cutting edge interm workbook 76-96

7/26/2019 Cutting Edge Interm Workbook 76-96

1/21

elttep#adftm

ffi

Past

entences ith

if

If I hodn't lost

my

possport

If

Sqrq and I hod

stoyed

onger

in Poris

If we'd

booked our

theqtre

tickets in odvqnce

If Greto hodn't

spent ,1.0,0O0

on o new

cor

If Mqlcolm

hod

stopped

smoking

If my uncle lived

neor

the oirport

If it hodn't

rqined

If

you

hodn't

token so long

to

get

reody

a . . J . . .

b . . . . . . .

d . . . . . . .

Lookat

thesehalfsentences nd

matcha first half

rom colurnnA

with a second al f

romcolumnB.

Completehese

sentences

with

your

own deas.

If you'd

beenmore

corefuldoing

thewoshing

p .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

If I'd put

the correct

stomp on

the letter

If we'd put

more

sqlt ond

pepper

on

the

food

.. . . . . . . . . .

d If the weather hod been better

Iost weekend

#

u

b

D

1 she'd hove

enough rnoney to

poy

her rent.

2

l'd hove

stdyed ot his house on

rny woy

to Germony.

I'd tre,on

the

plone

to Tunisio.

we'wouldn't

hove hod to

queue

ou,tside.

we could hqve

token the children

to the zoo.

we wouldn't hove

missedour bus.

he wouldn't

hove

such o terrible

cough.

we'd hove

visited Euro

Disney.

I

. . . . . . .

h . . . . . . .

3

4

6

7

f

I

h

ffi

ct

Rewrite

he

following

entences

o that hey mean

he

same,using

a

past

sentence

with f.

Kristinmoved

o SonFrqncisco

nd

thot'show

shemet Rqlph.

Kristin 4a? 44.{,.t.1 41at?.t&.e /.p/k1fth.e.hq4,rc.t.r1 tt41qalLFruar.ttco

You didnlt weor

o

lumper.

Thot's why you're

cold.

I f you

. . . . . . . . . . . .

]osh

wos

very

tired ond

so

he lost

his

Tosh

. . . . . . . . . . .

temper.

Som didn't

do his homework,

so

he

doesn't know

the

onswer.

If

So m

hoir looks

terrible. Thot's

becouse

didn't

go

to my

usuol hoirdresser.

e trfmy

mother hqdn't

lent

me

some money

e M y

I f I

I

don't hove o very

well-poid

job

becouse

hqven't

done o computer

course.

If I 'd

Alice wasn't

ot home lost

night. Thot's why

she

didn't get your

messoge.

AIice

The

store monoger knew

Ruth's fother.

Thot's why

he

gove

her the

job.

If the

store monoger

76


2/21

sw*dr,*fi*

ff

Grammar nack

\/erb

+

object

+

infinitive

Thedoctor told

me to drink

more

woter.

Ite//

+

object

+ infinitive)

Thedoctor told

me not to

drink so

much beer.

tte//+ object

+ not

+ infinitive)

Other

verbs hat

follow

his

pattern:

odvise osk

persuode

remind teqch

want

a)

Rewrite hese

sentences

o that they

mean

the same, sing

he verb

n brackets.

Dougsoid o

me,

be

more

coreful.'

fell;

Doun old,m.e o

be m.ore

arerttl

' ' "

" : ) "

" " "

" " '

" ' t "

" " " " " " " '

i

'Juliet,

pleose

stoy,'

fim

soid.

(wcnf)

l im

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gcrveme driving

lessons

ost

yeor.

(teqch)

b)

Complete

hese entences

o

hat hey

are rue

for

you.

L

If someone

wqs visiting

my cily,

'd odvise

2

lt's not

eosy o

persuodeme ..............

3

Peoplealwoys

hove to

remind

me ..............

4 lf I

hod o doughter,

I'd wont

her

5 I somet imes

sk

my Engl ish

eocher o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

J

My fother

My fother

The

locol

(advise)

The locol

people soid

we shouldn't

drink

the woter.

people

fohn

soid.

'Don't

forget

me.

(remind)

My

mother

,

'Don't

touch

to

lock the bock

door,'

my mother

told

(teILl

We

'l

think

you should

go

to

the

police,' Ion soid

to

Mortin.

(advise)

Ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

'Pleqse

don't

mqke

so much

noise,'

Todd sqid

to his

neighbour.

(ask)

Todd

. . . . . . . . . .

10

77


3/21

rys*#rs$*ff

Vocabulary

Using he dict ionary:evision

When

ou

ooka word

up n he dict ionary

t shows

ou:

.

the

pronunciat ion

ri 'eekt/ncluding

he main

stress

shown

y

)

.

the

grammar,

.g.

=

vefb,n

=

rtouf l

.

i f a noun

s countable

C]

or uncountable

U]

.

i f there s a

preposit ion

hich ol lows

t, e.g. eact

to,

against)

.

the meaning, nd

gives

xample entences.

d%

a) Use hese

extracts rom

the

Longman

Dictionary

of Contemporory

ifl

English

o complete he

chart below.Mark

he main

stress

o.

b) Circle he

correct answer n

these

sentences.

1 After'knowledge'

we

use he

preposltron

Wl

about.

2

'Advice'

is

a. countable

uncountable

noun.

3 The pronunciotion

of

'qdvice'

ond

'odvise'

is

the same different.

4 In

'ignore'

the letter

g'

is

silent

not silent.

5 After'solution' we

use he

preposition

to

I

at .

6

'Solution'

is

a countable

uncountable oun.

7 People

make do o

decision.

8 The pronunciotion

of the first

'i '

in

'decisive'

ond'declsion'

is

the same differenl.

c) Complete

he

gaps

n these

sentences with

the c orrect word

(use

he dictionary

extracts).

1 It's

not ..ad {.a1b........

o

swim

immediotely

qfter

o big meol.

2 Pouline'svery knowledgeoble

...

azz

music.

3 Hove

ou

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

solution to your problem

yet?

question

ond continued

tolking.

5 I 'm notvery

. . . . . . . . .

when

I

go

shopping:

it tokes me

o long

time to choose

clothes.

6

Could

you give

my

doughter

ad.vice

ed'vars/

ltll

on opinion

you

give

someone

obout

whot

they

should do:

l+

on/aboutl

There's

Iots

of

advice n the bookon baby care.

give

advice

Can

you give

me

same dvice boutbuyingahouse?

ad.vi.sab.le

:d'varzrh:l/

adj something hot is

advissble

should

be done n order o ovoid

froblems:

For

heaw srnokers,egular

medical checks

re odvisable.l

ad.vise

ad'varz/

to tell someone

whot

you

think

they should do: advisesb to do sth Paisenqers

ri

aaiiiea nol ri tiove their

bags unattended.l

so.lu.tion

sa'lu;Jan/

[Cl

o

woy

o{ solving

o problern

or.deolingwilh

o

difficult

'

situotionl[+

to] There re

no

simple solutions o lhe

probl

e

m of ovefpo al616n.

find

a solution fhe

gouernmenls re trying o

find a

peaceful

solution.

solve

/solv1

v

to find

qr .

'prgvide

o

woy'of

deoling

'

with

o problem:

Chcrlie

'

Ihinks

money

will

solve all

hi3

problemi.

odvice

obout

music lessons?

7

The teqcher

wos shocked

by the

children's

...

: they

knew

nothing

obout

the history

of

their country.

8 The solut ion

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

he

problem

isn't eosy.

9 The

journolist's

of the

politicol

situotion

wos

very

good.

verb

noun

adjective

a

ad.uue,

advice

dec ide

rgnore

know

solu t ion

78


4/21

nffi

@

2 . . . . . . .

3 . . . . . . .

4 . . . . . . .

8 . . . . . . .

9 . . . . . . .

b) Nowwrite

he complete

hrases

n

he

correct olumn

n he

chart.

Starting

onversations

1 He//n,

'ue'

h.eard,

,

kt

aboutyow.

2

3

4

5

c) Look

at the following

ituations,

hich

ake

place

at

a

party.

Choosehe

best

phrase

1-9

above)

or

each

ituat ion.

L

You're aving

o

porty.Thedoorbell

ings,

you

open

he door

qnd

see wo

good

friends.

Whqt

do

you

soy?

msm#w$*

#

2 lt's o

cold night

ond there's

ce on the

roods.

