Curriculum Vitae

Michael D. King

Address: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 3665 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303-7819

Telephone: (303) 692-8099

Born: October 20, 1949

Home page: lasp.colorado.edu/home/personnel/michael.king

ResearcherID: www.researcherid.com/rid/C-7153-2011

ResearchGate: www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_King7/publications

Education

1977 Ph.D. University of Arizona, Tucson; in Atmospheric Sciences 1973 M.S. University of Arizona; in Atmospheric Sciences 1971 B.A. Colorado College, Colorado Springs; in Physics

Professional Experience

2009– Team Leader, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Science Team, NASA

2008– Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Phys-ics, University of Colorado

2008–2013 Member, Scientific Steering Committee, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University

2004–2008 Affiliate Senior Professor, Earth Sciences and GeoInformation Sciences, School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.

2000–2012 Adjunct Professor, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park. Collaborative research and teach-ing of graduate course entitled ‘Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere.’

2000 Visiting Professor of Environmental Science, Colorado College. Taught undergraduate course entitled ‘Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space.’

1997–2008 Goddard Senior Fellow, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Recom-mend to the Goddard Director the allocation of the Director’s Discre-tionary Fund, and monitor the progress of its various activities. Advise the Center Director on issues related to research policy and the im-provement of the research and development environment.

1992–2008 Senior Project Scientist, Earth Observing System (EOS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Primary day-to-day interface between the Earth science community and the Office of Earth Science in defining and repre-senting scientific requirements and providing related scientific insight and guidance to the EOS Project. Work closely with the Associate Adminis-trator, Director of Earth Science Research & Analysis Program, and oth-er Earth science personnel at NASA Headquarters to ensure that scien-

Michael D. King 2 tific and related programmatic requirements are appropriately imple-mented by the EOS Project. Co-chair the EOS Investigators Working Group (IWG). Guide and lead the efforts of 14 Project Scientists and their deputies associated with the various EOS payloads and the EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS). Responsibility for $130 M of funding annually (prior to 2003) to support algorithm development for all EOS instrument teams as well as all EOS calibration/validation activities.

1992 Deputy Team Leader, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Science Team, NASA. Chair of the MODIS Technical Team, consisting of Atmosphere, Land, and Ocean Discipline Leaders from the Science Team, Heads of the Team Leader Support Teams (Administra-tive Support, Characterization Support, Science Data Support), and In-strument Systems Manager. Assist Team Leader in managing Science Team and developing science algorithms prior to launch.

1992–2002 Adjunct Professor of Atmospheric Science, Department of Oceanogra-phy, Dalhousie University. Collaborative research and advising of grad-uate students in atmospheric radiation and remote sensing.

1986–1987 Visiting Professor, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington (on sabbatical leave). Taught graduate courses entitled ‘At-mospheric Radiation II’ and ‘Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere.’

1983–1992 Project Scientist, Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Chief science advisor to ERBE Project Manager; numerous presentations to NASA Administrator, Associate Administrator, Division Chiefs, Director of Goddard Space Flight Center, and press on scientific background and status of the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) and ERBE; member of team with deci-sion making authority over launch of the Earth Radiation Budget Satel-lite (ERBS) from space shuttle Challenger (Mission 41–G).

1978–1992 Physical Scientist, Laboratory for Atmospheres (formerly Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Multiple light scattering, radiative transfer; remote sensing of clouds, aerosols, Earth radiation budget; inversion methods; radiation instrumentation.

1972–1977 Research Assistant/Associate, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Universi-ty of Arizona. Development and application of remote sensing methods for inferring total ozone content, aerosol size distribution, aerosol com-plex refractive index, and surface albedo from ground-based solar radia-tion measurements.

1971–1972 Teaching Assistant, Department of Physics, University of Arizona. 1970 Counselor and Instructor in Special Relativity, National Science Founda-

tion Summer Program, Colorado College.

Special Experience

2009– Team Leader of the MODIS science team on Terra and Aqua. 1990–2009 Head of the Atmosphere Discipline Group of the MODIS science team

on Terra and Aqua. 1990– Responsible for 5 science algorithms being run routinely to process

Michael D. King 3 MODIS satellite data globally: (i) cloud optical properties component of the MODIS cloud product, a level-2 algorithm for determining cloud op-tical thickness and effective particle radius of both liquid water and ice clouds, and level-3 combined atmosphere products at 1° x 1° lati-tude/longitude resolution, averaged over (ii) a day, (iii) eight days (half of the orbital repeat cycle of MODIS), and (iv) a month, and (v) a joint at-mosphere level-2 product with the most important atmosphere properties sampled every 5-10 km to reduce the size of this data product for ease of use globally.

Television, press, and radio interviews

US, Portugal, Japan, China, Zambia, South Africa, Brazil, UK

Press conferences

US, Brazil, South Africa

Cabinet Meeting

Addressed Cabinet meeting of South Africa, presided over by the Deputy President of South Africa Jacob Zuma, on SAFARI 2000 and NASA’s in-terest in biomass burning and the environment of South Africa

Honors and Awards

Major 2014 Elected Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, for ‘fundamental

research in remote sensing of clouds and aerosols’ 2010 Award of Excellence, Society for Technical Communication, International Tech-

nical Publications Competition, for ‘Our Changing Planet: The View from Space’

2010 Best of Show Award, Society for Technical Communication, Washington, DC Chapter, for ‘Our Changing Planet: The View from Space’

2006 Presidential Rank Award of Meritorious Senior Professional 2006 Space Systems Award, Earth Observing System (EOS) Team, American Institute of

Aeronautics and Astronautics, for ‘developing the Earth Observing System, consisting of a series of earth-observing satellites, an advanced data sys-tem, and teams of scientists that represent the first global environmental monitoring system’

2006 Elected Fellow, American Geophysical Union, for ‘seminal theoretical and ex-perimental methods for the remote sensing of the optical properties of aerosols and clouds and understanding their roles in weather and climate, and the leadership of the definitive Earth Observing System’

2003 Elected Member, National Academy of Engineering, for ‘advancing our under-standing of the effects of aerosols and clouds on Earth‘s radiation and for leading programs to improve climate prediction’

2001 William Nordberg Memorial Award for Earth Science, the highest award of the Goddard Space Flight Center for Achievement in research in Earth sys-

Michael D. King 4 tems science, ‘in recognition of your exceptional scientific leadership of the NASA Earth Observing System during the last eight years, while leading outstanding experimental and theoretical research in atmospheric aerosol, clouds, and radiation’

2001 NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal ‘in recognition of your exceptional lead-ership of the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) during the last eight years while maintaining outstanding contributions to the sciences of at-mospheric radiation and remote sensing’

2000 Verner E. Suomi Award, American Meteorological Society, for ‘significant and fundamental contributions to remote sensing and radiative transfer, and for leadership in spacecraft experiments’

1997 Elected Goddard Senior Fellow 1995 Doctor of Science honoris causa, Colorado College 1993 Transactions Prize Paper Award, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing So-

ciety (best paper of the year award) 1992 NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal ‘in recognition of your out-

standing contributions to the development of instrumentation, theory, and analysis of remotely sensed aircraft and satellite data to increase the understanding of the physics of the Earth’s atmosphere’

1990 Elected Fellow, American Meteorological Society 1985 NASA Exceptional Service Medal ‘in recognition of dedicated service and

leadership as Project Scientist of the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite. His scientific skills and sound judgment contributed directly to the success of the ERBE mission’

Secondary 2008 NASA Group Achievement Award (Tropical Composition, Cloud and

Climate Coupling Experiment) 2007 NASA Group Achievement Award (Intercontinental Chemical Transport

Experiment) 2006 People’s Voice Award for Education, Webby Award, NASA’s Earth Obser-

vatory 2004 NASA Group Achievement Award (SORCE Mission Team) 2003 NASA Group Achievement Award (Aqua Mission Team) 2003 NASA Group Achievement Award (CRYSTAL-FACE Science Team) 2003 NASA Certificate of Appreciation for the creative development of techni-

cally significant software that has been accepted and approved by NASA, entitled ‘MODIS Cloud Optical Properties Algorithm (MOD_PR06OD)’

2003 Elected Senior Member, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2003 NASA Group Achievement Award (CERES Science Algorithms and Da-

ta Products Team) 2003 Goddard Space Flight Center Group Achievement Award (Outstanding

Teamwork Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua Mission Team) 2002 NASA Group Achievement Award (SAFARI 2000 International Leader-

ship Team) ‘in recognition of your outstanding dedication and leadership in the execution of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative

Michael D. King 5 (SAFARI 2000)’

2001 NASA Group Achievement Award (The Earth Observatory Web Page Team)

2001 NASA Group Achievement Award (Earth Observing System Terra Pro-ject)

2001 NASA Public Service Group Achievement Award (Earth Observing Sys-tem (EOS) AM Program Team)

2000 NASA Group Achievement Award (Outstanding Teamwork Earth Ob-serving System/AM (EOS/AM) Project Team)

1999 NASA Group Achievement Award (CERES Algorithm Development and Data Management Team)

1998 NASA Group Achievement Award (TRMM Team) 1997 NASA Group Achievement Award (FIRE II Science & Operations

Team) 1992 NASA Group Achievement Award (FIRE Science Team) 1988 Langley Research Center Group Achievement Award 1985 NASA Group Achievement Award (ERBE Project) 1983 Goddard Space Flight Center Special Achievement Award 1971 Magna cum laude, Colorado College

Professional Memberships

National Academy of Engineering (Member) American Meteorological Society (Fellow) American Geophysical Union (Fellow) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Fellow) American Association for the Advancement of Science (Member)

National and International Activities

2013–2014 Member and Vice Chair, Committee on a Framework for Analyzing the Needs for Continuity of NASA-Sustained Remote Sensing Observations of the Earth from Space, National Research Council, The National Academies

2012–2015 Member, Committee on Earth Sciences and Applications from Space, National Research Council, The National Academies

2011–2012 Member, Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Re-search Council, The National Academies

2010–2013 Member of the Atmospheric Research Awards Committee, American Meteorological Society

2009–2011 Member, Climate Research Committee, National Research Council, The National Academies

2009– Team Leader of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) science team of the Earth Observing System (EOS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration

2007–2010 Member of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) science team, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Michael D. King 6 2005–2008 Member, Expert Team on Satellite Systems, World Meteorological Or-

ganization 2003-2010 Member of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

(MODIS) science team of the Earth Observing System (EOS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration

2001–2003 Member of the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Lay-ers (CRYSTAL) - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) science team, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

2000–2008 Member of the International Radiation Commission, International Asso-ciation of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, IUGG

1999–2013 Science Advisor, Earth & Sky Radio Series 1999–2002 Member of the Committee on Cloud Physics, American Meteorological

Society 1996–1999 Member of Focus on Direct Radiative Forcing Committee of the Interna-

tional Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Commission 1996–1996 Member of the Global Imager (GLI) science team, National Space De-

velopment Agency (NASDA) of Japan 1992–1996 Member of Executive Committee of the International Commission on

Clouds and Precipitation (ICCP) 1991–1993 Associate Editor, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorologi-

cal Society 1990 Lecturer, Course on “The Use of EOS for Studies of Atmospheric Phys-

ics,” International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi,” Italian Physical So-ciety, Varenna, Italy

1989–2003 Member of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) science team of the Earth Observing System (EOS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration

1989–2003 Co-Investigator of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Budget Energy System (CERES) science team of EOS, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

1987 External Ph.D. Examiner, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia

1986–1992 Member of Joint Working Group on Clouds and Radiation, International Radiation Commission and International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation

1986 Session Chair and Lecturer, Short Course on “Atmospheric Radiation as it Relates to Climate,” American Meteorological Society.

1986 Program Chairman, Sixth Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Amer-ican Meteorological Society

1985–2000 Member of the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE) science experiment team, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

1985 Member of external review committee for Aerosol Research Branch, Di-vision of Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center

1984–1988 Member and Chairman (1986–1988) of the Committee on Atmospheric Radiation, American Meteorological Society

Michael D. King 7 1980–1992 Principal Investigator on the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)

science team, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Research Experience

(i) Development of radiative transfer models. Treatment of anisotropic scattering in plane-parallel cloudy atmospheres using the doubling method and asymptotic theory for thick layers. De-velop method to compute asymptotic functions and constants by direct solution of matrices arising in the discrete-ordinates method. Use of the Gauss-Seidel iterative method to solve radiative transfer problems in ver-tically inhomogeneous atmospheres containing aerosols and ozone, in-cluding the effects of polarization.

(ii) Development of inversion methods for remote sensing. Selection of the Lagrange multiplier in constrained linear inversion prob-lems. Inference of aerosol size distributions and corresponding uncertain-ties from spectral aerosol optical thickness measurements. Retrieval of aerosol size distribution and spectral single scattering albedo from sky ra-diance measurements.

(iii) Applications to ground-based remote sensing. Inference of the total ozone content of the atmosphere from Chappuis band absorption. Determination of the spectral aerosol optical thickness of the atmosphere from direct solar transmission measurements, and the aerosol complex refractive index and surface albedo from direct-diffuse radiation measurements. Inference of the aerosol complex refractive in-dex and size distribution from lidar measurements. Determination of the aerosol size distributions of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol layer prior to aircraft or balloon penetration of the aerosol layer.

