curriculum for the batch 2017 2019 department … · mlce05 optical communication and networking 3...

CURRICULUM

for the batch 2017 – 2019

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION

M. TECH (DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION)

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)

BANGALORE – 54

I – IV Semester

2

About the Institute

Ramaiah Institute of Technology (RIT) (formerly known as M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology) is a self-

financing institution established in Bangalore in the year 1962 by the industrialist and philanthropist, Late Dr.

M S Ramaiah. The institute is accredited with A grade by NAAC in 2016 and all engineering departments

offering bachelor degree programs have been accredited by NBA. RIT is one of the few institutes with faculty

student ratio of 1:15 and achieves excellent academic results. The institute is a participant of the Technical

Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP), an initiative of the Government of India. All the

departments are full with competent faculty, with 100% of them being postgraduates or doctorates. Some of

the distinguished features of RIT are: State of the art laboratories, individual computing facility to all faculty

members. All research departments are active with sponsored projects and more than 130 scholars are

pursuing PhD. The Centre for Advanced Training and Continuing Education (CATCE), and Entrepreneurship

Development Cell (EDC) have been set up on campus. RIT has a strong Placement and Training department

with a committed team, a fully equipped Sports department, large air-conditioned library with over 80,000

books with subscription to more than 300 International and National Journals. The Digital Library subscribes

to several online e-journals like IEEE, JET etc. RIT is a member of DELNET, and AICTE INDEST

Consortium. RIT has a modern auditorium, several hi-tech conference halls, all air-conditioned with video

conferencing facilities. It has excellent hostel facilities for boys and girls. RIT Alumni have distinguished

themselves by occupying high positions in India and abroad and are in touch with the institute through an

active Alumni Association. RIT obtained Academic Autonomy for all its UG and PG programs in the year

2007.As per the National Institutional Ranking Framework, MHRD, Government of India, Ramaiah Institute

of Technology has achieved 45th

rank in 2017 among the top 100 engineering colleges across India and

occupied No. 1 position in Karnataka, among the colleges affiliated to VTU, Belagavi.

About the Department

The Department of Electronics and Communication was started in 1975 and has grown over the years in terms

of stature and infrastructure. The department has well equipped simulation and electronic laboratories and is

recognized as a research center under VTU. The department currently offers a B. E. program with an intake of

120, and two M. Tech programs, one in Digital Electronics and Communication, and one in VLSI Design and

Embedded Systems, with intakes of 30 and 18 respectively. The department has a Center of Excellence in

Food Technologies sponsored by VGST, Government of Karnataka. The department is equipped with

numerous UG and PG labs, along with R & D facilities. Past and current research sponsoring agencies include

DST, VTU, VGST and AICTE with funding amount worth Rs. 1 crore. The department has modern research

ambitions to develop innovative solutions and products and to pursue various research activities focused

towards national development in various advanced fields such as Signal Processing, Embedded Systems,

Cognitive Sensors and RF Technology, Software Development and Mobile Technology.

3

Vision of the Institute

To evolve into an autonomous institution of international standing for imparting quality

technical education

Mission of the Institute

MSRIT shall deliver global quality technical education by nurturing a conducive learning

environment for a better tomorrow through continuous improvement and customization

Quality Policy

We at M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology strive to deliver comprehensive, continually

enhanced, global quality technical and management education through an established Quality

Management System complemented by the synergistic interaction of the stake holders concerned

Vision of the Department

To be, and be recognized as, an excellent Department in Electronics& Communication

Engineering that provides a great learning experience and to be a part of an outstanding

community with admirable environment.

Mission of the Department

To provide a student centered learning environment which emphasizes close faculty-student

interaction and co-operative education.

To prepare graduates who excel in the engineering profession, qualified to pursue advanced

degrees, and possess the technical knowledge, critical thinking skills, creativity, and ethical

values.

To train the graduates for attaining leadership in developing and applying technology for the

betterment of society and sustaining the world environment

4

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

PEO1: Be successful practicing professionals or pursue doctoral studies in areas related to the

program, contributing significantly to research and development activities.

PEO2: Engage in professional development in their chosen area by adapting to new technology and

career challenges.

PEO3: Demonstrate professional, ethical, and social responsibilities of the engineering profession.

Program Outcomes (POs)

PO1: Development of Solutions: An ability to independently carry out research/investigation and

development work to solve practical problems

PO2: Technical Presentation Skills: An ability to write and present a substantial technical

report/document

PO3: Analyze Complex Systems: A practical ability and theoretical knowledge to design and analyze

complex electronics based and/or communication systems

PO4: Develop Novel Designs: An ability to apply their in-depth knowledge in electronics and

communications domain to evaluate, analyze and synthesize existing and novel designs

PO5: Team Work and Project Management: An ability to effectively participate as a team member

and develop project management skills necessary for a professional environment

CURRICULUM COURSE CREDITS DISTRIBUTION

Semester Professional

Courses -

Core (Theory

& Lab)

(PC-C)

Professional

Courses -

Electives

(PC-E)

Technical

Seminar

(TS)

Project

Work/

Internship

(PW/IN)

Total

Credits in a

Semester

First 16 08 01 25

Second 16 08 01 25

Third 04 04 01 16 25

Fourth 25 25

Total 36 20 03 41 100

SCHEME OF TEACHING

I SEMESTER

SI. No.