You know

they come by

cor.

As

you toke their

coots,

whot do

you

soY?

3 As

you

go into the

porty,

your friend

Simon

comesup

ond sees

our

guests. t's

o long time

since

he hqs seen

hem.

Whot

doeshe soy?

4

You toke

your

friends

into the

porty

ond

introduce

them

to

your sister.

Whot does

your

sistersoy?

5 Loter ot the porty, one of your guests

introduces

his

girlfriend to

you. You don't

know

very

much obout

her, except

hot

she's

going

to

study

in Progue.

What do

vou sqv?

6 It's

11.30.

You're n the

middle of

q

conversotion

qnd

a friend

who lives

o

long

woy

qwoy

comes

up to

you. Whot

does

he soy?

7 lt's 1 o'clock. You've been having o very

interesting

conversation

with one

of

your

guestswhen she suddenly

ooks at

her

wotch.

Whot does

she soy?

(Two

phroses

together)

Real i fe

Start ing nd

in ishing onversat ions

:

*\

a)

Match he

speech

ubbles o

makecomplete

hrases

:

',,, i

for starting

and

inishing onversations.

Oh dear,

s

hat

.. .

I

rea l l y

. .

d)

tE

Listen

o the situations

nd say

he

correct

phrase.

You

heor:

/

You soy:

/

=--/ l -----/ l

zz/

You're aving

a

-"

\ /

uq

fua \

(

OartV.

hedoorbell ings

\ \

yow

coull '

/

\and

you

see two

good

r/

\gwr_-/

W

interruot ut

I have o

...

How are

you?

haven't

. .

Finishinconversations

You soy:


5/21

m*wdqx** ffi

lmprove

our

writing

A letter o sortout

a

problem

S $

a) LucyHumphries ooked

fl ight o Mexico

City

and

paid

by credit

H $

card.She

eceived er icket

a few

days ater,but the

dateson the

ticketwere wrong.Shesent

he ticketback o the travelagent's, ut

nearly

two

weekshave

passed

nd she

hasnot heard rom hem.

Lucy

haswritten a letter o sort out the

problem.

Reorder

he

sentences

belowand write out

the

complete

etter n the space

provided.

\ ^

, , ^ ,

^ - ^

i r r r : n ^

. . n . a r n p . l

n r y u u t d f l r d 6

, , q ,

a b o u t t h i s b e c a u s e

I n e e d t o

m a k e o t h e r

^ + ^ - - . , , . ; ^ , . , h i ^ L

d r L d L r t s c r

, , L y L r r P i w r

d o u n t i l t h e

d a t e s a r e c o n f i r m e d . .

Severa l

weeks

ago I t e lephoned

your

of f ice to

b o o k

a l e r u r n r - l l g l - r - t o

l 4 e x i c o C i t - y ,

l e a v i n g

o n , u 1 y

8 - h a n d

r e t u i n i n g o -

J u l

/

2

/ + h .

b)

In

your

notebookwrite

a letter o sort out

the

problem

below.

Use

he letter

above o

help

you

andshow

your

etter o

your

eacher.

Threeweeks

go,

ou

booked

4-week ourse

t heSuccess

anguagechool,

354

Liffey oad,

ublinDN6.

A weekago,

ou

hadnot received

receipt r

confirmation

f

yourplace

n hecourse.

ou

honed

heschool

nd

efta

message

n heansaphone,

ut

you

have

ti l l

otheard nything.

Before ouwrite he etter, ecide:

.

Howmany

ours day

our

ourses:3

4 |

5

?

.

How

ou

paid

or hecourse:

redit ard

bank ransfer?

.

Thedates

f

your

ourse.

44

Barn

Road

No t t i ngham

NS4

May

29 th

19 -

The

Manage r

E u r o t r i p s T r a v e l A g e n t ' s

D e a r

S i r / M a d a m

Yours

fa i t h fu l lY

L

ttwwYh'rLas

80


6/21

ffiffiffi%ffi#ffiffi-f

Question

ags

,3

a)

;" t , doesn'r

t?

2

c hoven't

hey?

d oren't hey?

e

qre

here?

o oren't you?

b

don't

you?

c hoven't

you?

d do

you?

e

.

can't

you?

Present imple

r Continuous

Making

uest ions

a)

-

\Vhich

port

of Itoly doessne

come

romI

:

How did

you

meet

her?

: Whot

does

she do for o living?

: When did

she

first come to

Englond?

'

How

well

doesshe speok

English?

-

Does he

ike London?

i Hos she

got

o flot here? Does

she hove o

flot here?

b )

.

When did

you get

morried?

- Where wos your husbond born?

:

Does

your husbond work?

+

Hos he

got

ony

quolificotions? Does he hove

ony

quolifications?

-i How

mony

children have

you got?

/

How mony children

ffiMwffiw

u

"4

"s

5

o

7

8

g

10

1 1

L 2

gel

q

a

a

J

6

7

6

o

10

1 1

l z

do

vou

hove?

How old ore

your

children?

Do

you know onybody in

Austrolio?

Shortanswers

r Do

you

live

with

your

fomily?

Yes, do.

: Do

you

live

in on oportment?

No we don't.

J Did

you

live in the some

ploce when

you were young?

No, we didn't.

Are your

grondporents olive? No, they

oren't.

/

No they're

not.

Have you got o cor? No, I haven't.

Con

you

understond

English

well? Yes, con.

Does

our English eocher peok

your

longuoge?

No,

s/he doesn't.

.r noun d

r n n r l i a n l i v a a

: n i n r r m a n f

: n i n r r

(

+ ^ i h i h ^

r , q l r r r r r y

\ t

's

going

/

is

going

Do

you

smoke

do

you work

li r"orti.,g

/

om

working

do

you relox

s i t

Are

you doing

don't

know

're

suffering

are suffering

wont

State erbs

hos

costs

'm

buying

/

om buying

doesn't

wont

understond

think

looks

don't

hove

're

woiting

/

ore

woiting

don't know

's

hoving

/

is hcving

Wordorder

Adverbsof

frequency

da

a)

{ .*d

2

(Occosionol ly)

y colleogue

o

occosionol ly)

ses

my

computer

(occosionolly).

3

(Quite

often) my clossmote

Carlo

(quil"e

ften) hos unch

with me

(quite often).

4 My boss

s hordly ever

n the office.

S

ltr,iort

of the time)

my neighbours ore

very

quiet

(most

of

the ime) .

6 My sister-in-low

enny

neorly olwoys

phonesme on Mondays.

7 Poul's

elot ives

lwnys

visi t

us ot Christ mos.

8 Stephen

hardly ever sees

is ex-girlfriend.

9 Doryl,

my f lotmote,

nevercleons he bothroom.

f

I

h

ilffi-'ffiMmwffiffiffiffiffi

Grammar

erms

:

): up g tell ing

:

';"1

h don't

.

: : .der

i

con ' t

: :i\:r

j

the

' : 3 k o

Using dict ionary

o verb

o noun

enioyoble

trdinee

troiner

l

you

m your

n becouse

f o noun

g o noun

81


7/21

&f3sbs#fl H#"d

Prsnunciation

/

a 1

schwa)

*w

a)

3 couple

te t

4 brother-in-Iow

t ^ t

t

on",Ti*oo

6 stranoer

l ^ l

l v l

/

retctTtve

a

occosionally

lel lel

r

usuolly

o

ossistqnt

The etter's'

g3

a)

Vocabulary

Activitieswith do

t

ploy

I

go

4S\

at

d w

10

1 1

1,2

foleign

heodteochel

t 4 t

t v t

neighbour

partler,

po,:rl'

i , ,

l

a

salesmon

I

cstalooue

cl

c)

5

4

o - p l o y i n g 5 c - p l o y

d - d o , g o 6 b - d o e s

r - g o

lmprove

our

writing

Spel l ing

f the

- ing

form

d3

a)

2 a

;t

5 : o

bl

L

5

a

Grammarnack

both

I

neither

6

Neither Ann nor

Suson

ikes wql.ching

ootboll.