(iv) Applications to satellite remote sensing. Studies of the effect of an inhomogeneous planetary albedo on the inter-pretation of ERBE shortwave nonscanner measurements. Determination of the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius from reflected solar radiation measurements (Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper and Terra and Aqua/MODIS). Determine the spatially complete spectral surface albedo of terrestrial land surfaces every 16 days (Terra and Aq-ua/MODIS). Characterize the spectral albedo of snow-covered land sur-faces for the Northern Hemisphere (Terra and Aqua/MODIS).

(v) Applications to aircraft remote sensing. Determination of the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius from reflected solar radiation measurements (NASA WB-57F and ER-2 aircraft). Development and application of the diffusion domain method for inferring the spectral single scattering albedo of clouds from the angu-lar distribution of scattered radiation deep within a cloud layer (Universi-ty of Washington C-131A aircraft). Determined the bidirectional reflec-tance of various surfaces from airborne scanning radiometer observations. Inference of the aerosol optical thickness and size distribution of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol layer from airborne latitudinal surveys.

Michael D. King 8 (vi) Applications to climate modeling.

Parameterization of the shortwave and longwave impact of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol layer for use by climate models. Study of the comparative accuracy of selected multiple scattering approximations commonly used in climate models and remote sensing applications.

(vii) Development of scanning radiometers for use on aircraft. Developed the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) for inferring the spectral single scattering albedo of clouds, which was subsequently inte-grated and flown on the University of Washington’s B-23, C-131A, and CV-580 aircraft, South African Weather Service Aerocommander 690, Sky Research J-31, and NASA P-3B. Principal investigator of the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS), an airborne spectrometer that has been integrated and flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The primary use of this spectrometer is to aid in the development and validation of algo-rithms for determining cloud, aerosol and water vapor properties from the MODIS satellite sensor.

(viii) Participate in aircraft field experiments with multispectral radiometers. Have flown on and operated the Cloud Absorption Radiometer in ma-rine and continental stratocumulus clouds in Washington State, off the coast of California (FIRE marine stratocumulus experiment and MAST), and in the Azores (ASTEX); arctic stratus clouds over the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas off Barrow and Prudhoe Bay, Alaska; sea ice and arctic haze off Prudhoe Bay, Alaska; smoke and clouds resulting from biomass burning in Brazil, southern Africa, and Kuwait oil fire smoke; aerosol and clouds in Mexico City and environs; and agricultural regions around the Southern Great Plains ARM site [>550 research hours]. Have directed the NASA ER-2 as flight scientist in Houston (FIRE Cirrus experiment), the Azores (ASTEX), Australia (TOGA COARE), Fiji (CEPEX), Wallops Flight Facility (SCAR-A), Ames Research Center (MAST), Fairbanks (ARMCAS and FIRE ACE), Brazil (SCAR-B), South Africa (SAFARI 2000), and southern Florida (CRYSTAL-FACE).

Current Research Projects

(i) Analysis of multispectral solar radiation data to retrieve the cloud optical thickness and effective radius of water and ice clouds from MODIS data on Terra and Aqua.

(ii) Analysis of MODIS Airborne Simulator data to infer the cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius of marine stratocumulus, Arctic stratus, and cirrus clouds.

(iii) Determination of the spectral bidirectional reflectance of the ocean, sea ice, snow, tundra, savanna (cerrado, mopane, miombo), smoke, vegetation, desert (Saudi Arabia, Namib, Kalahari), and clouds between 0.5 and 2.3 µm.

Teaching Experience

1986 Atmospheric Radiation II, a graduate course in the Department of At-

Michael D. King 9 mospheric Sciences, University of Washington

1987 Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, a graduate course in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington

2000 Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space, an undergraduate course in the Departments of Environmental Science and Physics, Colorado College

2002 Short Course on Terra, a graduate course at Goddard Space Flight Cen-ter for students from MIT, Harvard, and the University of Maryland (Baltimore County and College Park campuses)

2002 Short Course on Terra, a graduate course at the International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, L’Aquila, Italy

2007 Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, a graduate course in the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland-College Park

2008 Summer Course on remote sensing and its applications in meteorology and environmental studies at the Nanjing University of Information Sci-ence and Technology, Nanjing, China

2010 Continuing Education Course on ‘Our Changing Planet: The View from Space’ at the University of Colorado

Students and Post-Docs Advised

1987–1990 Dr. Teruyuki Nakajima, NRC post-doctoral research associate 1995–1998 Dr. Robert Pincus, NRC post-doctoral research associate 1996–1998 Dr. Xu Liang, University of Maryland Baltimore County research assis-

tant professor (Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology) 1996–1999 Dr. Peter Soulen, University of Maryland Baltimore County post-

doctoral research associate (Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology) 1998 Ms. Suzie Young, undergraduate student, Clemson University (summer

employment) 1998 Ms. Tamara Beitzel, undergraduate student, Colorado College (summer

employment) 1999–2001 Dr. Charles Gatebe, USRA post-doctoral research associate 1999, 2000 Mr. Shane Crothers, undergraduate student, University of Ulster, Belfast,

Northern Ireland (summer employment) 2001–2002 Dr. Jérôme C. Riedi, University of Maryland Baltimore County post-

doctoral research associate (Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center)

2007-2008 Dr. Makoto Kuji, Nara Women’s University, Nara, Japan

Ph.D. Committees

1987 Dr. Gabriel Viera, University of New South Wales, thesis: ‘Information Analysis of Integral Equations in Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aero-sols’

2009 Dr. Qingling Zhang, Boston University, thesis: ‘A Global Spatially and Temporally Complete Reflectance Anisotropy Database to Improve Sur-face Characterization for Environmental Monitoring’

Michael D. King 10 2010 Dr. Nadia Smith, University of Johannesburg, thesis: ‘Air Quality Moni-

toring with Polar-Orbiting Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders – A Fast Re-trieval Scheme for Carbon Monoxide’

Michael D. King 11 Refereed Publications Over 87 refereed journal articles, 8900+ citations, h-index = 41

1. King, M. D., and D. M. Byrne, 1976: A method for inferring total ozone content from the spectral variation of total optical depth obtained with a solar radiometer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 2242–2251.

2. King, M. D., D. M. Byrne, B. M. Herman, and J. A. Reagan, 1978: Aerosol size dis-tributions obtained by inversion of spectral optical depth measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2153–2167.

3. King, M. D., and B. M. Herman, 1979: Determination of the ground albedo and the index of absorption of atmospheric particulates by remote sensing. Part I: Theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 163–173.

4. King, M. D., 1979: Determination of the ground albedo and the index of absorption of atmospheric particulates by remote sensing. Part II: Application. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1072–1083.

5. Reagan, J. A., D. M. Byrne, M. D. King, J. D. Spinhirne, and B. M. Herman, 1980: Determination of the complex refractive index and size distribution of atmospheric particulates from bistatic-monostatic lidar and solar radiometer measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1591–1599.

6. King, M. D., and R. J. Curran, 1980: The effect of a nonuniform planetary albedo on the interpretation of Earth radiation budget observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1262–1278.

7. King, M. D., D. M. Byrne, J. A. Reagan, and B. M. Herman, 1980: Spectral varia-tion of optical depth at Tucson, Arizona between August 1975 and December 1977. J. Appl. Meteor., 19, 723–732.

8. King, M. D., 1981: A method for determining the single scattering albedo of clouds through observation of the internal scattered radiation field. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2031–2044.

9. King, M. D., 1982: Sensitivity of constrained linear inversions to the selection of the Lagrange multiplier. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1356–1369.

10. King, M. D., 1983: Number of terms required in the Fourier expansion of the reflec-tion function for optically thick atmospheres. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 30, 143–161.

11. King, M. D., Harshvardhan, and A. Arking, 1984: A model of the radiative proper-ties of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol layer. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1121–1137.

12. Spinhirne, J. D., and M. D. King, 1985: Latitudinal variation of spectral optical thickness and columnar size distribution of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol lay-er. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10607–10619.

13. King, M. D., and Harshvardhan, 1986: Comparative accuracy of selected multiple scattering approximations. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 784–801.

14. ERBE Science Team, 1986: First data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 818–824.

15. King, M. D., M. G. Strange, P. Leone, and L. R. Blaine, 1986: Multiwavelength scanning radiometer for airborne measurements of scattered radiation within clouds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 513–522.

Michael D. King 12 16. King, M. D., 1987: Determination of the scaled optical thickness of clouds from re-

flected solar radiation measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1734–1751. 17. Radke, L. F., J. A. Coakley, Jr., and M. D. King, 1989: Direct and remote sensing

observations of the effects of ships on clouds. Science, 246, 1146–1149. 18. King, M. D., L. F. Radke, and P. V. Hobbs, 1990: Determination of the spectral ab-

sorption of solar radiation by marine stratocumulus clouds from airborne measure-ments within clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 894–907.

19. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, 1990: Determination of the optical thickness and ef-fective particle radius of clouds from reflected solar radiation measurements. Part I: Theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 1878–1893.

20. Nakajima, T., M. D. King, J. D. Spinhirne, and L. F. Radke, 1991: Determination of the optical thickness and effective particle radius of clouds from reflected solar ra-diation measurements. Part II: Marine stratocumulus observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 728–750.

21. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman, W. P. Menzel, and D. Tanré, 1992: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 30, 2–27.

22. King, M. D., 1992: Directional and spectral reflectance of the Kuwait oil-fire smoke. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 14545–14549.

23. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, 1992: Asymptotic theory for optically thick layers: Application to the discrete ordinates method. Appl. Opt., 31, 7669–7683.

24. Harshvardhan, and M. D. King, 1993: Comparative accuracy of diffuse radiative properties computed using selected multiple scattering approximations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 247–259.

25. King, M. D., L. F. Radke, and P. V. Hobbs, 1993: Optical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds modified by ships. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2729–2739.

26. Price, R. D., M. D. King, J. T. Dalton, K. S. Pedelty, P. E. Ardanuy, and M. K. Hobish, 1994: Earth science data for all: EOS and the EOS Data and Information System. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., 60, 277–285.

27. King, M. D., D. D. Herring, and D. J. Diner, 1995: The Earth Observing System (EOS): A space-based program for assessing mankind’s impact on the global envi-ronment. Opt. Photon. News, 6, 34–39.

28. Gumley, L. E., and M. D. King, 1995: Remote sensing of flooding in the U.S. upper Midwest during the summer of 1993. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 933–943.

29. Wielicki, B. A., R. D. Cess, M. D. King, D. A. Randall, and E. F. Harrison, 1995: Mission to Planet Earth: Role of clouds and radiation in climate. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 76, 2125–2153.

30. King, M. D., W. P. Menzel, P. S. Grant, J. S. Myers, G. T. Arnold, S. E. Platnick, L. E. Gumley, S. C. Tsay, C. C. Moeller, M. Fitzgerald, K. S. Brown, and F. G. Os-terwisch, 1996: Airborne scanning spectrometer for remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, water vapor and surface properties. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 777–794.

31. Tsay, S. C., P. M. Gabriel, M. D. King, and G. L. Stephens, 1996: Spectral reflec-tance and atmospheric energetics in cirrus-like clouds. Part II: Applications of a Fourier-Riccati approach to radiative transfer. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3450–3467.

32. Kaufman, Y. J., D. Tanré, H. R. Gordon, T. Nakajima, J. Lenoble, R. Frouin, H. Grassl, B. M. Herman, M. D. King, and P. M. Teillet, 1997: Passive remote sensing

Michael D. King 13 of tropospheric aerosol and atmospheric correction for the aerosol effect. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16815–16830.

33. Wang, M., and M. D. King, 1997: Correction of Rayleigh scattering effects in cloud optical thickness retrievals. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25915–25926.

34. Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, B. A. Baum, T. P. Charlock, R. N. Green, D. P. Kratz, R. B. Lee, III, P. Minnis, G. L. Smith, T. Wong, D. P. Young, R. D. Cess, J. A. Coakley, Jr., D. A. H. Crommelynck, L. Donner, R. Kandel, M. D. King, A. J. Miller, V. Ramanathan, D. A. Randall, L. L. Stowe, and R. M. Welch, 1998: Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES): Algorithm overview. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36, 1127–1141.

35. Kaufman, Y. J., P. V. Hobbs, V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff, P. Artaxo, L. A. Remer, B. N. Holben, M. D. King, D. E. Ward, E. M. Prins, K. M. Longo, L. F. Mattos, C. A. Nobre, J. D. Spinhirne, Q. Ji, A. M. Thompson, J. F. Gleason, S. A. Christopher, and S. C. Tsay, 1998: Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation—Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31783–31808.

36. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay, S. A. Ackerman, and N. F. Larsen, 1998: Discriminating heavy aerosol, clouds, and fires during SCAR-B: Application of airborne multispec-tral MAS data. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31989–31999.

37. Tsay, S. C., M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, and J. Y. Li, 1998: Airborne spectral meas-urements of surface anisotropy during SCAR-B. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31943–31953.