Course Code

Course Title Category Credits Contact

Hours L T P S Total

1. MLC11 Advanced Engineering Mathematics PC-C 3 1 0 0 4 5

2. MLC12 Probability and Random Processes PC-C 3 1 0 0 4 5

3. MLC13 Antenna Theory and Design PC-C 3 0 0 1 4 5

4. MLCExx Elective 1 PC-E 4 0 0 0 4 4


6. MLCL14 Digital System Design Laboratory PC-C 0 0 2 0 2 4

7. MLCL15 Antennas Laboratory PC-C 0 0 2 0 2 4

8. MLC16 Technical Seminar 1 TS 0 0 1 0 1 2

Total 16 2 5 2 25 36

II SEMESTER

SI. No.

Course Code


Hours L T P S Total

1. MLC21 Wireless Communication PC-C 3 0 0 1 4 7

2. MLC22 Advanced Digital Signal Processing PC-C 3 1 0 0 4 5

3. MLC23 Advanced Digital Communication PC-C 3 0 0 1 4 7



6. MLCL24 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory PC-C 0 0 2 0 2 4

7. MLCL25 Embedded Systems Laboratory PC-C 0 0 2 0 2 4


Total 16 2 5 2 25 38

7

III SEMESTER

SI. No.

Course Code


Hours L T P S Total

1. MLC31 Error Control Coding PC-C 3 0 0 1 4 7



4. MLC33 Internship/Industrial Training IN 0 0 10 0 10 20

5. MLC34 Project Work – I PW 0 0 6 0 6 12

Total 6 0 17 2 25 48

IV SEMESTER

SI. No.

Course Code


Hours L T P S Total

1. MLCP Project Work – II PW 0 0 25 0 25 50

Total 0 0 25 0 25 50

8

List of Electives

SI.

No.

Course

Code Course Title Credits

L T P S Total

1. MLCE01 Digital System Design using HDL 4 0 0 0 4

2. MLCE02 Design of Electronic Systems 3 0 0 1 4

3. MLCE03 ASIC Design 3 1 0 0 4

4. MLCE04 Advanced Embedded Systems 4 0 0 0 4

5. MLCE05 Optical Communication and Networking 3 0 0 1 4

6. MLCE06 Data Compression 3 0 0 1 4

7. MLCE07 Automotive Electronics 3 0 0 1 4

8. MLCE08 Nanoelectronics 4 0 0 0 4

9. MLCE09 CMOS VLSI Design 4 0 0 0 4

10. MLCE10 Simulation, Modeling and Analysis 4 0 0 0 4

11. MLCE11 Broadband Wireless Networks 4 0 0 0 4

12. MLCE12 Spread Spectrum Communication 4 0 0 0 4

13. MLCE13 RFMEMS 3 0 0 1 4

14. MLCE14 Pattern Recognition and Analysis 3 0 0 1 4

15. MLCE15 Image and Video Processing 3 1 0 0 4

16. MLCE16 Advanced Computer Networks 3 1 0 0 4

17. MLCE17 Advances in VLSI Design 4 0 0 0 4

18. MLCE18 Advances in Radar Systems 4 0 0 0 4

19. MLCE19 Communication System Design using DSP 3 1 0 0 4

20. MLCE20 RF and Microwave Circuit Design 4 0 0 0 4

9

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Subject Code: MLC11 Credits: 3:1:0:0

Prerequisites: Engineering Mathematics Contact Hours: 70

Course Coordinator: Mr. Sadashiva V Chakrasali

UNIT – I

Solving Linear Equations: Introduction, geometry of linear equations, Solution sets of linear

systems, Gaussian elimination, matrix notation, inverses, Partitioned matrices, matrix

factorization and determinants.

UNIT – II

Vector Spaces: Vector spaces and subspaces, linear independence, rank, basis and dimension,

linear transformation, change of basis.

Eigen values and Eigen vectors: Eigen values, Eigen vectors and diagonalization, Eigen vectors

and linear transformations.

UNIT – III

Orthogonality: Orthogonal vectors and subspaces, projections, orthogonal bases and Gram –

Schmidt orthogonalization, least - squares problems, Inner product spaces, Diagonalization of

symmetric matrices, quadratic forms, constrained optimization and SVD.

UNIT – IV

Linear Programming: Introduction – Optimization model, formulation and applications –

Classical optimization techniques: Single and multi-variable problems, Types of constraints.

Linear optimization algorithms: Simplex method, Basic solution and extreme point, Degeneracy,

Primal simplex method, Dual linear programs, Primal, dual, and duality theory, Dual simplex

method, The primal – dual algorithm, Duality applications.