[isten and read

,

Unusual

i festyles

str}

al

g

ds6;

1 Cemmo: singer

2 Raoul: ossistonL hef

3 Frank: crossword

puezle writer

tt

:

poytng

c writing

d

seeinq

e beginning

f foxing

Rooul

FTONK

Gernmo

Flonk

Gemmo

g hoping

h

plonning

i

:

iogging

j

trovelling

k prinfing

Rooul

Fronk

Gernmg

RaouI

I answering

m troining

n

growing

o

driving

Neither

of

my neighbours

is

/

are,noisy-

Both my sister and my niece spend o lol of tirne cooking.

My colleogues;Dan ond

Rob are

quite

lczy: neither.of them

does much work.

,.

.,

,

,

My best frlend

]une

and I are bcith, learning a musicol

inst rument . ,

, . , , : ,

, ,

.

,^

d

9

10

b)

t)

T

L)

ffiffiMwffiwfi

PastSimple r Continuous

He

won'ploying

footbctl and he fell over;

:

We were sunbothing ot the

weekend ond

we

stoyed

out

too long.

ff. *or'*"if.i"g in the roin ond he got very wel..

They were stoying in Florido when there wos o

terrible

storm.

f|;

wos

travelling home

fiom work

and

she left it

on the

d

do play go

' t

gport

a

the drums

a

cycling

a

photography

a

the

guitar

l l

swirnming

I

gardening

I

cards

I

,oggrng

a

knitting

a

snooker

a

ski ing

| . '

exerctSe

. o

a computer

ame

:]l

dancing

a

yoga

I

volleyball

a

walking

l 7 l t17I

parents

claEsmates

hnnac

works

spells

entertains

relatives

colleagues

spends

nieces

practises

acqqaintances

use5

pronounceS

82


8/21

: :

.

a

i ' . . . :

t

: .

: : : : :

. '

;"

crking

, heor

- - , L i n n

w o s .

/ wos trolnrng

8

broke

9 spent

still,

not ony

more longer

*, ?

,i''

b

Jo

used

o be

shy but

she sn't

crnymore.

.

il*

""a

eotr ,rr"a

*

pftyl""rutif

o.,a

tft"y stil] do.

d Peterusedto work for tr,'triWorren but he doesn'tony longer.

e Scm

used

o moke

me

lnugh and

he still doesl

f

My boyfriend

used

o buy

me chocolotes

but

he doesn't

ony

more.

Listen

nd

read

Frankenstein

' a )

" . :

1

surpr ised,

hocked

2 excited,

roud

3

the body

of o man

- .nny

lo ld me

you hod on occ ident

este rdoy.

ho t

. , ppened?

.

e

weredriving

home ond

onother

cor slopped

. . . - lc len ly

nd

we

went n to t .

.

ns he o ther

cor o l r igh t?

. : , Jucki ly

we weren

going

very

ost.

:Jorv ic l

your

brother

get hot scor

on his

hond?

Je

got Lwh i le

we were iv ing

n I to ly .

) i r ,

how?

,: lr

wos

ploying

neor the

oven oncl

he burnt

h is hond

rn the oven

door.

Ooh,nosry l

; 'onunciat ion

I :c le stress

n PastSimple

orms

a)

a

8

chonged

O o

9 proctised

o o o

l0

decided

o a

t I lmprovecl

o O

l2 received

Gramrnar

nack

Art ic les:i rs tandsecondmention

. : a )

I

t he

( l i ne 2 l

) :

o doo r

i n t he co rne r

( l i ne

19 )

2

Lhe

l i ne

2 i ) :

o ro the r

unp leoson l

sme l l

t l i ne

6;

3 t he

( l i ne

36 ) :

o

wooden

work - tob le

{ l i ne 32 )

4

lhe

( l i ne

36 ) :

o

k ind o f bo lh

t l i ne 3 l

)

5

the l l i ne

37 t :

o c l eo r

i qu id

i l i ne

37 )

6 t h e l i i n e

4 1 ) :

a k i n d

o f b o t h

( l i n e

3 1 . 1

7 the

( l i ne 4 I ) : o body

in t he bo th

l l i ne

41

o o

:.,rvelled

o

.,.oked

r O o

:.rninded

a

'.:otched

o

,:.sked

o

o o

13

repeoted

O o

14 storted

a

15 C I OSeO

: ]

E

L happened

esterday.

9 We

practised

lot.

'

stopped

t.

70

lrena

decided o

go.

,Ve ravelled

here.

I 1 They

mprovedo

tot.

,

lookedot

Morcus.

72

t received

letter.

Juan

emindedus.

13 Fronk

epeated

t.

,

watched

he

TV.

14 t storted

he car.

-

Sue

askedme.

tS

Juneclosed

he door.

: They hanged

t.

used o

True:

'lt's

true

thot

people

don't

queue

rnucb-qny-rnQlg'

True:

' is

unusuol

hese

dovs

mv

fotherst i l l does

t.

- True:

'we

still

qet

more thon

enouqh

roin

in the other

,"oao

. T r u e :

W

: fo lse :

A few

Lh inqs on

chonge

. . . . . . .

s l

i /ou

ore

mod. '

She

used o

hove

short blonde

hoir .

Shedidn't

use

o hove o

cor.

i

She

didn' l use

o hove

o boyfriend.

. She

didn'1

use o

weor smon clothes .

i

She

used

to be unhoppy.

bl

2 a

3 a n

4 the

5 the

6 the

Vocabulary

Scientists

nd

echnologists

a)

2

3

I

5

6

7

7 a

8 the

9 o

10 the

11 the

12 the

13

th e

1 4 a

15 the

16 the

b)

1

2

3

4

SClNCC

medicine

ps)'cho10gy

corries

out

investigctes

treots,

oives

drows

engineeling

orchitecture

georogy

corries

out

mqkes

takes, oncrlyses

5

7

83


9/21

shil?s.'##{"

H

.1v

lmprove

our

writ ing

Spel l ing f

Past

Simpleorms

q " r

a )

Comparative

nd

superlativedverbs

ft

]

o

al

Could

you write more

cleorly

pleose?

Could

you

drive faster

I

more

quickiy pleose?

Could you explain more slowly pleose?

Could

you

come ecrlier tomorrow

pleose?

Could you ring bock loter pleose?

Could

you

stoy

longer

pleose?

Usingwhen

while as I during for in

stories

" l ' 1

a )

. . 9

2 yMl

gfl up:tl

$u@

lfor

3

when

/

os

/

while

I

4ywrtq W

4

when

os while

I

4yW

I

W

5 when

/

os

I

while

I

ql*rq

lW

6 when

9{l\*trla*wS

7rya

7

yhel(

I

g{l

WhrF

during

I

fg{

Comparing

hings n

differentways

-'T

b The Monor Hotel

isn't

os expensive os the Park Hotel.

c Savewell supermorket hqs more customers o doy thon

Pricerite supermorket.

d It tokes less ime to cross tre city by bike thon by bus.

e

There.ore fewer

trains

in

the

qfternoon

thon in the

momlnq,

f The furniture in my sister's lot is similor to Tim's.

seum n New York s different from

The Guggenh eim Mur

the Cuggenheim Museum in Bilboo.

h

My flct's

(excctly)

the sqme

os Phil's

(flat).

Vocabulary

Places

round own

Sq

2

A

b)

z

5

enioyed

hurried

ployed

6 employed

7

$t0yed

8 dried

e opplled

while/when/as 6 during

Whi le /Vt t ren /As 7 fo r

for

8

When

When

Comparatives

nd

superlatives

ffiHffiMsss$m

ffi

the biggest

the most

centrol

DCITCT

further

rrlenoller

.ixi

i

s

z

3

5

7

8

q

1 0

quieter

the most expensive

more crowded

the most successful

":F

,*""

b

C

al

and

b)

I

2 stotioners

I

3 stodium

^ : - . ,

a l 1 u l l s t s

I

5 toxi ronk

a

ort gollery

a

concerthall

a

ontique shop

a

shoppingmoll

J

u

e

t

The flot is much

/

o lot

smoller thon the house.

The flot is slightly

/

a little

/

a bit closer to the

stotion

thon the house.

Ihe house

is

much

/

a lot quieter

thon

the

flat.

The f lot is

much

/

o lot cleoner han the house.

The furniture in the flot is much

/

o

lot worse

hon the

lurnilure in the house.