38. Kaufman, Y. J., R. G. Kleidman, and M. D. King, 1998: SCAR-B fires in the trop-ics: Properties and their remote sensing from EOS-MODIS. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31955–31968.

39. Ou, S. C., K. N. Liou, M. D. King, and S. C. Tsay, 1999: Remote sensing of cirrus cloud parameters based on a 0.63-3.7 µm radiance correlation technique applied to AVHRR data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2437–2440.

40. Wan, Z., Y. Zhang, X. Ma, M. D. King, J. S. Myers, and X. Li, 1999: Vicarious cal-ibration of moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer airborne simulator ther-mal-infrared channels. Appl. Opt., 38, 6294–6306.

41. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré, and T. Nakajima, 1999: Remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols from space: Past, present, and future. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2229–2259.

42. Curry, J. A. P. V. Hobbs, M. D. King, D. A. Randall, P. Minnis, G. A. Isaac, J. O. Pinto, T. Uttal, A. Bucholtz, D. G. Cripe, H. Gerber, C. W. Fairall, T. J. Garrett, J. Hudson, J. M. Intrieri, C. Jakob, T. Jensen, P. Lawson, D. Marcotte, L. Nguyen, P. Pilewskie, A. Rangno, D. C. Rodgers, K. B. Strawbridge, F. P. J. Valero, A. G. Wil-liams, and D. Wylie, 2000: FIRE Arctic Clouds Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 5–30.

43. King, M. D., and D. D. Herring, 2000: Monitoring Earth’s vital signs. Sci. Amer., 282, 72–77.

44. Dubovik, O., A. Smirnov, B. N. Holben, M. D. King, Y. J. Kaufman, T. F. Eck, and I. Slutsker, 2000: Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from AERONET sun and sky-radiance measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9791–9806.

45. Soulen, P. F., M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, G. T. Arnold, and J. Y. Li, 2000: Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy during the SCAR-A, Ku-wait oil fire, and TARFOX experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 10203–10218.

Michael D. King 14 46. Rolland, P., K. N. Liou, M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, and G. M. McFarquhar, 2000:

Remote sensing of optical and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds using MODIS channels: Methodology and sensitivity to assumptions. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11721–11738.

47. Baum, B. A., P. F. Soulen, K. I. Strabala, M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Men-zel, and P. Yang, 2000: Remote sensing of cloud properties using MODIS Airborne Simulator imagery during SUCCESS. 2: Cloud thermodynamic phase. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11781–11792.

48. Durkee, P. A., R. E. Chartier, A. Brown, E. J. Trehubenko, S. D. Rogerson, C. Skupniewicz, K. E. Nielson, S. Platnick, and M. D. King, 2000: Composite ship track characteristics. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2542–2553.

49. Platnick, S., P. A. Durkee, K. Nielson, J. P. Taylor, S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, R. J. Ferek, P. V. Hobbs, and J. W. Rottman, 2000: The role of background cloud micro-physics in the radiative formation of ship tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2607–2624.

50. Dubovik, O., and M. D. King, 2000: A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from sun and sky radiance measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20673–20696.

51. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, Q. Ji, G. T. Arnold, and J. Y. Li, 2001: Sen-sitivity of off-nadir zenith angles to correlation between visible and near-infrared re-flectance for use in remote sensing of aerosol over land. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39, 805–819.

52. Platnick, S., J. Y. Li, M. D. King, H. Gerber, and P. V. Hobbs, 2001: A solar reflec-tance method for retrieving the optical thickness and droplet size of liquid water clouds over snow and ice surfaces. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15185–15199.

53. Marchand, R. T., T. P. Ackerman, M. D. King, C. Moroney, R., Davies, J. P. Mul-ler, and H. Gerber, 2001: Multiangle observations of arctic stratus clouds from FIRE ACE: June 3, 1998, case study. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15201–15214.

54. Dubovik, O., B. Holben, T. F. Eck, A. Smirnov, Y. J. Kaufman, M. D. King, D. Tanré, and I. Slutsker, 2002: Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 590–608.

55. Swap, R. J., H. J. Annegarn, J. T. Suttles, J. Haywood, M. C. Helmlinger, C. Hely, P. V. Hobbs, B. N. Holben, J. Ji, M. D. King, T. Landmann, W. Maenhaut, L. Ot-ter, B. Pak, S. J. Piketh, S. Platnick, J. Privette, D. Roy, A. M. Thompson, D. Ward, and R. Yokelson, 2002: The southern African regional science initiative (SAFARI 2000): Overview of the dry season field campaign. S. African J. Sci., 98, 125–130.

56. Arnold, G. T., S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, J. Y. Li, and P. F. Soulen, 2002: Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy for Arctic sea ice and tun-dra. Int. J. Remote Sens., 23, 3763–3781.

57. King, M. D., W. P. Menzel, Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré, B. C. Gao, S. Platnick, S. A. Ackerman, L. A. Remer, R. Pincus, and P. A. Hubanks, 2003: Cloud and aerosol properties, precipitable water, and profiles of temperature and humidity from MODIS. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 442–458.

58. Platnick, S., M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, B. A. Baum, J. C. Riedi, and R. A. Frey, 2003: The MODIS cloud products: Algorithms and examples from Terra. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41, 459–473.

59. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, S. Platnick, G. T. Arnold, E. F. Vermote, and B.

Michael D. King 15 Schmid, 2003: Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy for several surfaces and ecosystems over southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8489, doi:10.1029/2002JD002397.

60. King, M. D., S. Platnick, C. C. Moeller, H. E. Revercomb, and D. A. Chu, 2003: Remote sensing of smoke, land and clouds from the NASA ER-2 during SAFARI 2000. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8502, doi:10.1029/2002JD003207.

61. Swap, R. J., H. J. Annegarn, J. T. Suttles, M. D. King, S. Platnick, J. L. Privette, and R. J. Scholes, 2003: Africa burning: A thematic analysis of the Southern African Re-gional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000). J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8465, doi:10.1029/2003JD003747.

62. Hsu, N. C., S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and J. R. Herman, 2004: Aerosol properties over bright-reflecting source regions. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42, 557–569.

63. King, M. D., S. Platnick, P. Yang, G. T. Arnold, M. A. Gray, J. C. Riedi, S. A. Ackerman, and K. N. Liou, 2004: Remote sensing of liquid water and ice cloud opti-cal thickness and effective radius in the arctic: Application of airborne multispectral MAS data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 857–875.

64. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S. Platnick, C. B. Schaaf, and F. Gao, 2005: Spatially complete global spectral surface albedos: Value-added datasets derived from Terra MODIS land products. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43, 144–158.

65. Mace, G. G., Y. Zhang, S. Platnick, M. D. King, P. Minnis, and P. Yang, 2005: Evaluation of cirrus cloud properties derived from MODIS data using cloud proper-ties derived from ground-based observations collected at the ARM SGP site. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 221–240.

66. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, A. I. Lyapustin, G. T. Arnold, and J. Redemann, 2005: Airborne spectral measurements of ocean directional reflectance. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1072–1092.

67. Jin, M., J. M. Shepherd, and M. D. King, 2005: Urban aerosols and their interaction with clouds and rainfall: A case study for New York and Houston. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S20, doi:10.1029/2004JD005081.

68. Baum, B. A., P. Yang, A. J. Heymsfield, S. Platnick, M. D. King, Y. X. Hu, and S. T. Bedka, 2005: Bulk scattering properties for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part II: Narrowband models. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1896–1911.

69. Abdou, W. A., S. H. Pilorz, M. C. Helmlinger, J. E. Conel, D. J. Diner, C. J. Bruegge, J. V. Martonchik, C. K. Gatebe, M. D. King, and P. V. Hobbs, 2006: Sua pan surface bidirectional reflectance: A case study to evaluate the effect of atmos-pheric correction on the surface products of the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadi-ometer (MISR) during SAFARI 2000. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 1699–1706.

70. Hsu, N. C., S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and J. R. Herman, 2006: Deep blue retrievals of Asian aerosol properties during ACE-Asia. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44, 3180-3195.

71. Chylek, P., S. Robinson, M. K. Dubey, M. D. King, Q. Fu, and W. B. Clodius, 2006: Comparison of near-infrared and thermal infrared cloud phase detections. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007140.

72. Yang, P., L. Zhang, G. Hong, S. L. Nasiri, B. A. Baum, H. L. Huang, M. D. King, and S. Platnick, 2007: Differences between collection 4 and 5 MODIS ice cloud op-

Michael D. King 16 tical/microphysical products and their impact on radiative forcing simulations. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 45, 2886-2899.

73. Gatebe, C. K., J. J. Butler, J. W. Cooper, M. Kowalewski, and M. D. King, 2007: Characterization of errors in the use of integrating-sphere systems for calibration of scanning radiometers. Appl. Opt., 46, 7640–7651.

74. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, C. B. Schaaf, D. K. Hall, and S. Platnick, 2007: North-ern Hemisphere five-year average (2000-2004) spectral albedos of surfaces in the presence of snow: Statistics computed from Terra MODIS land products. Remote Sens. Environ., 111, 337–345.

75. Hong, G., P. Yang, B. C. Gao, B. A. Baum, Y. X. Hu, M. D. King, and S. Platnick, 2007: High cloud properties from three years of MODIS Terra and Aqua collection 4 data over the tropics. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46, 1840–1856.

76. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, C. B. Schaaf, and S. Platnick, 2008: MODIS-derived spatially complete surface albedo products: Spatial and temporal pixel distribution and zonal averages. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 2879–2894.

77. Georgiev, G. T., C. K. Gatebe, J. J. Butler, and M. D. King, 2009: BRDF analysis of savanna vegetation and salt-pan samples. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 47, 2546–2556.

78. Gatebe, C. K., O. Dubovik, M. D. King, and A. Sinyuk, 2010: Simultaneous re-trieval of aerosol and surface optical properties from combined airborne- and ground-based direct and diffuse radiometric measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2777–2794.

79. Lyapustin, A., C. K. Gatebe, R. Kahn, R. Brandt, J. Redemann, P. Russell, M. D. King, C. A. Pedersen, S. Gerland, R. Poudyal, A. Marshak, Y. Wang, C. Schaaf, D. Hall, and A. Kokhanovsky, 2010: Analysis of snow bidirectional reflectance from ARCTAS Spring-2008 campaign. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4359–4375.

80. King, M. D., S. Platnick, G. Wind, G. T. Arnold, and R. T. Dominguez, 2010: Re-mote sensing of the radiative and microphysical properties of clouds during TC4: Results from MAS, MASTER, MODIS, and MISR. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00J07, doi:10.1029/2009JD013277.

81. Schmidt, K. S., P. Pilewskie, B. Mayer, M. Wendisch, B. Kindel, S. Platnick, M. D. King, G. Wind, G. T. Arnold, L. Tian, G. Heymsfield, and H. Kalesse, 2010: Ap-parent absorption of solar spectral irradiance in heterogeneous ice clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00J22, doi:10.1029/2009JD013124.

82. Wind, G., S. Platnick, M. D. King, P. A. Hubanks, M. J. Pavolonis, A. K. Heidinger, P. Yang, and B. A. Baum, 2010: Multilayer cloud detection with the MODIS near-infrared water vapor absorption band. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 49, 2315–2333.

83. Kindel, B. C., P. Pilewskie, K. S. Schmidt, O. Coddington, and M. D. King, 2011: Solar spectral absorption by marine stratus clouds: Measurements and modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D10203, doi:10.1029/2010JD015071.

84. Román, M. O., C. K. Gatebe, C. B. Schaaf, R. Poudyal, Z. Wang, and M. D. King, 2011: Variability in surface BRDF at different spatial scales (30 m–500 m) over a mixed agricultural landscape as retrieved from airborne and satellite spectral meas-urements. Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 2184–2203.

85. Gatebe, C. K., T. Varnai, R. Poudyal, C. Ichoku, and M. D. King, 2012: Taking the pulse of pyrocumulus clouds. Atmos. Environ., 52, 121–130.

Michael D. King 17 86. Minnis, P., G. Hong, J. K. Ayers, W. L. Smith, Jr., C. R. Yost, A J. Heymsfield, G.

M. Heymsfield, D. L. Hlavka, M. D. King, E. Korn, M. J. McGill, H. B. Selkirk, A. M. Thompson, L. Tian, and P. Yang, 2012: Simulations of infrared radiances over a deep convective cloud system observed during TC4: Potential for enhancing noctur-nal ice cloud retrievals. Remote Sens., 4, 3022–3054.

87. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, S. A. Ackerman, and P. A. Hubanks, 2013: Spatial and temporal distribution of clouds observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 51, 3826–3852.

88. Schmidt, K. S., H. Kalesse, H., R. Buras, M. Wendisch, B. Mayer, C. Emde, P. Pilewskie, M. D. King, L. Tian, G. Heymsfield, and S. Platnick, 2014: The impact of crystal shape and spatial variability of ice cloud optical thickness and effective radius – A TC4 case study. J. Geophys. Res., in preparation.

89. Gatebe, C. K., M. J. Genya, M. D. King, A. D. Kuznetsov, and I. N. Melnikova, 2013: Results of processing airborne observation of scattered solar radiation in cloud atmosphere. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., in preparation.

