal Well Report

31Example 1.CVM_PRP-614_FINAL WELL REPORT.pdf(Graph with Mobile Notes shall be reported on FWR)

IMPORTANTEach change of coefficient (Retrieve, Mud Coating, Density) shall be explainedCutting/Cavings picturesMobile notes highlighting main events and trend changeAny trend variation, whenever is possible shall be explained in relation to cutting recovery factors (increase ROP, change of hydraulic, change of mud property)Close collaboration with Mud Engineer is fundamental to acquire additional information on hole cleaning

31CVM Maintenance Check List

32To be attached at the unit wallCVM Maintenance Sheet.docxEach CVM Machine shall have its own Maintenance Sheet attached to the unit wall.32CVM Calibration Sheet

33CVM calibration sheet_Template.xls Calibration Sheet shall be attached to the unit wall.33CVM Customer Service Assessment

34CVM Client Service Assessment.pdf

In case the performance has been satisfactory, an official Recommendation Letter, signed by company representative at rig site can be requested

Recommendation Letter BPZ Per.pdf3435CVM Cutting Volume MeasurementProblem solvingGainTo undertake immediately corrective actions and to define drilling practice for a proper hole cleaningMud Conditioning (Viscosity, Pump Hi-Vis Low-Vis)

Pump Hi-Vis Low-Vis (Tandem Pill) enhance cutting recovery at surface3536CVM Cutting Volume MeasurementProblem solvingHydraulic Parameters (Flow Rate)

Drilling Practice

A deficit of cuttings was identified while drilling.

A wiper trip was performed at the end of this section prior to POOH.

During the wiper trip all missing cuttings were recovered.

3637CVM Cutting Volume MeasurementProblem solvingDrilling Practice12 phase

Circulation at each stand ensure to recover the missed cuttingsHole Cleaning Monitoring during Sliding/Rotary in Build up Section

SlidingRotary3738CVM Cutting Volume MeasurementProblem solvingDrilling PracticeCirculation at each stand ensure to recover the missed cuttings Example of gradual and complete cutting recovery during circulation.

38CVM Cutting Volume MeasurementNew ATEX Machines

39CVM Machine controlled by software

ATEX Certification

39CVM Cutting Volume MeasurementNew ATEX Machines

40

Manual

G-91-0XX-Dho-11_CVM ATEX model_Manual.pdf

40Exercise 1- 12 well section. Cutting volume returns vs depth daily chart. 41Conclusions: the daily CVM report confirms that: hole cleaning is fine at the end of the day (less 5% cuttings missing)b) The circulation at the end of each stand is effective at recovering volumes which otherwise would stay in hole.c) There is no hole stability problem

Approx every 95 ft there is a cuttings return peak. Why? The driller is washing and reaming every stand. Cuttings returning during this activity are detected as a peak on the depth chart.Are the returns ok at the end of the day?110 bbls of cuttings were recovered vs a theoretical 117 bbls. 7 bbls are still in the hole.4142

40 bblscavingsCan we identify a bit trip?40 extra bbls of cuttings were recovered during the bit trip.

Phase report

Exercise 2Bit tripWhat happens during the bit trip?This leads to two conclusions:

Washing/reaming circulating has a negative effect on hole stability.

The extra hole must be taken into account during cement calculations.Case 2: Measurement of true hole volume for cement calculations: cavings collected during wiper trip.The section report shows that a wiper trip at 6770 has generated 47 bbls of solids returns.This information leads to two conclusions:1 - 47 extra bbls need to be accounted for in the cement slurry calculations.2 - Since no significant stability problems were detected to that point, it is worth reviewing the wiper trip procedure. Can the wiper trip be the cause of the cavings?

42Daily report shows a change in the trend of cuttings returns.What is causing it?43When drilling directional wells, sliding mode is often associated with poor well cleaning. In turn, Rotary drilling can damage the wellbore.Accurate volume monitoring can confirm both are occurring in this case.CVM Report indicates clearly that:

SlidingRotary- Sliding causes poor hole cleaning (almost 40% of the cuttings stay in the hole).- Rotary drilling is sufficient to re-establish correct solids returns but must be monitored.Exercise 37 bblsmissing3 bblscavingsCase 5: Sliding / Rotary effect.When drilling directional wells, sliding mode is often associated with poor well cleaning. Accurate volume monitoring can confirm that.Cuttings returns indicate clearly that:- Sliding causes poor hole cleaning (almost 40% of the cuttings stay in the hole).- Rotary drilling is necessary and sufficient to re-establish correct solids returns.In fact, at the end of this section, rotary drilling is clearly causing some wellbore damage. This indicates that hole damage and cutting accumulation can occur at the same time and they can be recognized by quantifying cuttings/cavings at surface.