84

-ing orm

HaSt rmpte

train

pran

look

fax

phone

offer

travel

a l low

training

planning

looking

faxing

phoning

olfering

travelling

al lowing

trained

planned

looked

faxed

phoned

offered

travelled

allowed

r

\ ' _

N

I I

a

U

E

H

o

9

B

C

r A l

t " l

o G R N D B

N

o

G

l L l

t l

E R S

r

a

I

I

B

U

/7

q

I

D

U

I

r

L F

N

H

G

I

M C K D

G

R T

D

C

F;

I R N

-K.\

N B

L

I

L P

D

o E o H

o D R

L

o

R

S I

-n

__'/

N r

N E D F R I

B

M

E F H

6

L

R Y C L E N E R

:/

G

e,

C

I

H

N

A

E

tU

G

L

T

H

o

P

l)

I N

G

M

L

[D


10/21

e e

' i . : : " , 4 i

; ' , : . " " 1

-.

t

m

looking

or o dry cleaners.

: s iotioners earhere?

-?,

is

this the right

way

to the stodium?

-

:.

t

m looking or

a

florist's.Are there

any

near here?

-?

's

there

a taxi

onk

somewhere

earhere?

.',

.t

ts

t to the new art

gattery?

: -

rcllme the way to the concerthatt,

please?

:1

antiqueshop on this streetdnywhere?

3'eens'

hoppingmall his way?

G-ammar

nack

: -=:

: . : c1s

of

place'.

t ,

n,

on

5 o t

. b ] n

/ o n

P'onunciat ion

6 0 t I l o n

9 i n l o n 7 2 i n l c t

r u o n / r n

another

there

these

that

brother

:nprove our

writing

: - - : tuat ion: apitaletters

.

:n meeting Professor

Allinton on

Tuesdoyafternoon,

)o you

know ony

good

foponese

estoutdnts? Our

' .--rnoging

Director,Mr Hoshimoto,s comingovernext week.

-.\enly

Thousand eagues nder

he

Sea

wos wri[ten

by

f

ules

\ : n r e .

'.fl-rat

ore

you

doing ot Eoster?

Grammar

nack

-

-

: d

ef in

te art ic le:

laces

b l

with

fhe

lmprove

our

writing

Postcards

;

: : :

" )

c)

z -

J tne

b tne

/ rne

8 -

Dear Tete and )arah,

We're havinqa

qreal

Xime here n he 3iq

A?? Ie '

The

wealher

ia br i I iant

-

hoL and eunny.We

6?enL rnoet of Loday

ehopVinq t 'here are

fanLaeLic department

et 'orea here: my crediN

card'e

nol ) ookin7 oo healLhy)We'rehopinq

Lo do aome

olghteeeinq ornorrow

-

5I h

Avenue,Timee Square, eLc. he niqhLlile a aleo

incredible . . nobody beam. tra

qo

to bedl

We'll be back. n a couple ol

week.e,

love1ue and

Joe

XXXX

M r a

3

L E I C

E

We

usuolly

leove out:

pronouns

(we,

you,

etc.), definite orticles

(the),

he

verb fo be.We sometimes eov e out

possessive

odjectives

my,

your).

: ' , lupsof islands:he

: ahamas

-:publ ics

or

unions f

=:ates:

he UK

laeans

r seas:he Pacif ic

'

i,ers: he Yangtze

rountain

anges:he Alps

single

sl.ands:

amaica

count r ies:

enmark,

pa in

lakes: ake omo

sing lemounta ins: ountFu j i

c i t ies towns: hangha i

roads streets avenues:Broadway.

5tnAVenue

squares:

imes

quare

bridges: rooklyn ridge

parks:

Central

ar k

stations: rand entral tation

a i rpor ts :FKAirpor t

b)

| . / '

u ea.rJal.u ana,

J

uL'rc,

@E

nrrcuej, hr,re,

a, *"/t tf

4t

ogo

-

@

hotel@ smn/l

but com.

.fo "t tn, but@fo od,@wt great.

@Dgo*g

ot1',

l our of

lu' whn

cil to

un"or oua hzn@&,}>

ft

arutuU

to try som.otyptrnl

a,sta,

tskas

for

dtj4l4.e/.

D

hn

@Dfil@

are all

^o.a,@,u'y)ii,pr***

tam'

Jchno/,

LouY

Mat/c

an"d,

Tiw

85


11/21

ih. ; l

r ' , , "r 'qn3'

" ' , .

*

ffiRn'H#g#ffi,#,ffi{Hfi1

ft,

Present

erfect imple

andPast imple

for, since

and ogo

Present

erfectContinuous

Fronkie ost

went to the

dentistsix

months

ogo.

My brotherond

I storted

oing

ogging

o

yeor

o9o.

lone'sbeen eelingsicksince ost night.

I took Mo

ospir ins h is

morning.

Pete's eenon o diet

or two

weeks.

I hoven't done

any exercise

or months.

We

ployed footboll ott

doy

yeslerdoy.

I 've beendoing

oerobics ince

his

ime

lost

yeor.

My mother

hosn't been

eeling

well s ince

her operotion.

,d:

q:"J

D

c

d

f

I

i

]

"?

z

3

(

o

7

o

10

1 1

72

' t t

b

've

olreody

ho d

we'vedone

storted

[ormed

've

spent

ployed

didr-t't Lo,t

found

WG S

helped

've

ogreed

Corrie's

o reolly close

riend

we've

known

eoch

ol.her or cges.

Hello,

er .. . sorry,

've forgotten

your nome.

Oh, thot's

o nice

wotch. How

long

hove

you hod it?

I see

our

teom's

n the

linol. Hove

they ever

won the cup?

We hqven't

played

tennis

ogelher

since

he summer.

've

/

hove

been

've

/

hove

neverstoyed

've

/

hove

ived

moved

've

/

hove mel.

've

/

hove

ho d

've

/

hove been

ffi:

took

's

qone

hos

gone

i

o,on".,

c

's

hod

d

's

been

wqiting

Grammar nack

e been

qoinq

h

f

's

been

proctising

i

g

been

dieting

'

hos

decided

enioyed

Hos everyone

inished

Articles

with school, ollege,

tc .

j ' i

t

or

school

c

2 - t o c h u r c h

d

1 - t o c o u n

i i

:

l-.;,?il:"'"

Vocabulary

?it:; 'o'"t

PeoPle's

Pnearance

,fli.9

.-{.

3

q

6

"|

6

10

1 1

1' )

b)

1

Present

Perfect

+

just

I

yet I olready

". :

:...:.

My unc le Bill 's

quite tqll.

He's

got

grey,

ur ly

hoir ond

o round,

f r iendly

(or

friendly,

round) foce.

He often

weon

very colourful

clothes ond

he olwoys

looks

quite

smort.

My grondmother'snot very toll ond she'so

lifLleoverweight.

She's

got

o

friendly

foceond

white wavy hoir.

She's

ett ingo bit

old now, but

she olwoys

weors

smqrt

clothes ond she's

qot

the

most beoutiful

honds

['ve everseen.

My cousin

im's

18.

He'sof medium

build

ond not

very to l l .

He'sgot long,

wovy

hoir ond

quite o

pointed foce.

He ikes

weoringcosuol

clothes:

eons

ond t-shif is,

usu

ly .

b

c

e

I hoven't

done my

homework

yet.

They've

ust

got

morried.

Hos Mork come

out of hospitol

yet?

Mv brother

has

ust

bouqht o

ne w

COI.

lone

hos olreody

sentol l

he r

Christmos

cords.

Pronunciation

l t l , l i : l and a i l

r

,"t

)

2

he'smgdium build

l i : l l t l

3 she's

got grq gn eves

l i : l la t l

4 her

hoir'shlghllghted

la t l a r l

5 she's

;r,j"

.o'*,lif

i""

a)

" ;

z d 5 e

7 b 8 9

t ) C

(

6

she's

ot

o sweel mile

-

l t : t

l a t l

7 he's

klnd ond rolher

shy

ta u /au

8 he's

much thlnner

now he's

n h is teens

Face

Clothes

Euild

Hair

He's

ot

a r iendly ace

He's

ot

a round ace

He's

ot

sparkly yes

Hewears asual

clothes

He's

ot

good

dress

ense

Hewears

colourful lothes

He 's

u i te

l im

He's f

medium uild

He's

not very all

He's

bit overweight

He's

oinggrey

Hishair 's

u ite

wavy

Hishair 's

ighlighted

He 's

o ing

a ld

86

lt l

li:l


12/21

" i : : ; ' : : . : j i ; f

: ' : : ' f

- .sten and read

- : -

: " - s e

:

. . . t teenoger

e

wonted o become

priestor o

- - . . . - : .