Other Publications

(a) Books:

1. King, M. D., Ed., 1999: EOS Science Plan: The State of Science in the EOS Program, NASA NP-1998-12-069-GSFC, 397 pp.

2. Greenstone, R., and M. D. King, Eds., 1999: EOS Science Plan: Executive Summary, NASA NP-1998-12-070-GSFC, 64 pp.

3. King, M. D., and R. Greenstone, Eds., 1999: 1999 EOS Reference Handbook, NASA NP-1999-08-134-GSFC, 361 pp.

4. King, M. D., J. Closs, S. Spangler, R. Greenstone, S. Wharton, and M. Myers, Eds., 2003: EOS Data Products Handbook, Volume 1, NASA NP-2003-4-544-GSFC, 258 pp.

5. Parkinson, C. L., A. Ward, and M. D. King, Eds., 2006: Earth Science Reference Hand-book: A Guide to NASA’s Earth Science Program and Earth Observing Satellite Missions, NASA NP-2006-5-768-GSFC, 273 pp.

6. King, M. D., C. L. Parkinson, K. C. Partington, and R. G. Williams, Eds., 2007: Our Changing Planet: The View from Space, Cambridge University Press, 390 pp.

(b) Book chapters:

1. Harshvardhan, A. Arking, M. D. King, and M. D. Chou, 1984: Impact of the El Chichón stratospheric aerosol layer on northern hemisphere temperatures. Aerosols and Their Climatic Effects, H. E. Gerber and A. Deepak, Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 261–273.

2. King, M. D., P. V. Hobbs, and L. F. Radke, 1987: Determination of the similarity parameter of clouds from airborne measurements of scattered radiation within clouds. Atmospheric Radiation: Progress and Prospects, K. N. Liou and Z. Xiuji, Eds., Sci-ence Press, Beijing, PRC, 489–497.

3. King, M. D., T. Nakajima, L. F. Radke, and P. V. Hobbs, 1989: Cloud absorption properties as derived from airborne measurements of scattered radiation within clouds. IRS ’88: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, J. Lenoble and J. F. Geleyn,

Michael D. King 18 Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 14–17.

4. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, 1989: Cloud optical parameters as derived from the multispectral cloud radiometer. IRS ’88: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, J. Lenoble and J. F. Geleyn, Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 18–21.

5. King, M. D., 1992: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Proc. International School of Physics “Enrico Fermi,” Course CXV, The Use of EOS for Studies of Atmospheric Phys-ics, J. C. Gille and G. Visconti, Eds., North-Holland Publishing Co., 253–285.

6. King, M. D., 1993: Radiative properties of clouds. Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, P. V. Hobbs, Ed., Academic Press, 123–149.

7. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay, and S. Platnick, 1995: In situ observations of the indirect effects of aerosol on clouds. Aerosol Forcing of Climate, R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzen-berg, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 227–248.

8. Schwartz, S. E., F. Arnold, J. P. Blanchet, P. A. Durkee, D. J. Hofmann, W. A. Hoppel, M. D. King, A. A. Lacis, T. Nakajima, J. A. Ogren, and O. B. Toon, 1995: Group report: Connections between aerosol properties and forcing of climate. Aero-sol Forcing of Climate, R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 251–280.

9. King, M. D., and M. K. Hobish, 1996: Satellite instrumentation and imagery. Ency-clopedia of Climate and Weather, S. H. Schneider, Ed., Oxford University Press, 652–655.

10. Wang, M., and M. D. King, 1997: Rayleigh scattering effects on cloud optical thick-ness retrievals. IRS 96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 194–197.

11. Pincus, R., M. D. King, S. Platnick, and S. C. Tsay, 1997: In situ measurements of the absorption of solar radiation in stratiform water clouds. IRS 96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 198–201.

12. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay, and P. V. Hobbs, 1997: Arctic radiation measurements in column atmosphere-surface system. IRS 96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Eds., A. Deepak Publishing, 437–440.

13. Herring, D. D., and M. D. King, 2000: Space-based observations of the Earth. Ency-clopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics, P. Murdin, Ed., Institute of Physics Publishing, 2959–2962.

14. King, M. D., and D. D. Herring, 2002: Research satellites (atmospheric sciences). Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, J. R. Holton, J. A. Pyle, and J. A. Curry, Eds., Aca-demic Press, 2038–2047.

15. King, M. D., 2007: The dynamic atmosphere: Introduction. Our Changing Planet: The View from Space, M. D. King, C. L. Parkinson, K. C. Partington, and R. G. Williams, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 5–9.

16. King, M. D., 2007: Cloud optical and microphysical properties. Our Changing Planet: The View from Space, M. D. King, C. L. Parkinson, K. C. Partington, and R. G. Wil-liams, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 15–20.

17. King, M. D., 2008: The Earth’s changing environment as seen from the vantage point of space. The Planetary Report, 28, 6–11.

18. Hsu, N. C., S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and D. J. Diner, 2007: Dust in the wind. Our

Michael D. King 19 Changing Planet: The View from Space, M. D. King, C. L. Parkinson, K. C. Partington, and R. G. Williams, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 56–60.

19. King, M. D., 2007: Appendix 1: Satellites and satellite orbits. Our Changing Planet: The View from Space, M. D. King, C. L. Parkinson, K. C. Partington, and R. G. Williams, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 339–346.

20. King, M. D., and S. B. Johnson, 2010: Earth science. Space Exploration and Humanity: A Historical Encyclopedia, S. B. Johnson, Ed., ABC-CLIO, 132-143.

21. King, M. D., and M. K. Hobish, 2011: Satellite instrumentation and imagery. Ency-clopedia of Climate and Weather, Second Edition. S. H. Schneider, T. L. Root, and M. D. Mastrandrea, Eds., Oxford University Press, Vol. 3, 25–28.

22. Kokhanovsky, A. A., S. Platnick, and M. D. King, 2011: Remote sensing of terrestri-al clouds from space using backscattering and thermal emission techniques. The Re-mote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space, J. P. Burrows, U. Platt, and P. Borrell, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 231–257.

23. King, M. D., and O. Dubovik, 2013: Determination of aerosol optical properties from inverse methods. Aerosol Remote Sensing, J. Lenoble, L. Remer, and D. Tanré, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 101–136.

24. King, M. D., 2014: Research satellites (atmospheric sciences). Encyclopedia of Atmos-pheric Sciences, 2nd Edition, G. R. North, J. A. Pyle, and F. Zhang, Eds., Academic Press, in press.

(c) Invited book review:

1. King, M. D., 1982: A review of “An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation” by Kuo-Nan Liou, 392 pp., Academic Press, 1980. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 63, 531–532.

(d) Meeting review:

1. King, M. D., 1987: Summary of the Sixth Conference on Atmospheric Radiation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 68, 346–355.

(e) Obituaries:

1. King, M. D., L. A. Remer, and N. Kaufman, 2006: Yoram J. Kaufman – 1948-2006 – Obituary. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 87, 1767–1768.

2. King, M. D., P. Pilewskie, and S. Platnick, 2013: Sean Twomey – 1927-2012 – Obi-tuary. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1424–1425.

(f) NASA Technical Memoranda:

1. King, M. D., 1982: Radiative characteristics of the aerosols. Radiative Effects of the El Chichón Volcanic Eruption: Preliminary Results Concerning Remote Sensing, W. R. Bandeen and R. S. Fraser, Eds., NASA TM-84959, 3–3—3–13.

2. King, M. D., and Harshvardhan, 1986: Comparative Accuracy of the Albedo, Transmission and Absorption for Selected Radiative Transfer Approximations. NASA Reference Publication 1160, 41 pp.

3. Arnold, G. T., M. Fitzgerald, P. S. Grant, and M. D. King, 1994: MODIS Airborne Simulator Visible and Near-Infrared Calibration - 1992 ASTEX Field Experiment: Calibration Version - ASTEX King 1.0. NASA Technical Memorandum 104599, 19 pp.

Michael D. King 20 4. Arnold, G. T., M. Fitzgerald, P. S. Grant, and M. D. King, 1994: MODIS Airborne

Simulator Visible and Near-Infrared Calibration - 1991 FIRE-Cirrus Field Experiment: Calibra-tion Version - FIRE King 1.1. NASA Technical Memorandum 104600, 23 pp.

5. Li, J. Y., H. G. Meyer, G. T. Arnold, S. C. Tsay, and M. D. King, 1997: The Cloud Absorption Radiometer HDF Data User’s Guide. NASA Technical Memorandum 104643, 34 pp.

(f) Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document:

1. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay, S. E. Platnick, M. Wang, and K. N. Liou, 1997: Cloud Re-trieval Algorithms for MODIS: Optical Thickness, Effective Particle Radius, and Thermodynamic Phase. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document ATBD-MOD-05, Goddard Space Flight Center, 79 pp. (available at modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/reference_atbd.html).

2. Hubanks, P. A., M. D. King, S. A. Platnick, and R. A. Pincus, 2008: MODIS Atmos-phere L3 Gridded Product Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document. Algorithm Theoretical Ba-sis Document ATBD-MOD-30, Goddard Space Flight Center, 100 pp. (available at modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/MOD08_D3/atbd.html).

(g) Ph.D. Dissertation:

King, M. D., 1977: Determination of the complex refractive index of atmospheric aero-sols by the diffuse-direct technique: A statistical procedure. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univer-sity of Arizona, 147 pp., available from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI.

(h) Conference/symposium papers:

1. King, M. D., D. M. Byrne, B. M. Herman and J. A. Reagan, 1976: A determination of aerosol size distributions from spectral optical depth measurements. Proc. Topical Meeting on Atmospheric Aerosols, Their Optical Properties and Effects, Williamsburg, VA, MA4–1—MA4–4.

2. Byrne, D. M., and M. D. King, 1976: Improved accuracy of spectral aerosol optical depth measurements: Influence of total ozone. Proc. Topical Meeting on Atmospheric Aer-osols, Their Optical Properties and Effects, Williamsburg, VA, TuB5–1—TuB5–4.

3. Reagan, J. A., D. M. Byrne, B. M. Herman and M. D. King, 1976: Determination of the complex refractive index of aerosol particles from bistatic lidar and solar radiom-eter measurements. Proc. Topical Meeting on Atmospheric Aerosols, Their Optical Properties and Effects, Williamsburg, VA, TuC3–1—TuC3–4.

4. Herman, B. M., M. D. King, J. A. Reagan and D. M. Byrne, 1976: The use of inver-sion techniques for lidar and radiometric aerosol studies. Radiation in the Atmosphere, H. J. Bolle, Ed., Science Press, 163–164.

5. Reagan, J. A., D. M. Byrne, M. D. King and B. M. Herman, 1977: Combined opti-cal techniques for remotely determining both the size distribution and complex re-fractive index of atmospheric particulates. Proc. Fourth Joint Conference on Sensing of En-vironmental Pollutants, New Orleans, LA, 554–560.

6. Reagan, J. A., B. M. Herman, D. M. Byrne and M. D. King, 1978: Some results of the UA–ARE program. Proc. Third Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Davis, CA, 241–243.

7. Wu, M. L. C., M. D. King and R. J. Curran, 1980: Determination of cloud optical

Michael D. King 21 thickness and cloud top altitude from aircraft observations. Proc. International Radiation Symposium, Ft. Collins, CO, 119–121.

8. King, M. D., 1980: Determination of the single scattering albedo of clouds through in situ observations of the radiation pattern. Proc. International Radiation Symposium, Ft. Collins, CO, 122–124.

9. DeLuisi, J., E. Dutton, B. Mendonca and M. D. King, 1982: Some radiative charac-teristics of the El Chichón dust cloud deduced from solar radiation measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

10. Arking, A., M. D. Chou, Harshvardhan and M. D. King, 1983: The effect of the El Chichón eruption on northern hemisphere temperatures. Presented at IUGG General Assembly, Hamburg, Germany.

11. King, M. D., and R. S. Fraser, 1983: The effect of El Chichón on the intensity and polarization of skylight at Mauna Loa. Proc. Fifth Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, American Meteorological Society, Baltimore, MD, 370–373.

12. Spinhirne, J. D., and M. D. King, 1983: Interpretation of spectral optical thickness observations of the El Chichón eruption cloud. Proc. Fifth Conference on Atmospheric Ra-diation, American Meteorological Society, Baltimore, MD, 364–365.

13. Radke, L. F., M. D. King and P. V. Hobbs, 1984: Preliminary measurements of the cloud single scattering albedo and interstitial aerosol from an aircraft. Proc. Ninth In-ternational Cloud Physics Conference, Talinn, Estonia, USSR, Volume III, 697–700.

14. King, M. D., L. F. Radke and P. V. Hobbs, 1985: Preliminary analysis of the cloud single scattering albedo from airborne measurements of scattered radiation within clouds. Presented at IAMAP/IAPSO Joint Assembly, Honolulu, HI.

15. Barkstrom, B. R., A. Berroir, R. D. Cess, A. Gruber, D. L. Hartmann, F. B. House, E. F. Harrison, F. O. Huck, G. E. Hunt, R. Kandel, M. D. King, A. T. Mecher-ikunnel, A. J. Miller, V. Ramanathan, J. A. Coakley, E. Raschke, G. L. Smith, W. L. Smith and T. H. Vonder Haar, 1985: Initial data from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Presented at IAMAP/ IAPSO Joint Assembly, Honolulu, HI.