43Depth44Exercise 4Cuttings volumeDepthCuttings volumeCase 1Case 2Daily balance: correct solid returns15 bbls extra hole15 bbls cuttings left in holeCuttings left in hole and cavings returning to surface DO NOT COMPENSATE.Hole cleaning and wellbore stability problems can occur at the same time.Daily balance: hole cleaning and caving problems44Trading-off between well cleaning and hole integrity.452 event at 14780.

Less w&r. But solid returns are declining.A subsequent wiper trip is cut short to prevent further hole damage.Exercise 51 - Hole cleaning/stability conditions:Cleaning insufficient/stability ok: reaming stands to recover solids.with 9 bbls of cuttings left in hole, w&r recovers 20. So both cleaning and stability are critical.3 drilling resumes. 4 event at 15500. Case 4: Trading-off between well cleaning and hole integrity. While drilling this section, the hole seemed in-gauge until 14780, with approximately 9 bbls of cuttings left in hole.During the following circulation, an excess 8 bbls were recovered. Drilling resumed with hole cleaning issues. At this point both phenomena are active: bad hoel cleaning and wellbore damage.A subsequent wiper trip is cut short to prevent further hole damage.This type of volume monitoring system enables to decide in Real-Time when to stop conditioning the well according to the solids return observation.

45Decisions workflow on the rigAny new technique or data set utilized on the field can only provide benefit if its data are utilized correctly.Traditional workflows, when decisions need to be taken with regards to well stability and related procedures, do not place significant weight on surface logging data.46In this work flow, the mudlogger has a passive role and the data he provides are qualitative. He does not have the tools or the framework to add value.

DrillerTPDetects and Informs TP of stability issuesChecks with Mud Eng mud conditionsMud EngPresents to Co Man the problemCoManLoggerMay Require qualitative data from MudloggerCoMan instructs TP and Mud Eng on plan aheadAny new technique or data set utilized on the field can only provide benefit if its data are utilized correctly.Traditional workflows, when decisions need to be taken with regards to well stability and related procedures, do not place significant weight on surface logging data.This is in part due to the fact that, in the absence of a cutting volume system, surface logging data aree somewhat qualitative. But with this system they provide numbers, instead of opinions.D Detects and Informs TP of stability issues TP Checks with Mud Eng mud conditions TP Presents to Co Man the problem Co Man May require qualitative data from Mudlogger Co Man Instructs TP and Mud Eng on plan ahead In this work flow, the mudlogger has a passive role and the data he provides are qualitative. He does not have the tools or the framework to add value.

46Decisions workflow on the rigIn the proposed workflow, the cutting volume quantification has a central and active role.Its results trigger the action and are completed annd analyzed together with the information gathered by the other 3rd parties.47In this work flow, the mudlogger has an active role and the data he provides are quantitative. He is put in the right conditions to add value.

DrillerTPChecks with Mud Eng mud conditionsConfirms stability issuesMud EngReviews data and checks with TP, Driller, Mud EngCoManLoggerMeasures solid returns and reports anomaliesCoMan instructs all on plan aheadAnalysis of the status using all data availableCollaborative EnvironmentIn the proposed workflow, the cutting volume quantification has a central and active role.Its results trigger the action and are completed annd analyzed together with the information gathered by the other 3rd parties.In this collaborative environment more informed decisions can be taken.ML Measures solid returns and reports anomalies Co Man Reviews data and checks with TP, Driller, Mud Eng D Confirms stability issues TP Checks with Mud Eng mud conditions all analysis of the complete scenario Co Man Instructs all on plan ahead In this work flow, the mudlogger has an active role and the data he provides are quantitative. He is put in the right conditions to add value.Cutting volume measurement systems have the potential of saving significant rig time, if not the entire well.

It is crucial that the utilization of these systems is considered during the well planning, and that the dataset generated becomes part of the Real-Time decision-making process, to maximize the benefit of such systems.

47