,.

ptoyed

o supporfing

ole.

H'-,:in

il5,*;.*

'frt*i'

j:x

will

and

won't

I

b

won t c ome

c

' l l

need

o order

d

Wil l

you be

e

won ' t ike

f

wi l l they

send

fl

ii

3::,

i

{'?:J:-'

going

to

j;i

,.

^ ^^ -^ + ^

b sAe

go ing o do

d

ore

going to

see

e

I 'm

not

go ing o th ink

f Is she

going

o

morrY

g

ore Lhey

oing to

bui ld

h

we'renot

(we

oren't)

Present

ontinuous

or

future

arrangements

. . :

a)

A o dentist

B o

universfty

tudent

6

I'm sorry,

he's

hoving

the ofternoon

off,

I 'm

go ing o o

lectu re

h ismorn ing

ond

I 'm meet ing

Don ie l lo

or

unch.

Wh


13/21

; i i .

:

, " ' " ' .

i . "

'

i :

i ' 1 e f

iil;

b

c

d

e

f

J

Phone

me

when you're

n Modrid ogoin.

Let's

top

(now)

before

t

gels

dork.

I ' l l

g ive

you

my

phone number

ofter move

house.

l'd

like to see hot

f i lm os soon

os t comes

out.

Mouriziohopes

o

get

o

job

oncehe

ieovesuniversity

I ' l l wo i t

w i th

you

unt i l

the ox i comes.

Grammar

nack

er*f

otitiont

ot,i*"

for he

uture

' ; , a )

Real i fe

Formalelephone

onversations

. " . ,

c )

a

" :

- ' o

a A: Good

afternoon,

Henderson

lnsurance, amspedking.How can

t

help?

B: Good

afternoon,coutd

speak o

Mrs Leeson

lease?

A: Justa moment,

'll

put you

through.

C: Helto,Mrs

Leeson's ffice,Sondy

speoking.

B: Hello,could speak

o Mrs Leeson

pleose?

C:

l' lt

ust

see

f she'savaitable.

Can

_

ot\*.ho,:calling?

B: Jo Spinelli

C:

Onemoment

please pause).

Hello,

t'm a{roid

she's not n the

office ot

the mom.ent..

Would

you

tike her o

coll

you

back?

B: Yes

leose.

C: Can

take

your

number?

B: Yes, t's

4442 123451.

C: Right, ' ll

get

her to coll

you

bock as

soonos

shecomes n.

B: Thonkyou.

Goodbye.

C: Goodbye.

b

fhis is the

tnternotionol chool

onswering

ervice.We're

orry there's

no one

available o take

your

call.

Pleose

eove

your

messoge

fter he

tone.

f

you

would like

nformotion

obout courses, leose eove

you

nome

ond oddress

nd we'lt send

ou

our

b ochu

e. Tho kyou.

(tonel

Yes

could

ou

send

me information

obout

your

English ourses

or

executives,

lease.

My name s Jo

spinetli,r,oit

s-p-l-w-g

L-L-t,

ond

my

address

s 25C, Vio Romo,

Florence.

Thonk

you.

lmprove

our

writ ing

Apostrophes

,;

;f

This s the boys' bedroom.

They're

both

ot school

ot the moment.

It's o nice doy,

isn't ir?

Whose

s

this?

think it 's hers.

Who's thot in reception?

The compony's

osta l l i ts best

designers.

He's

eoving n o

yeor's ime.

I 've got f ive

yeors'experiencen

odvertising.

Pronunciation

lsl l t : l

and /eu/

f f iol tg

1 laan

2 weren't

3 walk

1

borr,

.

5

CAUgnt

Vocabulary

Jobs

*"1

al and bl

a

1

occount0nt

o

2 iowyer

t

3

desiqner

I

4 secretary

I

stressful

a

creative

Iow

turn

bored

wan't

shirt

a

engineer

a

receptionist

a

a

orchitect

6 a

? .

trrrnq

a

rewording

a

varied

6

8

9

1 0

Adject ives

o describe

obs

al

3 9

d

f

I

h

7 b

d

t e

i ; i

i

t-."i

o l

o

4 challengin

7

tn

on

^+

201

a fortnight

a

moment

threeweeks't ime

a month's ime

Saturday

ight

Sunday

December t

my birthday

Wednesdayvening

midday

Christmas

lunchtime

73A

the

year

after next

this ime

next

year

next

month

this ime

omorrow

nextSaturday

the day

after omorrow

88


14/21

,,,,$

4#$fu

ittq;

A

t

ns adiectives

:- :

ai

-:. : int ing

:i' 'r.5sed

.

a i l i nq

: : S A

3rammar

nack

: :

: : : :ons

after

ed

-ing

adject ives

6

0 t l b y

7

obout

8 b y

2 - o r e m u d e ;

3 - e x p o r t ;

4 -

o r e w o r n

I

-

wcts;

2

-

were

written:

3

-

wos stoying

stoyed;

4

-

wilLbe

given.

1 - hos been edesigned2

-

ho:

been

mode;

3 -

o p e n s

i s o P e n e d ;

- c o m e

VocabularY

Fllms,

V

and

hewsPaPers

t-l

")

2

war

8

odvert

3

cqrtoon

9

chot

show

4

orticle

1O

thriller

5

soop

opero

I I

gome

tshowl

6

musicol

l2

science-(f ict ion)

7 heodlines l3 review

. .-

l ,c

wossurpr ised

t

/

by

his

behoviour'

-.. : : ion's

orr ied

obout

his

ob

nterview

-

.

' ,ros

reol ly

disoppointed

bout

missing

':

L"J:t,

interested

n

your

suggestions

..rout

he

Proiect .

i ,

nry

is

reol ly

bored

with

his

ob '

-

io\

wos

emborrossed

bout

his

big

nose'

\ lf doughter's rightenedo[ the dork'

. m

confused

bout

he

reoson

or

the

'neet ing .

The

passive

'

\Vhen

wos

the

Prisoner

hot?

Where

ore

tickets

or

the

concert

sold?

When

wil l

the

new

theotre

be

built?

Who

was

the

orticle

written

bY?

'

WhY hos

he

Plont

been

moved?

.

Where

s

Portuguese

Poken/

..

Whot

wos

NoPoleon

nown

os /

Who

wos

Lhe

ilm

direcl'ed

Y?

How

monY

PeoPIe

ove

been

njured?

Grammar

Prepositions

newspapers,

-li

")

snack

fo r

a lk ing

bout

ooks ,

i lms ,

xh ib i t ions ,

TV

and

ad io

wos

found

hove

been

stolen

;ri .

. ;;;;l;t /

ore

.. beine

etd?

. r renol /

oren't

sold

Wos

. .

bu i l t

is

not

/

isn '1

ncluded

Are

...

f rozen

wil l

be

is being

rePoired

hos

not

/

hosn't

been

old

He

u '0s k i l l e l .

. n

the

lo tL

scene '

Thev're

on

Poge

65 .

fh

r . .

. ,

g ,od

r i lm

on

Chonne l

4

o t

6 ' JU '

l i . .

n r .

. l L

l r e

No l i ono l

Go l l e r y '

J r .

. he

rod jo

IosL

i9h t .

k s

on

the

bock

Poge.