16. King, M. D., 1986: Determination of the optical thickness of clouds from reflected solar radiation measurements. Proc. Sixth Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, American Meteorological Society, Williamsburg, VA, 66–69.

17. King, M. D., P. V. Hobbs and L. F. Radke, 1987: Determination of the similarity parameter of clouds from airborne measurements of scattered radiation within clouds. Presented at Clouds in Climate II: A WCRP Workshop on Modeling and Observa-tions, Columbia, MD.

18. King, M. D., T. Nakajima, L. F. Radke and P. V. Hobbs, 1990: Cloud absorption properties as derived from airborne measurements of scattered radiation within clouds. FIRE Science Results 1988, D. S. McDougal and H. S. Wagner, Eds., NASA CP-3083, 319–325.

19. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, 1990: Cloud optical properties as derived from the multispectral cloud radiometer. FIRE Science Results 1988, D. S. McDougal and H. S. Wagner, Eds., NASA CP-3083, 327–332.

20. King, M. D., T. Nakajima, L. F. Radke and P. V. Hobbs, 1989: Spectral absorption characteristics of marine stratocumulus clouds derived from in situ cloud radiation measurements. Presented at Symposium on the Role of Clouds in Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Climate, American Meteorological Society, Anaheim, CA.

Michael D. King 22 21. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, 1989: Cloud optical parameters as derived from re-

flected solar radiation measurements. Presented at Symposium on the Role of Clouds in At-mospheric Chemistry and Global Climate, American Meteorological Society, Anaheim, CA.

22. King, M. D., L. F. Radke, T. Nakajima and P. V. Hobbs, 1989: Determination of cloud optical and microphysical properties from multispectral cloud radiation meas-urements. Proc. ASTEX Workshop, Monterey, CA, 20.

23. Hobbs, P. V., L. F. Radke, and M. D. King, 1989: Airborne measurements of the structure and radiative properties of marine stratocumulus and cumulus clouds in ASTEX. Proc. ASTEX Workshop, Monterey, CA, 21.

24. King, M. D., L. F. Radke and P. V. Hobbs, 1990: Spectral absorption of marine stratocumulus clouds derived from in situ cloud radiation measurements. FIRE Sci-ence Results 1989, D. S. McDougal, Ed., NASA CP-3079, 79–84.

25. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, 1990: Cloud optical parameters as derived from the multispectral cloud radiometer. FIRE Science Results 1989, D. S. McDougal, Ed., NASA CP-3079, 85–91.

26. Radke L. F., P. V. Hobbs, J. A. Coakley, Jr. and M. D. King, 1990: Direct and re-mote sensing observations of the effects of ships on clouds. FIRE Science Results 1989, D. S. McDougal, Ed., NASA CP-3079, 163.

27. King, M. D., and T. Nakajima, 1990: Optical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds modified by ship track effluents. FIRE Science Results 1989, D. S. McDougal, Ed., NASA CP-3079, 165–169.

28. Nakajima, T., and M. D. King, 1990: Cloud microphysics retrieved from reflected solar radiation measurements. Proc. Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Optical So-ciety of America, Incline Village, NV, 484–487.

29. King, M. D., T. Nakajima, J. D. Spinhirne and L. F. Radke, 1990: Cloud micro-physical properties from multispectral reflectance measurements. Long-Term Monitor-ing of the Earth’s Radiation Budget, B. R. Barkstrom, Ed., Proc. SPIE, 1299, 139–153.

30. Nakajima, T., M. D. King and L. F. Radke, 1990: Retrieval of cloud microphysics from solar reflectance measurements. Proc. Spring Meeting, Meteorological Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese).

31. King, M. D., T. Nakajima and L. F. Radke, 1990: Optical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds modified by ship track effluents. Proc. Seventh Conference on Atmos-pheric Radiation, American Meteorological Society, San Francisco, CA, J110–J112.

32. Harshvardhan, and M. D. King, 1990: Approximations to the diffuse radiative prop-erties of cloud layers. Presented at Seventh Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, American Meteorological Society, San Francisco, CA.

33. King, M. D., and L. F. Radke, 1991: Optical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds modified by ship track effluents. Presented at Symposium on Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, XX General Assembly of IUGG, Vienna, Austria.

34. Nakajima, T., M. Kuji, T. Hayasaka and M. D. King, 1991: On the anomalous ab-sorption of solar radiation by clouds in remote sensing of cloud microphysics. Present-ed at Symposium on Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, XX General Assembly of IUGG, Vienna, Austria.

35. King, M. D., 1991: Radiative properties of clouds. Presented at Symposium on Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions, XX General Assembly of IUGG, Vienna, Austria (invited).

Michael D. King 23 36. King, M. D., 1991: Radiative properties of the Kuwait oil fire smoke. Presented at

the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA. 37. Harshvardhan, and M. D. King, 1992: The application of similarity relations to the

computation of spectrally integrated solar absorption by water clouds. Presented at the AGU Spring Meeting, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

38. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman, W. P. Menzel, and D. Tanré, 1992: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). Presented at the ASPRS Annual Convention, Washington, DC.

39. Kaufman, Y. J., D. Tanré and M. D. King, 1992: Remote sensing of aerosol and wa-ter vapor from MODIS. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Talinn, Es-tonia.

40. King, M. D., 1992: Radiative and microphysical properties of marine stratocumulus clouds. Presented at the International WCRP Symposium on Clouds and Ocean in Climate, Nagoya, Japan (invited).

41. Tsay, S. C., and M. D. King, 1993: Measurements of bidirectional reflectivity over snow, ice and other types of surfaces. Presented at AGU Spring Meeting, Baltimore, MD.

42. King, M. D., and S. C. Tsay, 1993: Radiative and microphysical properties of ma-rine stratocumulus clouds: Results from ASTEX. Presented at the AGU Spring Meet-ing, Baltimore, MD.

43. Gumley, L. E., M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, B. C. Gao and G. T. Arnold, 1993: Inter-comparison of MAS, AVIRIS, and HIS data from FIRE cirrus II. FIRE Cirrus Science Results 1993, D. S. McDougal, Ed., NASA CP-3238, 20–23.

44. King, M. D., 1993: Earth Observing System (EOS) Status and Overview. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA (invited).

45. Tsay, S. C., P. M. Gabriel, M. D. King and G. L. Stephens, 1994: A Fourier-Riccati approach to radiative transfer. Part II: Computations of spectral reflectance and heating rates in cirrus-like clouds. Presented at the 8th Conference on Atmospheric Radia-tion, American Meteorological Society, Nashville, TN.

46. Tsay, S. C., and M. D. King, 1994: Remote sensing and retrieval of surface bidirec-tional reflectance. Presented at the 8th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, American Meteorological Society, Nashville, TN.

47. Gumley, L. E., M. D. King and S. C. Tsay, 1994: Multi-sensor remote observations of thin cirrus clouds during FIRE Cirrus II. Presented at the 8th Conference on Atmos-pheric Radiation, American Meteorological Society, Nashville, TN.

48. King, M. D., 1994: The application of EOS to studies of atmospheric radiation and climate. Presented at the AMS Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN (invited).

49. King, M. D. S. E. Platnick, L. E. Gumley, S. C. Tsay and G. T. Arnold, 1994: MODIS Airborne Simulator: Status, calibration and Earth remote sensing applica-tions. Presented at the First International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition, Strasbourg, France.

50. Platnick, S. , M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, J. Cooper, L. E. Gumley and S. C. Tsay, 1994: Status and calibration of the MODIS Airborne Simulator for Earth remote sensing applications. European Symposium on Satellite Remote Sensing: Platforms and Systems, Proc. SPIE, 2317, 91–101.

51. Tsay, S. C., M. D. King, S. E. Platnick and M. Wang, 1994: Remote sensing and in-situ measurements of cloud radiative and microphysical properties in ASTEX. Pre-

Michael D. King 24 sented at the Second International Conference on Air-Sea Interaction and Meteorology, and on Oceanography of the Coastal Zone, Lisbon, Portugal.

52. Sellers, P. J., D. L. Williams, C. J. Scolese, J. R. Irons, M. D. King, P. A. Westmeyer and L. L. Thompson, 1995: Earth science, Landsat and the Earth Observing System (EOS). Proc. European Symposium on Satellite Remote Sensing, Paris, France.

53. Platnick, S., P. Abel and M. D. King, 1996: Effect of water vapor absorption on in-tegrating sphere output radiance and consequences for instrument calibration. Proc. Conference on NASA’s Earth Observing System, SPIE, Denver, CO.

54. Arnold, G. T., M. F. Fitzgerald, P. S. Grant, S. E. Platnick, S. C. Tsay, J. S. Myers, M. D. King, R. O. Green and L. Remer, 1996: MODIS Airborne Simulator radio-metric calibration. Proc. Conference on NASA’s Earth Observing System, SPIE, Denver, CO.

55. King, M. D., 1996: Radiative properties of clouds determined from satellites. Pre-sented at the International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, AK (invited).

56. Tsay, S.-C., P. M. Gabriel, M. D. King and G. L. Stephens, 1996: Spectral reflec-tance and atmospheric energetics in cirrus-like clouds. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, AK.

57. Pincus, R., A. Marshak, A. Davis, M. D. King and W. J. Wiscombe, 1996: Diffusion domain retrievals of single scattering albedo inside thick but variable clouds. Pre-sented at the International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, AK.

58. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay, J. Y. Li and S. A. Ackerman, 1996: Radiative properties of smoke and aerosol during SCAR-B. Proc. SCAR-B Symposium, Fortaleza, Brazil, V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff, Ed., Transtec Editorial, 99-103.

59. Tsay, S. C., M. D. King and J. Y. Li, 1996: SCAR-B airborne spectral measure-ments of surface anisotropy. Proc. SCAR-B Symposium, Fortaleza, Brazil, V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff, Ed., Transtec Editorial, 199-203.

60. Li, Y. J., S. C. Tsay, M. D. King and G. T. Arnold, 1996: Radiometric intercompar-isons between MAS and AVIRIS imaging spectrometers during SCAR-B field ex-periment. Proc. SCAR-B Symposium, Fortaleza, Brazil, V. W. J. H. Kirchhoff, Ed., Transtec Editorial, 121-127.

61. King, M. D., 1997: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Presented at the Topical Meeting on the Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Santa Fe, NM (invited).

62. M. D. King, S. C. Tsay and J. Y. Li, 1997: Radiative properties of smoke, clouds, and aerosol over land surfaces in Brazil: Airborne observations. Presented at AGU Spring Meeting, Baltimore, MD.

63. Pincus, R., M. D. King, S. Platnick and S. C. Tsay, 1997: In situ estimates of the ab-sorption of solar radiation by clouds. Presented at AGU Spring Meeting, Baltimore, MD.

64. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay and S. A. Ackerman, 1997: MODIS Airborne Simulator: Radiative properties of smoke and clouds during ARMCAS and SCAR-B. Proc. Third International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen, Den-mark.

65. Soulen, P. F., R. Pincus, S. C. Tsay and M. D. King, 1997: Cloud Absorption Radi-ometer: Airborne measurements of clouds and surface reflectance. Proc. Third Interna-tional Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen, Denmark.

66. Tsay, S. C., M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman and N. F. Larsen, 1997: Sensitivity analysis

Michael D. King 25 of cloud forcing in the Arctic. Presented at the IAMAS/IAPSO Symposium on Radiative Forcing in Climate, Melbourne, Australia.

67. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay and J. Y. Li, 1997: Airborne measurements of surface ani-sotropy. Presented at the International Conference on Earth Observation & Environmental In-formation, Alexandria, Egypt (invited).

68. King, M. D., W. P. Menzel, Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré and B. C. Gao, 1998: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Seattle, WA (invited).

69. King, M. D., 1998: Earth Observing System: Science objectives and challenges. Pre-sented at the SPIE Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Environment, and Space, Beijing, China (invited).

70. King, M. D., 1998: Clouds, radiation, and climate from the Earth Observing Sys-tem. Presented at the 13th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics, Freman-tle, Australia (invited).

71. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré and T. Nakajima, 1999: Remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols from space: Past, present, and future. Presented at the ALPS’99 Conference on Ocean Color, Land Surfaces, Radiation and Clouds, and Aerosols, Mé-ribel, France (invited).

72. Platnick, S., J. Li, M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, G. T. Arnold, M. Gray, P. V. Hobbs and A. Rangno, 1999: Cloud bidirectional reflectance measurements of arctic stratus during FIRE-ACE. Presented at the ALPS’99 Conference on Ocean Color, Land Surfaces, Radiation and Clouds, and Aerosols, Méribel, France.

73. Dubovik, O., B. N. Holben, M. D. King, A. Smirnov, T. F. Eck, S. Kinne and I. Slutsker, 1999: A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical proper-ties from sun and sky-radiance measurements. Presented at the ALPS’99 Conference on Ocean Color, Land Surfaces, Radiation and Clouds, and Aerosols, Méribel, France.