I

rh ink

they ' re

n t he

en te r to inmen ts

ecL ion '

He wos in Breakor Busl.

bt

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

89

. ) o l rc

U

M

N

J

R

v) l

Z

S

F

P

N

E

F

Y

I

L

N

A

K

a

- A I

F

T

o

B

T

U

M

U

E

I

E

H

X

N

I

S

/7-

\l-1

E

L

t

N

P

E

r

R

T

Y

N

a

F

(

H

ol

o

R

.A

I A

T

M

\\i

t

D

q

L h

M

n

A

E

P

L

T

R

I\

M

U

L

L

i

N G

l u

X I

t

c

G

I

L

S

A

H

A

T

M

E

6

t)

E

K

P

E

L

S

S

S

f,

E

L

R

I

r\

Newspapers ] F i lm s

TV

Radio

in

the

sPorts

section

on

page2

on

the

ront

back

Page

in

an

advertisement

in

a

f i lm

in

the

irst

last

scene

at

the

beginning

en d

on

TV

the

radio

on

CNN

Radio

russe ls

i n / o n a P r o g r a m m e

in

/

on

the

news


15/21

Pronunciation

l f

, l v l and w l

qF a)

e'j

2 Ken goesswimming every week.

tr"nsrwwrwp

ftt

fl?

a)

2

positive

one

me iI

you'r

confused bout onything.

tft tft tfl

Ilm te*i$ed of storms,especiolly hen I'rn outside.

lfl lvl

lw l

5

The

weather

orecost

oys t's

going

o

get

gorse.

lwl ltl

|w/

6

Phitip

drove

qrrer

1000

miles ost week,

ffiffiffiwffiw

Polite

equests

Tt l '

2

Do

you

hink

you could ...

3 Would

you help

me

/

mind helping me ...

4 Could

you poss Could I have,...

5

Yes,

of course

/

Sure.

6

Wii l you get . . .

7

Do

you

mind

if I

go

.. .

I Not at oll

/

Sure.

I'm

going

.. .

9 Could

you possibly ..

10 Would

you mind iooking .,. Would

you

look

.. .

Ta)

d-,

2 Do

you think I could

borrow

your camero?

3 Could you soy thot ogoin?

4 Would

you mind checking his le[ter?

5

Would you turn the rodio down

(I

ccn't heor

you)?

6

Do

you

think

you could lend me five

pounds?

7 Do

you mind if I

give you

my esgoy

give

my

essoy o

you

o day

loLe?

8 Could

I possiblyuse

your

computer?

9

Is it okoy if I tell

you

tomorrow?

Waysof

makingoffers

s

b Sholl oet

o beer or

vou?

c Do

you wont me to try?

d Would you iike me to toke you to the stotion?

e

I' l l lend t to

you i f you l ike.

f Do

you wont me to moke

you

o copy?

g Would

you

like me to send

you

our brochure?

h Yes, hqll I

write it down for

you?

will

(instant

ecisions nd

responses)

,

a)

*+

1 A: The block ones ook reolly nice, Modom. Are they

comfortoble?

:, 1,"t,

very

-

I

ll toke

the.m.

A: I've

got

o

problem with

my shower. t isn't

working.

B: I'll send someone up

stmightowoy.

Which

roorn is

it?

A: Could

you possiblychonge my flight t o the evening?

B: l' ll

iust

check he computer.

A:

Hi

Nice o see

ou.

Come n ond hove o coffee.

B: Okoy, but I

won't

stoy long, I con see

you're

busy.

A: Are you reody to order?

B: Yes, ' ll hove the

fish.

A: Could speok o Mrs

Wil l ioms in Lhe

Accounts

ueportmentJ

Don't

forget

to switch off the

photocopier

before

you

leaVe

lrl /w/ /t/ lf/ lfl lvl

the office.

8 Do

you

believe

in loge ot

first

sight?

lu l l , l l t l

Thot film

qot

one ofthe

worst reviews 've ever reod.

l f l lv l lwl l r l l t l lv l

1O I've

just

finished

my

homwdrk.

Can I

go

out?

l ) t

t t t t w t

Listen

and read

Letters o a

TV magazine

bt

True

True

It

programme

nrs

little boy

3 negotive

4 fcl lse

5 True

5

o

7

zr

negouve

6 False 8 Folse

/

Folse

lmprove

your

writing.

Linking^ideasithout

epeating

ourself

9 d \

a f

B: Ill

iust

see f she'savoiloble. Hold on

please.

7 A: Is there onything

good

on TV tonight?

B: I donlt know

-

I'll hove a look in the newsnooer.

& A: FIow much

longer ore

you going

to

be in

the bcthroom?

B: Okoy,okoy,

won't

be

long.

b)

?

^

90

'

:"-*:'

o-t**t

Yz

4{*

":':t't

the Girlz'n Bout sl6* on MTi(|dthe bes(

and has

probably

the

most interesting

guesk

on

/

uas rea//g

/ooking

for*ard

to

/ast Fridag's

infurview with the

but

was rerg

that

37ou

wfu1did.

three

to

cut the

were ta/king

about

the

part

American

tour? P/ease

cou/d

gou

shou the who/e infurview

in anot/rer shou soon.

rest of thi

6 tney


16/21

. : Iz

cnant

go)

-

:

r 5

g o o u t

9

: . 6

g o o w o Y

1 0

- 7 qo swimming 11

E'ennnar

nack

* :

: : :

-aK ing

enera l i sa t ions

.. --'-: f

-

the

trcrffic

- ...

-,'.',rmen,

the men;

2

-Men,

women

-

. =: . : rcise;

-Exercise

r s ten

and ead

; .

: .

-

: ' -

o l h e r c o u n t r i e s

: l

went

for

12

went out

wenl round

13

went owaY

went o bed 14 went swimming

d

1-peop le ;

2 - thePeoPle

p

| - m r r s i c : 2 - T h e m u : i t

i 1

-

l h e p o e t r y :

- P o e l r )

Defining

elative lauses

i

,orn.on"

(who)

I work with

the

thing

(thot)

.,"i

a) and bl

,l:,,

1

b .. ond

these ore

the peoPle

who

/

thot were

stoying

in the

op(rrtment

next door.

2 a

thi,

ls tt

"

bolcony

where

we hod

breokfost

every

morning

.. .

b

... ond

this is the

beoch

which

/

tho t

r , rosigh l

in f ron t

o f cur

oportment.

3

cr

This s o bcr

which thot

stoyed

open till

three n

the morning

.. .

b

. . . ond

Lh iss

he mon

who

/

tho l

owned

t.

4 a

This

is n fish

restourant

where

we

hod excellent

meols

..

b .. ond

this

is crwomon

whose

mother

cooked

wonderful

Poe1lo.

5

0

:i:l;ff",ffv

(when)e

went

b

. . ' ; ; ; ' . i ' . , i ' "

m e n

w h o : e

boot

we borrowed.

6

a This is

a morket

which

I

thot

wos open everyWednesdoY

..

b . . .

ond th is

s me

weor ing ho t

lwh ich

thoLt

bought

here .

Prepositions

ith

defining

elative

lauses

:i'',i

i'

.:;-;t.,:i;i

1,;i

4;11

:i

r 'ocabulary

: : : c a n d c o o k i n g

-auliflower

d

,Jro\.vn

e

Pronunciat ion

r c f

l o f t a r c

a)

restgi/ront

veqdtoble

internotlpnal

f chop

h

g

delicious

i

B offlring

9 troditipnol

10 serv/d

f

on

/

with

g

wltn

N WI I N

5

consroel9cl

6

difffrent

7 int/restingly

gcrlic

spoon

fork

splcy

11

morrifge

12 busihess

.rr.t:,:i

b t o

c

with

d i n

e t o

lmprove ourwrit ing

Sending

nd

eplyingo

invi tat ions

y

e-mai l

a)

crn nvitotion

to o

meeting:

C, rePlY:

- o wedding

invitotion:

F,

ePlY:B

-r on

invitotion

to stoy

for the

weekend:

A,

reply: D

Quantifiers

q

few, a

lot

of, etc.)

,,.i'

b 4

c 6

d 7 e 3

f

1

g 2

; in

2

' . . .

You 've

ivenme o

lo t o f

good

i d e c r so r . . . '

3

There

were

oo

mony

people ..

4

. . .bu t here

no l

much

pork ing

spoce

n the cify

cenbe.

5 ...but

not mony

for the evening

one.

6

... but

not enough solt-

7 'Can I have plenty of fruit .. '

b)

Useful

hroses

tr,

ting:

I

wos

wonde r i ng

i f

you 'd l i ke

lo come

. .

Lel me

know os

soon

cs

You

con.

Could

you

possibly come

to ..

I do

hope

you con

come.

ac

c eptin

g an

inv t ation

I 'd love

to come

. ..

Yes, think

I con

moke

it .

refusing

an

in';ic[aion:

l 'm

o f r c r . i d . . .

J

\ . . 'o l t

:

.

. t l l l .

lo come.

\\-hot

c-r home

-

some

other time,

5un

Mar ia

Maciej

::

' : : i

usual iy

o

breakfast,

aybe

riceandsoup

served

with

seaweed

n

t

cappuccino

nd

cornetto

an open

sandwich

wi th

hamor

cheese

or tomatoes

n t

lunchbox

lth

r icean d

kimchl n t

sandwich

pierogi

uski

kimchi,

iceandsoup,

maybe

meat

chicken

r

pork

with

soya

auce)

maybe

minestrone

soup,

ish , i ramisu

maybe otlet

or

bigos

and

bread

perhops?

91


17/21

,

I

c

A

e

f

v

h

.i:."i

1

3

=

5

6

7

.i a

f i i a : : " l l ' " " l : : I C " a : : 6 i '

Grammar nack

Art ic les i th

countable

nduncountableouns

,'". )

bl

2 - 3 o 4 t h e 5 - 6 * 7 a 8 - 9 T h e . t 0 o

Vocabulary

Formation f nouns

a)

cdvertisement

competition

persuoded

decided

equipment

Pronunciation

ful , l l , l$t

and tJl

Iii

")

nli"se"Ei

L,'?

,:fi

y*,$

fu$ffi'

i;:tr

Futures or

prediction

will,

might,

mqy,etc.l

Corlos

proboLrlywon't

poss

his

English exam.

We moy be

lote

so don't woi t for us.

Chris

sn't likely

to

get

the

iob.

I'll olmost certoinly

do an English course here next yeor.

Teresomight

well decide to

stoy

in New York.

We'll

proboLrly

go

owoy this

weekend.

There

ore

like1y to be lots of

people

on the beoch.

a)

We

definitely

won't hove time to do ony sightseeing.

I t 's ike ly to rcin before he end of the doy.

My

friend Mori

could

be o fomousoctress ne

doy.

My boss

nlmost certoinly won't ogree o the

pay

rise.

You'Il probobly recognisemy sisterwhen

you

seeher.

We oren't likely

to

get

bock from

the

theotre before

mldnlont.

8 Our teocher

will

olmost cedoinly

give

us o

lot

of homework

tor rne weeKeno.

Hypothetical

ossibilities

ith f

a)

2 a

3 e

4 c 5 f 6 b 7 d 8 9

c)

2

3

t+

5

o

b)

1

2

.J

i

5

,s

je:"{l

2

3

4

a)

s / l s

'll

/

will coll

s i l s

'd

i

would go

wer

spent

worked

wouldn't hove

2

ttlt

J

I3 I

a

lsl

Note: words with

'ss',

e.g.

permission,

discussion, re

pronounced

with

lJ l

words with

's',

e.g.

persuosion,

easure, re pronounced

wiLh

lt l

Reading

b fo lse

vd

True

f True h fo lse

c False e False

g

True

lmprove

our

writ ing

Formal

nd nformal ty les

''*

i?'3

al

ii

t,.,ii

z

2

5

7

a

/l/

8

ldsl

lasl

e

ltl

Itil

La

bl

I don't suppose

you've

found it

could

you post

t

let me know how

much the

postoge

s

I om writing to enquire whether

I do hope it hos been found

I

would

be

groteful

if

you

could send it

I

will

of course

poy

for

postoge

l f

sentences

n

socialsi tuations

i .

a l

2 Is it clright if I use he

phone?

3 I' li take o messoge

f

he

phones.

4 Would onyone mind if I opened o window?

j

t-JlSi":..y.uo lif t if

you

l ike.

6 lhot cl be greot

7 I wouldn't drive in this weother if I were

you.

Grammar

nack

Word order of adverbs

certainly,

robobly,

definitely)

,d;,q;

b

My

ount olmost certoiniy

won't heor

the

phone.

c

Don't osk

Nick obout

the

lecture: he probobly

wcsn't

rrsrenrng.

d It 's 11.00: hey'vealmost cef io in ly missed

heir roin.

e Stephendefinitely doesn't smoke.

f

Don't

ring Kote, he

probobly

isn't home yt.

g

los

definitely didn't take the money:

he

wos

with me

oll

doy.

b

7

11

ttlt

r2

l l l

Countable Uncountable

guest-house

iourney

temperature

price

scenery

accommodation

travel

weather

money

-ment -sron -tion

equipment

treatment

argument

advertisement

improvement

permission

persuasion

decision

revtSl0n

discussion

competit ion

operation

production

explanation

92


18/21

r.:i'iiri

'i$F

;i

iu'$i{H:':{i

bcabulary

mrmt

rerbs =ns

prepositions

-r t

,

rffir

l k r

l s r

$

,om

:

CUI OI

- i n

\ h \ :

I | n

enough

tongue

encouroge

- ^ , , ^ L

r uugu

stomoch

money

budget

; l l i l i

iie,:ttffii. '3F'ig;'r,,Jf1: :.,

ji

,ri',tr.

*Ti

;il-'ii;

$i fi '#

*u$

fi,,,niii

:','i::

l

r;;i..l

F;

l;'u#

PastPerfect

r

Past

Simple

b

yg',

'9

/

hod eft

c lelt. d t hod hqcl

d

'd

I

hod s topped,

o t

e

wos,

d

i

hod

eoten

f met, didn't reolise,

d

/

hod

been

morried

g

hodn't seen, elt

h song,

d

/

hod never heord

I

'd

I

hod

written,

posted

j

become,

d

/

h


19/21

,J

FEW#fl

k#y

1;3,ott"o

questions

:'Jil ""

:",ffi

-'",1"

n","

reose?

Pronunciation

Connected

peech:

inks

etween

words

ffi"

But before

we

could

move,

the man

had

come

outsidg

again'

In

the

light

we

could

see

that

he

had

something

white

under

hi.s

arm

He

looked

round

to

see

f

anYone

was

watching

v

him.

Then

there

was

a sudden

crash

as

he

broke

the

thing

against

the

wall'

v

He

was

so

busy

that

he

didn't

see

the

three

of

us

coming

towards

him'

v

HoLnes iumped

on

his

back

and

he feU

v

to

the

ground

heavily.

Lestrade

and

I

quickly

ran

to

helP

Holmes

l

had

mY

gun

ready

and

soon

t was

impossible

v

v

v

for

the

man

to

escape.

Grammar

nack

Defini te

rt ic le

or

shared

nowledge

I

the

9 o

1O

on

lmproveYourwriting

Time

expressions

or

el l ing

tories

9

3,1,u

8

ofter

9

At

first

z

2

il: *""t:'iJttT'ffi']i:?X'lliv,"it.*smvser

He

osked

e

r

I

hod

"t

Hiiti"fltT,";ne

ot

ure

topover

il{$$ili**ililil;.;"

fi:::i:i

il:

illffi',H'#',till')"ln'o

roueht

ith

o

7

8

f ;'.-';: jk",f:ii^Hr*,i'."nr,irn

n

8 o

e j

1 0 f

5 b

6 d

7 i

6a l

;n

3 e :

+ h

VocabularY

Weather

Phrases

strong

thick

boiling

slippery

stormy

pouring

frosty

deep

breeze

Listenand read

Sherlock

olmes

f?:..

#

i

$:

;

$:,'

bl

: ,7

: 3

4

5

6

7

8

:9

tro

I

k

d . ,

F

;

, :

' f

;,

'?

d

1

V', ,

6),

2

;

:

f

A

;

10

1 1

1 2

in the

end

During

afterwords

b)

2

First

3

ot

first

5

Afterwords

in

the

end

6

After

' ;

: :*" . ,- ,*,"*

*i-::::::""

shouldnrt

must '

ffiffiMwffiwee

Obligation

nd

Permission

should

f

ought

oren't

ollowed

9

don't

hove

ore

ollowed

h

musrn't /

con't

con ' t lmustn ' t

i

con

SC:

Con

I

book

oerobics

closses

n

odvonce?

i8JJ|J:#TJ-:'IilT#"i:*;'*'

::

;'*"i

ii::'J

"tl::

:'-ho,

v

eo

?

ic'

Ho*

mony

closses

m

I ollowed

o

miss?

94


20/21

Ctil igation

nd

permission

n the

past

b)

2

3

I

I

towords

out of

/ + L - ^ , . - L

5 n n c t i n t n

6 through, ocross

/ round

8 therefore

D

- ' .

- . .es t ions

id

you

huve o onswer?

:

-

,,^ .