74. King, M. D., and C. J. Scolese, 1999: The Earth Observing System: Status of the first series and early science investigations. Presented at the 37th Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD (invited).

75. King, M. D., 1999: Earth Observing System: Present capabilities and promises for the future. Presented at the AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI (invited).

76. Ou, S. C., K. N. Liou, M. D. King, and S. C. Tsay, 1999: Remote sensing of cirrus cloud parameters based a 0.63-3.7 µm channel radiance correlation technique ap-plied to AVHRR data. Proc. AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI.

77. Rolland, P., K. N. Liou, M. D. King, and S. C. Tsay, 1999: Remote sensing of cirrus optical and microphysical properties using MODIS channels. Proc. AMS 10th Confer-ence on Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI.

78. Soulen, P. F., P. Yang, Y. X. Hu, B. A. Baum and M. D. King, 1999: Retrieving op-tical thickness and effective radius of ice clouds using MODIS: A sensitivity study. Proc. AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI.

79. Ackerman, S. A., C. C. Moeller, W. P. Menzel, J. D. Spinhirne, D. Hall, J. R. Wang, H. E. Revercomb, R. O. Knuteson, E. W. Eloranta, A. W. Nolin and M. D. King, 1999: WINCE: A Winter Cloud Experiment. Proc. AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric

Michael D. King 26 Radiation, Madison, WI.

80. Platnick, S., M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, G. T. Arnold, H. Gerber, P. V. Hobbs and A. Rangno, 1999: A technique for cloud retrievals over snow and ice surfaces with ex-amples from FIRE-ACE. Proc. AMS 10th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI.

81. King, M. D., 1999: NASA’s Earth observations program: Past, present and future. Presented at the Association of Science and Technical Societies of South Africa Annual Meet-ing, Johannesburg, South Africa (keynote black tie lecture).

82. Tsay, S. C., M. D. King and J. Y. Li, 1999: Airborne spectral measurements of sur-face anisotropy. Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Multiangular Measurements and Models, Ispra, Italy.

83. Li, J. Y., S. Platnick, S. C. Tsay, M. D. King and G. T. Arnold, 1999: Application of the Cloud Absorption Radiometer in determining surface BRDF characteristics. Proc. 2nd International Workshop on Multiangular Measurements and Models, Ispra, Italy.

84. King, M. D., and S. Platnick, 1999: Clouds and radiation from the Earth Observing System. Proc. CCSR Symposium & 3rd Aerosol-Cloud Sensing Workshop, Kyoto, Japan.

85. Holben, B. N., O. Dubovik, A. Smirnov, T. Eck, N. Abuhassen, I. Slutsker, W. Newcomb, D. Tanré, Y. Kaufman, N. O’Neill, M. D. King and T. Nakajima, 1999: Aerosol optical properties climatology at selected globally distributed sites from AERONET. Proc. CCSR Symposium & 3rd Aerosol-Cloud Sensing Workshop, Kyoto, Ja-pan.

86. King, M. D., and A. F. Hasler, 2000: NASA’s Earth observation program: Past, pre-sent, and future. Presented at the 28th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environ-ment, Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa (keynote).

87. Platnick, S., M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, S. A. Ackerman, R. A. Frey, and C. J. Tuck-er, 2000: Remote sensing of Namibian marine stratocumulus clouds. Proc. 28th Inter-national Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa.

88. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, Q. Li and G. T. Arnold, 2000: Sensitivity of MODIS 2.1 µm channel for off-nadir view angles for use in remote sensing of aero-sol. Proc. 28th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa.

89. King, M. D., S. Platnick, S. C. Tsay, S. A. Ackerman, M. A. Gray, E. G. Moody, J. Y. Li, and G. T. Arnold,, 2000: New multispectral cloud retrievals from MODIS, Gordon Conference on Solar Radiation and Climate, New London, Connecticut (invited).

90. King, M. D., S. C. Tsay, J. Y. Li, and G. T. Arnold,, 2000: Airborne spectral meas-urements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy. Presented at the Workshop on Remote Sens-ing of Aerosols, Tel Aviv, Israel.

91. King, M. D., C. K. Gatebe, S. C. Tsay, Q. Ji, G. T. Arnold and J. Y. Li, 2000: Sen-sitivity of off-nadir zenith angles to the surface reflectance ratio technique. Presented at the Workshop on Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Tel Aviv, Israel.

92. Platnick, S., S. A. Ackerman, M. D. King, Y. J. Kaufman, B. C. Gao, W. P. Menzel, and D. Tanré, 2000: Early results from the MODIS atmosphere algorithms. Pre-sented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI (invit-ed).

93. Moeller, C. C., D. D. LaPorte, W. P. Menzel, H. S. Revercomb, R. O. Knuteson

Michael D. King 27 and M. D. King, 2000: Comparison of early Terra MODIS emissive band radiances with collocated ER-2 based SHIS and MAS measurements. Presented at the Interna-tional Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI.

94. Dubovik, O., B. N. Holben, T. F. Eck, A. Smirnov, Y. J. Kaufman, M. D. King D. Tanré and I. Slutsker, 2000: Absorption and other optical properties of tropospheric aerosols retrieved from the measurements of ground-based AERONET radiometers. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, St. Petersburg, Russia.

95. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, and Q. Li, 2000: Sensitivity of MODIS 2.1 µm channel for off-nadir view angles for use in remote sensing of aerosols. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, St. Petersburg, Russia.

96. King, M. D., 2000: Remote sensing of smoke, clouds, land & radiation—SAFARI 2000. Presented at the Cabinet Meeting, Republic of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa (invited).

97. King, M. D., 2000: How NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) monitors our world environment. Presented at the U.S. EPA National Environmental Monitoring Tech-nology Conference, Boston, MA (keynote).

98. Esaias, W. E., M. D. King, R. E. Murphy, V. V Salomonson, and C. O. Justice, 2000: Early results from MODIS on EOS Terra. Presented at the Conference on Sen-sors, Systems, and Next Generation Satellites, EOS/SPIE Symposium on Remote Sensing, Barce-lona, Spain (invited).

99. King, M. D., S. Platnick, S. C. Tsay, S. A. Ackerman, M. A. Gray, E. G. Moody, J. Y. Li and G. T. Arnold, 2000: New multispectral cloud retrievals from MODIS. Presented at the Ocean Optics XV Conference, Monte Carlo, Monaco (invited).

100. King, M. D., Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré and T. Nakajima, 2000: Remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols from space: Past, present, and future. Presented at the NARSTO Technical Symposium on Tropospheric Aerosols: Science and Decisions in an Interna-tional Community, Querétaro, Mexico (invited).

101. Platnick, S., S. A. Ackerman, M. D. King, and W. P. Menzel, 2000: Early results from the MODIS cloud algorithms. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA (invited).

102. Platnick, S., G. T. Arnold, M. A. Gray, E. G. Moody, M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, 2000: MODIS retrievals of cloud optical thickness and particle radius during SAFARI. Poster presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

103. Ahmad, S., P., M. D. King, J. V. Koziana, G. G. Leptoukh, and G. N. Serafino, 2001: MODIS atmospheric products for Earth system science studies. Presented at AGU Spring Meeting, Boston, MA.

104. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, Y. J. Kaufman, S. A. Ackerman, D. Tanré and B. C. Gao, 2001: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from MODIS. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sydney, Australia (invited).

105. King, M. D., S. Platnick, S. C. Tsay, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, M. A. Gray, E. G. Moody, J. Y. Li and G. T. Arnold, 2001: New multispectral cloud retrievals from MODIS. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sydney, Australia (invited).

106. Annegarn, H. J., R. J. Swap, R. J. Scholes, M. D. King and R. Harris, 2001: SAFARI 2000 regional science initiative validation of NASA’s Terra over southern

Michael D. King 28 Africa. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sydney, Australia (invited).

107. Platnick, S., M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, B. Baum, and R. Pincus, 2001: Multispectral cloud retrievals from MODIS. Presented at the International Asso-ciation of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 2001 Congress, Innsbruck, Austria (invited).

108. Swap, R. J., J. T. Suttles, H. J. Annegarn, M. D. King, P. V. Hobbs, S. J. Piketh, S. Platnick, C. Moeller and R. Bruintjes, 2001: Smoke and mirrors over Africa: Air-borne validation of Terra during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign. Presented at the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 2001 Congress, Inns-bruck, Austria.

109. Platnick, S., M. D. King, W. P. Menzel, Y. J. Kaufman, S. A. Ackerman, D. Tanré and B. C. Gao, 2001: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from MODIS. Presented at the Global Change Open Science Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

110. Platnick, S., M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, M. Gray, E. Moody, J. Li, and S. A. Acker-man, 2001: Satellite and airborne retrievals of cloud properties during SAFARI. Presented at the Global Change Open Science Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

111. King, M. D., S. Platnick, D. A. Chu and E. G. Moody, 2001: Remote Sensing of cloud, aerosol, and land properties from MODIS: Applications to the East Asia re-gion. Presented at the 3rd International Workshop on Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interaction, Chongqing, China.

112. Dubovik, O., B. N. Holben, Y. J. Kaufman, T. F. Eck, A. Smirnov, M. D. King, D. Tanré and I. Slutsker, 2001: Absorption of key aerosol types observed in worldwide locations. Presented at the Chapman Conference on Atmospheric Absorption of Solar Radia-tion, Estes Park, CO.

113. King, M. D., and S. Platnick, 2001: Overview of NASA ER-2 operations during SAFARI 2000. Presented at the SAFARI 2000 Science Team Meeting, 28-31 August 2002, Siavonga, Zambia (invited).

114. Annegarn, H. J., R. J. Swap, J. T. Suttles, J. L. Privette, M. D. King, S. J. Piketh, P. V. Hobbs, S. Platnick, A. Queface, T. Freiman, B. N. Holben, S. C. Tsay, J. D. Spinhirne, S. L. Nasiri, P. B. Russell, R. A. Kahn, Y. J. Kaufman and L. A. Remer, 2001: Ground, airborne and satellite observations of the “River of Smoke” biomass burning plume over southern Africa during SAFARI 2000. Presented at the Confer-ence on Regional Haze and Global Radiation Balance—Aerosols, Measurements and Models: Clo-sure, Reconciliation and Evaluation, Bend, OR.

115. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, Y. J. Kaufman, S. Ackerman, D. Tanré and B. C. Gao, 2001: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from MODIS. Presented at the AMS 11th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Madison, WI (invited).

116. Platnick, S., M. D. King, P. V. Hobbs, S. Osborne, S. Piketh and R. Bruintjes, 2001: Clouds and radiation studies during SAFARI 2000. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA (invited).

117. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, G. T. Arnold and J. Y. Li, 2001: Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy for several surfaces and ecosystems over southern Africa. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

118. Ahmad, S. P., M. D. King, J. V. Koziana, G. G. Leptoukh, G. N. Serafino, and A.

Michael D. King 29 K. Sharma, 2002: MODIS cloud, aerosol, and water vapor products for climate and global change studies. Presented at 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Varia-tions, Orlando, FL, 135–139.

119. King, M. D., 2002: Remote sensing of atmosphere, land, and ocean properties from Terra. Presented at the 40th Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD (invited).

120. King, M. D., and C. J. Tucker, 2002: A perspective of our planet’s atmosphere, land, and oceans: A view from space. Presented at the 29th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Buenos Aires, Argentina (keynote).

121. Platnick, S., M. D. King, E. G. Moody, M. A. Gray and G. T. Arnold, 2002: Global remote sensing of cloud properties from MODIS and the Peruvian marine stratocu-mulus regime. Proc. 29th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

122. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S. Platnick, and C. Schaaf, 2002: A global white-sky sur-face albedo data set derived from Terra MODIS data. Proc. 29th International Symposi-um on Remote Sensing of Environment, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

123. Li, Z., M. D. King, S. C. Tsay, B. N. Holben and Y. J. Kaufman, 2002: East Asia source region aerosols (EASRA): A Potential ideal testbed for studying the direct and indirect climate effects of natural and anthropogenic aerosols. Proc. 11th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Ogden, UT.

124. Gatebe, C. K.., M. D. King and G. T. Arnold, 2002: Airborne multispectral meas-urements of bidirectional reflectance distribution using the Cloud Absorption Radi-ometer. Proc. 3rd International Workshop on Multiangular Measurements and Models, Steam-boat Springs, CO.

125. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, and G. T. Arnold, 2002: Airborne spectral measure-ments of ocean anisotropy during CLAMS. Presented at AGU Spring Meeting, Wash-ington, DC.

126. King, M. D., S. Platnick, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, M. A. Gray and E. G. Moody, 2002: Multispectral cloud retrievals from MODIS on Terra and Aqua. Pre-sented at the SPIE Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Environment, and Space, Hangzhou, China (invited).

127. Platnick, S., M. D. King, M. Gray, G. Moody, P. V. Hobbs, S. Osborne, S. Piketh and R. Swap, 2002: Satellite and aircraft cloud remote sensing validation studies during SAFARI 2000. Presented at the SPIE Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Atmos-phere, Environment, and Space, Hangzhou, China (invited).

128. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S. Platnick, and C. B. Schaaf, 2002: A white-sky surface albedo data set derived from Terra MODIS data. Presented at the SPIE Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Environment, and Space, Hangzhou, China.