-.r iwenty in three hours.

. . . .owed

o s toyup lo te?

. :.-uid

sit by

the compfire until

midnight

- :

j:,:r,'e

o

get

up

early?

- r.-rll't

hove

to get up until 9.

- - :: :=.::rse

ove

a

good

time

in Americo?

-

: . ;d

to

work

s ix doYs week.

-

'

' : i b l e l

-

-

,:

=

.rosn't

crllowed

o phone us.

;ir-ed o toke

o

colculqtor

nto the exom?

Grammarnack

- ing ormsas nouns

b Buying a

gun is

quite

eosy.

c

Parklng

on the

povement

is possible.

d Wenring shorts n church is forbidden.

e

Living vrith your porents until you get

morried is common.

I

Get t ing d ivorce

s d i f f i ru l t .

g

Wolk ingo loneot n ighr s no l

/

isn ' t

o

good

dea.

h Ce i r ingmorr iec i t the ogeo l l 4 i s

permi l ted .

i Weoringo croshhelmet on c motorbike s not

/ isn ' t

compulsory.

j

Buylng drugs s iilegol.

'nust

and

hsve

to

.

-

' .

r ,

{ '

[ o e d idn t hcve l o

'

, ,. ::

f don't hove to

' - ; o

g

m u s t n ' t

?1oke

and tef

lmprove ourwriting

Linking ords

:i

:i

1i

1,.

z crscl resutt

3 Whot is more

4 Despite this

(

n l + k n " n h

6 for this reoson

, / besldes

5oel l ing nd pronunciat ion

: - lol /

universi tyubjects

a)

' -

* ^ t i ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ l

c - r - u r r L r

g c u g r u p r r y

b i o l o g y p h y s i c s

=.:,rstry

history languoges literoture

:motion

technology sociology

psychology

:sophy

physicol

educotion medio studies

. . .

u\ )tudies economics

I

o o

o o o o

O o O

o o

. . .ophy b io logy phys ics

rhemist ry

o

o

o

o o

o

o o o o

o

o o

o o

o

r.ory

longuoges literature informotion

technology

, : a o o o

l o o

o a o o

O o o o o S o

-.o1ogy psychology philosophy physicoleduccrtion

a

o

C

o

o O

o

o

o o o

C

o

.-.=dio

tudies

religious

studies economics

Vocabulary

- 'anspor t :

noun+ noun

could

have should

have

would have

'

:

z a 5 c 4 r ) D o o

I

-

i - p t

=

-

makes

iroffic

jnm

toxi ronk

season icket

d 1 - m o d e

e

7 * l e t

e petrol stotion

f crosh helmet

n c n o c z l l i m i t

6 l

7 9

h must

f 3 - l e t

g 2

-

mrrde

h bus

lclre

,:.

b

would hove liked

c couldn'thove

ru n

d shouldn't have listened

e would hove bought

';

b We could have invited

c You snoulo roKe

d

i wou ldn ' t hove hod

Fast

sentences

with if

d 1 e 7

I cou ld hove hod

g wouldn't

have

believed

h could htrve

been

i should have done

o I ' d h n r z o c t n r r o r ]

f

We

couldn'1.w0it

F A

h 6

4

q J

Grammarnack

Preposit ions

f

movement

. a )

2 e 5 ch

a)

b l f

you 'd

worn o

jumper

you wou ldn ' t

be co ld .

c

]osh

wouldn't

hcve

lost h is

temper f he hodn' l

been

very

/

so ired.

d If Som

hod cionehis homework

he'd know the

onswer.

e

lI I 'J

gone

been o my usuol hoirdresser,

y hoir wouldn't

look so

terrible.

t I f TC donea compuler ourse'd hoveo wel l -po id ob.

9

. \ . rce

ou ld

hove

got

your

messogef she 'd

beenot home

. :::l

nieht'

ir If

the store

mcnager hcrdn't known

Ruth's other,

he

r rou ldn ' t

hove

g iven

her

the

ob.

n O f 1 n h

95


21/21

p3, i t tb , , t# f

k#Y

Grammar

nack

Verb+ object

+ infinitive

;F

,

2

Jim

wonted

fuliet

to stoy.

3 My

fother tought

me to drive lost yeor.

4 The locol

people odvised us

not to drink the

woter.

5

fohn

oskedSoroh

o

get him someospir in.

6 Toni

ond

fo

persuoded he trovel

ogent to

give

them o

discount.

7 My

mother reminded

me to lock the bock

door.

8 We told

the children

not to touch the computer.

9 Ion odvised

Mortin

to

go

to the

police.

10 Todd

oskedhis neighbour

not to

moke so much

noise.

lazz chant

Verbs

hat describe

ehaviour

nd eactions

b)

I

5

o

7

I

9

How ore

you? I hoven't

seen

you for ages.

Hi,

glad you c ould come.

Did

you

hove

ony

problems

getting here?

I

heor

you're

going

to

study in Progue.

l'm

sorry

to

interrupt but

I hove to

90

now

It's getting

lote.

Oh deor,

s thol the

time?

I reolly

must rush.

i' Did

you hove

ony

problems

gefting here?

3 How

ore

you?

I hoven't seen

you for oges.

4 Hello,

've heord

c lo l .obout

You.

5 I

heor

you're going

to study

in Progue.

6

l'm sorry to

interrupt

but I hove

to

go

now

7

Oh deor,

s thot the

time? I reolly

must rush.

lmprove

our

writ ing

A

letter o sort

out

a

problem

3.}

)

d"s

;qi

q,#

z

i

{

Ct

a)

to

get

to

give

of

teiling

to believe

on heoring

driving

l':ll?

U LUKC

discussing

7

R

9

L0

Vocabulary

Using

he

dict ionary:

evision

+"'

4 4 B a r n R o a d

I . o r ' : '

g h . a \ S 4

v a o . h

l o

T h e M a n a g e r

E u r o t f i p s

T r a v e l A g e n t ' s

D e a r S i r / M a d a m

( e

-

a 1

w - 6 ^ - o g o

- - p i . : . - d

r o u

o [

' -

o

b o o k a r e t u r n

f l i g h t t o M e x i c o

C l t y , l e a v i n g

o n J u l y

8 t h

a n d r e t u r n i n g o n

J u l y 2 7 t h . Y o u

b o o k e d

m e o n t o

a f l i g h t c o s t i n g

f 4 2 5 , v h i c h

T

p a i d

b y

c r e d i t

c a r d . A u e e k

1 a t e r , I

r e c e i v e d

n y c r e d i t

c a r d

r e c e i p t a n d t h e

t i c k e t ,

b u t

u n f o r t u n a t e l y

t h e d a t e s w e r e

w r o n g .

1 i n n e d i a t e l y

r e t u r n e d

t h e t i c k e t b y

r e g i s t e r e d

p o s t ,

u l t h

a n o t e e x p l a : i n i n g t h e

p r o b l e m . T h a t

l t a s 1 0 d a y s a g o ,

a n d I h a v e

h e a r d

n o t h i n g

f r o n

y o u s i n c e t h e n .

As

y o u c a n i n a g i n e ,

I an very

concerned about

t h i s

b e c a u s e

I n e e d t o

m a k e o t h e r

a r r a n g e m e n t s

f o r

m y t r i p , u h i c h

I c a n n o t d o

u n t i l

t h e d a t e s

a r e c o n f l r n e d .

I w o u l d

t h e r e f o r e

b e

g r a t e f u l i f

y o u

c o u l d l o o k

i n t o

t h i s

m a t t e r

i n n e d i a t e l y .

I l o o k f o r w a r d

t o h e a r i n g

f r o m

y o u .

6

7

8

t)

7

8

q

b)

a

.I

5

c)

J

i

uncountoble

different

not

silent

to

obout

found

ignored

decisive

countoble

moKe

different

some

(or

nothing)

ionoronce

to

knowledge

Real

i fe

i i rutg

rnO in'rf, ing

onversations

x ,?)

2 h

3 f

4 i 5 9 6 c t

7 b 8 d 9 e

verb

noun

adjective

I

advise

a

advice

a

advisable

a

decide

o

decision

t

decisive

tgnore

o

ignorance

' a

:

ignorant

O

Know

a

knowledge

a

knowledgeable

a

solve

a

sotution

cutting edge interm workbook 76-96

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