129. King, M. D., S. Platnick, and E. G. Moody, 2002: Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and land properties from MOIDS: Applications to the East Asia region. Presented at the GAME-T Workshop on Hydrometeorological Studies, Chiang Rai, Thailand.

130. King, M. D., S. Platnick, J. C. Riedi, S. A. Ackerman, and W. P. Menzel, 2003: MODIS cloud products derived from Terra and Aqua during CRYSTAL-FACE. Presented at the EGS-AGU-EGU Joint Assembly, Nice, France.

131. Platnick, S., M. D. King, J. C. Riedi, S. A. Ackerman, G. T. Arnold and M. A. Gray, 2003: MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) retrievals of cloud thermodynamic phase, optical thickness, and particle size during CRYSTAL-FACE. Presented at the

Michael D. King 30 EGS-AGU-EGU Joint Assembly, Nice, France.

132. King, M. D., R. B. Simmon, and D. D. Herring, 2003: NASA’s Earth Observatory and Visible Earth: Imagery and science on the Internet. Presented at the ASPRS An-nual Convention, Anchorage, AK (invited).

133. Salomonson, V. V., and M. D. King, 2003: NASA’s Overview of the EOS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Presented at the ASPRS Annual Convention, Anchorage, AK.

134. King, M. D., S. Platnick, S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, J. C. Riedi, and B. A. Baum, 2003: Global multispectral cloud retrievals from MODIS. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Toulouse, France (invited).

135. Dubovik, O., C. K. Gatebe, A. Sinyuk, E. F. Vermote, M. D. King, and B. N. Hol-ben, 2003: Aerosol and surface retrieval from a combination of up-looking and down-looking observations. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Toulouse, France.

136. Tsay, S. C., N. C. Hsu, M. D. King, and W. Y. Sun, 2003: Biomass-burning aerosols in south east-Asia: Smoke impact assessment (BASE-ASIA). Presented at the Asian-Pacific Radiation Symposium Geoscience, Xian, China.

137. King, M. D., 2003: Earth Observing System: Global observations to study the Earth’s environment. Presented at the Regional Policy Dialogue on Air Pollution and its likely Transboundary Effects in Southern Africa, Maputo, Mozambique.

138. King, M. D., 2003: Promise and capability of NASA’s Earth Observing System to monitor human-induced climate variations. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA (invited).

139. Hubanks, P. A., S. Platnick, M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, and R. A. Frey, 2003: Ex-ample MODIS global cloud optical and microphysical properties: Comparisons be-tween Terra and Aqua. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

140. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S. Platnick, A. H. Strahler, C. B. Schaaf, and F. Gao, 2003: Spatially complete surface albedo data sets: Value-added products derived from Terra MODIS land products. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

141. Herman R. L., A. J. Heymsfield, J. K. Roskovensky, K. N. Liou, R. Miake-Lye, M. D. King, M. J. McGill, and T. P. Bui, 2003: Ice nucleation in low-temperature air-craft contrails during CRYSTAL-FACE. Presented at AGU Fall Meeting, San Fran-cisco, CA.

142. Jin, M., J. M. Shepherd, and M. D. King, 2004: Observed variations of urban aero-sol and its impacts on clouds and rainfall—A case study over New York and Hou-ston. Presented at the 13th World Clean Air and Environmental Protection Meeting, London, UK.

143. King, M. D., 2004: Clouds and aerosols in the climate system. Presented at the Inter-national Radiation Symposium, Busan, Korea (keynote).

144. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S. Platnick, C. B. Schaaf, and F. Gao, 2004: Spatially complete surface albedo data sets: Value-added products derived from Terra MODIS land products. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Busan, Ko-rea.

145. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, A. Lyapustin, G. T. Arnold, and J. Redemann, 2004: Airborne spectral measurements of ocean directional reflectance. Presented at the

Michael D. King 31 International Radiation Symposium, Busan, Korea.

146. Tsay, S. C., N. C. Hsu, M. D. King, J. R. Herman, and Y. J. Kaufman, 2004: Char-acterization of Asian dust properties near source region during ACE-Asia. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Busan, Korea.

147. King, M. D., S. Platnick, L. A. Remer, and Y. J. Kaufman, 2004: Spatial and tem-poral distribution of tropospheric clouds and aerosols observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the 8th International Global Atmospheric Chem-istry Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand.

148. Tsay, S. C., N. C. Hsu, M. D. King, and W. Y. Sun, 2004: Biomass-burning aerosols in southeast-Asia: Smoke impact assessment (BASE-ASIA). Presented at 8th Interna-tional Global Atmospheric Chemistry Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand.

149. Hsu, N. C., Tsay, S. C., M. D. King, and J. R. Herman, 2004: Global retrieval of aerosol properties over desert and semi-desert regions from SeaWiFS and MODIS. Presented at 8th International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand.

150. Platnick, S., R. Pincus, B. Wind, and M. D. King, 2004: Evaluating the uncertainty in reflectance-based retrievals of cloud optical thickness and particle size. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Anchorage, AK.

151. King, M. D., 2004: NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS): Observing the atmos-phere, land, oceans, and ice from space. Presented at the AMS 13th Conference on Satel-lite Meteorology and Oceanography, Norfolk, VA (invited).

152. King, M. D., S. Platnick, M. A. Gray, and P. A. Hubanks, 2004: Temporal and spa-tial distribution of liquid water and ice clouds observed by MODIS onboard the Ter-ra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the SPIE 4th Symposium on Remote Sensing of the At-mosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, Honolulu, HI.

153. Platnick, S., R. Pincus, B. Wind, M. D. King, M. Gray, and P. Hubanks, 2004: An initial analysis of the pixel-level uncertainties in global MODIS cloud optical thick-ness and effective particle size retrievals. Passive Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds IV, S. C. Tsay, T. Yokota, and M. H Ahn, Eds., Proc. SPIE, 5652, 30–40.

154. Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S. Platnick, and C. B. Schaaf, 2004: Spectral surface al-bedo of snow as a function of ecosystem derived from Terra/MODIS data. Present-ed at the Workshop on EOS Snow and Ice Products, Greenbelt, MD.

155. King, M. D., E. G. Moody, S. Platnick, and C. B. Schaaf, 2004: Spatially complete global surface albedos derived from Terra/MODIS data. Presented at the AMS 19th Conference of Hydrology and 16th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, AMS Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.

156. King, M. D., and S. Platnick, 2005: Spatial and temporal distribution of tropospher-ic clouds observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the Topical Meeting on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy/Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment, Alexandria, VA (invited).

157. Platnick, S., R. Pincus, B. Wind, and M. D. King, 2005: A methodology for assessing pixel-level uncertainties in global MODIS cloud optical thickness and microphysical retrievals. Presented at the Topical Meeting on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy/Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment, Alexandria, VA (invited).

158. King, M. D., 2005: The evolution of aerosol passive remote sensing techniques. Pre-sented at the IEEE Workshop on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols: An Honorary Work-

Michael D. King 32 shop for Prof. John A. Reagan, University of Arizona, Tucson (keynote).

159. Abdou, W., M. Helmlinger, V. M. Jovaovic, J. V. Martonchik, D. J. Diner, C. K. Gatebe, and M. D. King, 2005: MISR BRF measurements for various surface types: Intercomparison with coincident airborne and ground measurements. Presented at AGU Spring Meeting, New Orleans, LA.

160. Jin, M., and M. D. King, 2005: Observed land impacts on clouds, water vapor, and rainfall at continental scales. Presented at 5th International Scientific Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle, Irvine, CA.

161. King, M. D., 2005: NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS): CIMSS role in observ-ing the atmosphere from space and aircraft. Presented at the Satellite Meteorology: Past, Present & Future Symposium in Celebration of CIMSS Silver Anniversary, Madison, WI (invit-ed).

162. Menzel, W. P., M. D. King, and S. Platnick, 2005: Spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric clouds and aerosols as observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Seoul, South Korea (invited).

163. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, O. Dubovik, A. Sinyuk, G. Wind, G. T. Arnold, and P. B. Russell, 2005: Characterization of aerosol and surface optical properties from air-borne spectral measurements of directional reflectance. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Seoul, South Korea.

164. King, M. D., 2005: Clouds, aerosols, and atmospheric composition from satellites. Presented at the 2005 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Dubrovnik, Croa-tia (keynote).

165. Tsay, S. C., K. M. Lau, B. N. Holben, N. C. Hsu, M. D. King, L. A Remer, M. K. Kim, and P. K. Bhartia, 2005: Radiation, aerosol joint observations—Monsoon ex-periment in Gangetic-Himalayan Area (Rajo-Megha). Presented at the 4th Asian Aero-sol Conference, Mumbai, India.

166. Gatebe, C. K., and M. D. King, 2005: Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy for several surfaces and ecosystems. Presented at the 9th Inter-national Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signature in Remote Sensing, Beijing, PRC.

167. King, M. D., E. G. Moody, C. B. Schaaf, and S. Platnick 2006: Spatially complete global surface albedos derived from Terra/MODIS data. Presented at the 2nd Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility Workshop, Institute of Meteorology, Lisbon, Portugal (invited).

168. Gatebe, C. K., G. T. Georgiev, J. J. Butler, and M. D. King, 2006: Insights from la-boratory and airborne BRDF measurements for satellite remote sensing. Presented at the 4th International Workshop on Multiangular Measurements and Models (IWMMM-4), Sydney, Australia.

169. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, and G. T. Arnold, 2006: Airborne spectral and angular measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy for several surfaces and ecosystems. Presented at the 4th International Workshop on Multiangular Measurements and Models (IWMMM-4), Sydney, Australia.

170. King, M. D., S. Platnick, P. Hubanks, and R. Pincus, 2006: Spatial and temporal distribution of cloud properties observed by MODIS: Preliminary level-3 results from collection 5 reprocessing. Presented at the AMS 12th Conference on Atmospheric Ra-diation, Madison, WI.

Michael D. King 33 171. Platnick, S., M. D. King, J. Riedi, G. T. Arnold, B. Wind, G. Wind, and P. Hu-

banks, 2006: The operational MODIS cloud optical and microphysical retrieval product: Overview of the collection 5 processing algorithm and preliminary level-2 results. Presented at the AMS 12th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI.

172. Yang, P., G. Hong, B. C. Gao, B. Baum, M. King, and S. Platnick, 2006: Analysis of three years of ice cloud properties over the tropics from MODIS. Presented at the AMS 12th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI.

173. Yang, P., G. Hong, B. C. Gao, B. Baum, M. King, and S. Platnick, 2006: Micro-physical properties and radiative forcing of tropical ice clouds based on MODIS measurements and model simulations. Presented at the AGU Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting, Beijing, China.

174. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, and S. A. Ackerman, 2006: Spatial and temporal distribution of clouds as observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Denver, CO (invited).

175. Georgiev, G. T., C. K. Gatebe, J. J. Butler, and M. D. King, 2006: Comparison be-tween laboratory and airborne BRDF measurements for remote sensing. Earth Ob-serving System XI, J. J. Butler, and J. Xiong, Eds., Proc. SPIE, 6296, 629603, San Die-go, CA.

176. King, M. D., 2006: The evolution of remote sensing techniques for the characteriza-tion of atmospheric aerosol particles. Presented at the Workshop on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols: An Honorary Workshop for Prof. Benjamin M. Herman, University of Arizona, Tucson (keynote).

177. Russell, P., J. Redemann, J. Livingston, B. Cairns, C. Gatebe, O. Torres, M. King, P. Pilewskie, S. Schmidt, R. Dominguez, W. Gore, R. Kahn, C. Hostettler, J. Hair, R. Ferrare, E. Browell, and A. Clarke, 2006: An overview of the J-31 in INTEX-MILAGRO: Goals, operations, sample results, and opportunities for collaboration. Presented at the 1st MILAGRO Science Team, Boulder, CO.

178. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, J. J. Cumbane, and G. Wind, 2006: Air-borne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisotropy over different surfac-es in Mexico. Presented at the 1st MILAGRO Science Team, Boulder, CO.

179. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, S. A. Ackerman, and P. A. Hubanks, 2006: Spatial and temporal distribution of clouds as observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the SPIE 5th Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Sympo-sium, Goa, India.

180. King, M. D., 2006: The role of aerosols in cloud growth, suppression, and precipita-tion: Yoram Kaufman and his contributions. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA (invited).

181. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, S. A. Ackerman, and L. A. Remer, 2006: Spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric clouds and aerosols observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

182. Platnick, S., and M. D. King, 2007: Update on the MODIS collection 5 processing cloud optical and microphysical algorithm and product validation. Presented at the Topical Meeting on Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment, Santa Fe, NM (in-vited).

Michael D. King 34 183. Baum, B. A., R. Holz, A. Huang, Y. K. Lee, P. Yang, S. L. Nasiri, M. D. King, and

S. Platnick, 2007: Inference and validation of cloud phase from MODIS, AIRS and CALIPSO data. Presented at the Topical Meeting on Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment, Santa Fe, NM.

184. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, A. Lyapustin, J. Redemann, P. B. Russell, and B. Holben, 2007: Airborne spectral measurements of surface-atmosphere anisot-ropy over different surfaces in Mexico. Presented at the AGU Spring Meeting, Acapul-co, Mexico.

185. Russell, P., J. Redemann, J. Livingston, B. Cairns, C. Gatebe, M. King, P. Pilewskie, R. Dominguez, W. Gore, R. Kahn, C. Hostetler, and A. Clarke, 2007: An overview of J-31 aircraft measurements in the Megacity Initiative—Local and Global Re-search Observations (MILAAGRO) experiment. Presented at the AGU Spring Meet-ing, Acapulco, Mexico.

186. Russell, P., J. Redemann, J. Livingston, B. Cairns, C. Gatebe, M. King, P. Pilewskie, R. Dominguez, W. Gore, R. Kahn, C. Hostetler, and A. Clarke, 2007: An overview of J-31 aircraft measurements in the Megacity Initiative—Local and global research observations (MILAGRO) experiment. Presented at the EGU General Assembly, Vien-na, Austria.

187. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, and S. A. Ackerman, 2007: Spatial and temporal distribution of clouds as observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the IUGG XXIV General Assembly, Perugia, Italy.

188. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, J. W. Cooper, and J. J. Butler, 2007: Laboratory charac-terization of scanning radiometers. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Barcelona, Spain.

189. Georgiev G. T., C. K. Gatebe, J. J. Butler, and M. D. King, 2007: BRDF calibration of natural samples in support of remote sensing. Presented at the International Geosci-ence and Remote Sensing Symposium, Barcelona, Spain.

190. Platnick, S., G. Wind, M. D. King, R. Holz, and S. A. Ackerman, 2007: Multilayer cloud detection in the MODIS collection 5 cloud product and comparison with CALIPSO. Presented at the Symposium on Bringing Together A-Train Observations and Modeling to Understand Aerosols and Clouds, Lille, France.

191. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, and S. A. Ackerman, 2007: Spatial and temporal distribution of clouds as observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the Symposium on Bringing Together A-Train Observations and Model-ing to Understand Aerosols and Clouds, Lille, France.

192. King, M. D., S. Platnick, G. Wind, G. T. Arnold, S. A. Ackerman, and R. A. Frey, 2007: Remote sensing of the radiative and microphysical properties of clouds during TC4: Results from MAS, MASTER, MODIS, and MISR. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

193. Schmidt, K. S., P. Pilewskie, M. D. King, G. Wind, A. Bansemer, and B. Kindel, 2007: Measured and modeled solar spectral irradiance and absorption for TC4 ice and water cloud scenes. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

194. King, M. D., 2008: NASA’s Earth observations of the global environment: Our changing planet and the view from space. Presented at the SORCE Past, Present, and Future Role in Earth Science Research Meeting, Santa Fe, NM.

195. Wind, G., S. Platnick, and M. D. King, 2008: Multilayer cloud detection using

Michael D. King 35 MODIS: Validation via forward modeling. Presented at the AGU Spring Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL.

196. Georgiev G. T., C. K. Gatebe, J. J. Butler, and M. D. King, 2008: Laboratory-based BRDF of soil samples. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Sympo-sium, Boston, MA.

197. Zhang, Q., C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, M. King, E. Moody, R. Dickinson, J. L. Roujean, and F. M. Bréon, 2008: Global statistics retrieved from the gap-filled MODIS BRDF products for major IGBP vegetation classes. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Boston, MA.

198. King, M. D., S. Platnick, G. Wind, G. T. Arnold, and E. J. Jensen, 2008: Remote sensing of the radiative and microphysical properties of clouds during TC4: Results from MAS, MASTER, MODIS, and MISR. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.

199. Gatebe, C. K., M. D. King, O. Dubovik, A. Sinyuk, G. T. Arnold, G. Wind, J. Re-demann, and P. B. Russell, 2008: Characterization of aerosol and surface optical properties from airborne spectral measurements of directional reflectance. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.

200. Platnick, S., M. D. King, G. Wind, R. E. Holz, S. A. Ackerman, and F. W. Nagle, 2008: Comparison of the MODIS collection 5 multilayer cloud detection and ther-modynamic phase products with CALIPSO and CloudSat. Presented at the Interna-tional Radiation Symposium, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.

201. Kuji, M., S. Platnick, M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, G. Wind, M. McGill, W. Hart, D. Hlavka, and R. E. Holz, 2008: Comparison of cloud top altitudes from passive and active remote sensors onboard ER-2 during TC4. Presented at the International Radia-tion Symposium, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.

202. Schaaf, C. B., A. H. Strahler, M. O. Román III, Q. Zhang, Z. Jiao, Y. Shuai, M. King, E. Moody, and C. Gatebe, 2008: MODIS albedo and reflectance anisotropy climate data records. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil.

203. Platnick, S., M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, and G. Wind, 2008: Overview of the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) instrument and cloud products during CLASIC/CHAPS. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

204. Platnick, S., P. A. Hubanks, G. Wind, M. D. King, S. A. Ackerman, B. Maddux, T. Zinner, and A. Ackerman, 2009: The MODIS cloud optical and microphysical product: An evaluation of retrieval statistics and model simulations. Presented at the Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment, Vancouver, Canada (invited).

205. Gatebe, C. K., and M. D. King, 2009: Characterization of aerosols and bidirectional reflectance distribution function from airborne radiation measurements over snow, sea ice, tundra, and clouds. Presented at the 33rd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Stresa, Italy.

206. Schmidt S., P. Pilewskie, M. D. King, G. Wind, L. Tian, S. Platnick, and T. Arnold, 2009: Apparent absorption of solar radiation in heterogeneous tropical cirrus clouds. Presented at the EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.

207. King, M. D., 2009: Spatial and temporal distribution of clouds observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the Climate, Statistics, and Satel-lites, A Symposium in honor of Gerald North, Texas A&M University, College Station (in-

Michael D. King 36 vited).

208. King, M. D., 2009: Aerosols, clouds, and climate. Presented at the NASA Earth System Science at 20: Accomplishments, Plans, and Challenges Symposium, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (invited).

209. King, M. D., and S. Platnick, 2009: Ten years of cloud microphysics measurements from MODIS. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa (invited).

210. Hsu, N. C., L. A. Remer, R. C. Levy, S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and B. N. Holben, 2009: Ten years of aerosol climate data records from MODIS over land and ocean: Source, pathway, and trend. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa (invited).

211. Platnick, S., M. D. King, P. Hubanks, G. Wind, and G. T. Arnold, 2009: Optical and microphysical retrievals of marine stratocumulus clouds off the coast of Namibia from satellite and aircraft. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa (invited).

212. Cumbane, J. J., C. K. Gatebe, M. D. King, and H. J. Annegarn, 2009: Exploring radiance vertical profiles to investigate atmospheric aerosol stratification by combin-ing measurements and modeling. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa (invited).

213. Schmidt S., P. Pilewskie, M. D. King, G. Wind, L. Tian, S. Platnick, and T. Arnold, 2009: Apparent absorption of solar radiation in heterogeneous tropical cirrus clouds. Presented at the IAMAS General Assembly, Montréal, Canada.

214. King, M. D., 2009: Aerosol optical and microphysical properties: The view from Terra and Aqua. Presented at the Second International Conference of Aerosol Science and Global Change, Hangzhou, China (invited).

215. King, M. D., C. O. Justice, S. Platnick, and C. R. McClain, 2009: Ten years of Earth observations from MODIS: What has been accomplished? Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

216. Platnick, S., M. D. King, G. Wind, P. Hubanks, G. T. Arnold, and N. Amarasinghe, 2009: Ten years of cloud optical and microphysical retrievals from MODIS. Pre-sented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

217. Gatebe, C. K., and M. D. King, 2009: Characterization of aerosols and bidirectional reflectance distribution function from airborne radiation measurements over snow, sea ice, tundra, and clouds. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

218. Lyapustin, A., C. K. Gatebe, R. Kahn, R. Brandt, J. Redemann, P. Russell, M. D. King, C. A. Pedersen, S. Gerland, R. Poudyal, A. Marshak, Y. Wang, C. Schaaf, D. Hall, and A. Kokhanovsky, 2009: Analysis of snow bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) from the Spring-2008 ARCTAS campaign. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

219. King, M. D., S. Platnick, C. O. Justice, and C. R. McClain, 2010: Ten years of Earth observations from MODIS: What has been accomplished? Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI (invited).

220. Platnick, S., M. D. King, P. Hubanks, S. A. Ackerman, and W. P. Menzel, 2010: Ten years of cloud products from MODIS Terra: Trend analysis. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI (invited).

221. Imhoff, M. L., N. G. Loeb, D. J. Diner, M. D. King, J. R. Drummond, J. C. Gille,

Michael D. King 37 M. J. Abrams, R. E. Wolfe, and S. C. Tsay, 2010: Emerging implications of a ten-year Terra data record for Earth science. Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI (invited).

222. Román, M., C. K. Gatebe, C. B. Schaaf, and M. D. King, 2010: Characterization of surface directional reflectance properties over the US Southern Great Plains from airborne measurements and surface observations. Presented at the International Geosci-ence and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI.

223. Georgiev, G. T., K. Thome, K. J. Ranson, M. D. King, and J. J. Butler, 2010: The effect of incident light polarization on vegetation bidirectional reflectance factor. Proc. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Honolulu, HI, 3636, 1652-1655.

224. Eichler, H., K. S. Schmidt, R. Buras, M. Wendisch, B. Mayer, C. Emde, P. , M. King, S. Platnick, and G. Heymsfield, 2010: Effects of cirrus spatial heterogeneity and ice particle shape on remote sensing of cirrus optical thickness and effective crys-tal radius – A case study. Presented at the EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.

225. Eichler, H., K. S. Schmidt, R. Buras, M. Wendisch, B. Mayer, C. Emde, P. Pilewskie, M. D. King, L. Tian, G. Heymsfield, and S. Platnick, 2010: Cirrus spatial heterogeneity and ice crystal shape: Effects on remote sensing of cirrus optical thick-ness and effective crystal radius. Presented at the AMS 13th Conference on Atmospheric Radiation, Portland, OR.

226. King, M. D., 2010: The remote sensing of cloud optical properties: Teruyuki Nakajima and his contributions. Presented at the Radiation, Clouds, Aerosols, and Cli-mate Symposium, Sendai, Japan (invited).

227. King, M. D., S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, S. A. Ackerman, and P. A. Hubanks, 2010: Spatial and temporal distribution of clouds as observed by MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Presented at the International Symposium on the A-Train Satel-lite Constellation, New Orleans, LA.

228. Georgiev, G. T., J. J. Butler, K. J. Thome, K. J. Ranson, and M. D. King, 2011: As-sessment of multiangular polarization contribution to the bidirectional reflectance of natural samples. Proc. International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vancouver, Canada.

229. King, M. D., 2011: Advances in the remote sensing of cloud optical properties. Pre-sented at the Workshop on Observations and Modeling of Aerosol and Cloud Properties for Cli-mate Studies, Paris, France (invited).

230. Platnick, S., M. King, G. Wind, N. Amarasinghe, P. Hubanks, Z. Zhang, B. Marchant, T. Arnold, S. Ackerman, B. Maddux, B. Baum, R. Pincus, and J. Riedi, 2011: Overview of the MODIS collection 6 optical property algorithm. Proc. Third Cloud Parameter Retrieval Workshop, Madison, WI.

231. King, M. D., S. Platnick, S. W. Running, and B. A. Franz, 2012: Ten years of Earth observations from MODIS on Aqua: What has been accomplished? Presented at the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Munich, Germany (invited).

232. King, M. D, 2012: Remote sensing of the Earth’s environment from Space: Past, present, and future. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Berlin, Germa-ny (invited).

233. Platnick, S., M. D. King, G. Wind, N. Amarasinghe, B. Marchant, and G. T. Ar-nold, 2012: The operational MODIS cloud optical and microphysical property

Michael D. King 38 product: Overview of the collection 6 algorithm and preliminary results. Presented at the International Radiation Symposium, Berlin, Germany (invited).

234. Platnick, S., G. Wind, Z. Zhang, H. M. Cho, G. T. Arnold, M. D. King, S. Acker-man, and B. Maddux, 2012: Sensitivity of marine warm cloud retrieval statistics to algorithm choices: Examples from the MODIS collection 6 development code. Pre-sented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

235. Platnick, S., S. A. Ackerman, M. D. King, Z. Zhang, and G. Wind, 2013: Sensitivity of cloud retrieval statistics to algorithm choices: Lessons learned from MODIS prod-uct development. Presented at the EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria (invited).

236. Platnick, S., G. Wind, Z. Zhang, M. D. King, G. T. Arnold, S. A. Ackerman, and R. Holz, 2013: Understanding MODIS cloud optical and microphysical retrievals: A story of sensitivities to algorithm choices. Presented at the Gordon Conference on Radia-tion and Climate, Colby-Sawyer College, NH (invited).

237. Platnick, S., G. Wind, N. Amarasinghe, G. T. Arnold, Z. Zhang, K. Meyer, and M. D. King, 2013: Uncertainty of passive imager cloud retrievals to instrument radi-ometry and model assumptions: Examples from MODIS Collection 6. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.