UNIT – V

Nonlinear Programming: Minimization and maximization of convex functions, Local & Global

optimum, Convergence, Speed of convergence. Unconstrained optimization: One dimensional

minimization, Elimination methods: Fibonacci & Golden section search, Gradient methods,

steepest descent method. Constrained optimization: Constrained optimization with equality and

inequality constraints.

References:

1. B. S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, 40th

Edition, Khanna Publishers, 2007.

10

2. Strang. G, “Linear Algebra and its Applications”, 3rd

Edition, Thomson Learning, 1988.

3. David C. Lay, “Linear Algebra and its Applications”, 3rd

Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.

4. S. S. Rao, “Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice”, Revised 3rd

Edition, New Age

International Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.

5. Taha H A, “Operations Research – An Introduction”, McMillan Publishing Co, 1982.

Course Outcomes:

1. Employ linear systems concepts in statistical signal processing and graph theory

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Use eigen values, eigen vectors and diagonalization in signal processing applications

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Apply projections and SVD to image processing (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Execute linear optimization in various signal processing applications (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Employ different non-linear optimization techniques in various applications (POs: 1, 3, 4)

11

PROBABILITY AND RANDOM PROCESSES




UNIT – I

Introduction to probability theory: Experiments, Sample space, Events, Axioms, Assigning

probabilities, Joint and conditional, Baye's theorem, discrete and continuous random variables,

cumulative distribution function (CDF), probability mass function (PMF), probability density

function (PDF), Conditional PMF/PDF, expected value, variance

UNIT – II

Random Variables: Functions of a random variable, expected value of the derived random

variable, multiple random variables, joint CDF/PMF/PDF, functions of multiple random

variables, multiple functions of multiple random variables, independent/uncorrelated random

variables, sums of random variables, moment generating function, random sums of random

variables, sample mean, laws of large numbers, central limit theorem, convergence of sequence

of random variables.

UNIT – III

Random Processes: Introduction to random processes, specification of random processes, nth

order joint PDFs, independent increments, stationary increments, Mean and correlation of

random processes, stationary, wide sense stationary and ergodic processes.

UNIT – IV

Filtering Random Processes: Random processes as inputs to linear time invariant systems:

power spectral density, Gaussian processes as inputs to LTI systems, white Gaussian noise, In-

Phase and quadrature representation of random processes.

UNIT – V

Information Theory: Introduction, Measure of information, average information content of

symbols in long independent sequences, average information content of symbols in long

dependent sequences, Markov statistical model for information sources, entropy and information

rate of Markov sources.

References:

1. Henry Stark and John W. Woods, “Probability and Random Processes with Applications to

Signal Processing”, 3rd

Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.

12

2. A. Papoulis and S. U. Pillai, “Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes”, 4th

Edition, McGraw Hill, 2002.

3. Peyton Z. Peebles, “Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles”, 4th

Edition, TMH, 2007.

4. K. Sam Shanmugam, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, John Wiley, 2004.

Course Outcomes:

1. Solve basic communication system problems using probability concepts (POs: 1, 4)

2. Apply random variables concepts to detection and estimation (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Model communication channels (POs: 3, 4)

4. Model linear systems employed in communication systems (POs: 3, 4)

5. Design Markov model for information sources (POs: 3, 4)

13

ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN


Prerequisites: Microwave Circuits Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Mrs. Sujatha B

UNIT – I

Antenna fundamental and definitions: Radiation patterns, Directivity and gain, Effective

height and aperture, Antenna impedance, Radiation efficiency.

Arrays: Array factor for linear arrays, uniformly excited equally spaced linear arrays, Pattern

multiplication, Directivity of linear arrays, Multidimensional arrays and Feeding techniques.

UNIT – II

Resonant Antennas: Dipole antenna (Far field electric and magnetic field components,

Radiation resistance), Yagi-Uda antennas.

Broadband antennas: Travelling wave antennas helical antennas, Biconical antennas and

Principles of frequency independent antennas: Log - periodic antennas.

UNIT – III

Microstrip and Printed Antennas: Feeding methods, Methods of analysis, Rectangular patch,

Circular patch, Quality factor, Bandwidth and efficiency, Coupling, Arrays and feed networks,

Printed antennas.

UNIT – IV

Antenna Array Synthesis: Formulation of the synthesis problem, Synthesis principles, Line

sources shaped beam synthesis, Linear array shaped beam synthesis, Woodward - Lawson

sampling method, Comparison of shaped beam synthesis methods, low sidelobe narrow main

beam synthesis methods, Dolph Chebyshev linear array, Method of moments: Introduction to

method of moments, Pocklington's integral equation, Integral equation.

UNIT – V

Computational EM: FD-TD methods, Maxwell‟s equations for the FD-TD method, Three-

dimensional problem formulation, two dimensional problem formulation, one dimensional

problem formulation, Computer Algorithms and FD-TD implementation, A two dimensional

example, antenna analysis and applications.

Self-Study: Solution of Maxwell's equations for radiation problems, Antenna polarization, Non-

uniformly excited equally spaced linear arrays, Phased arrays, Feed antennas for reflectors,

14

Fourier series of antenna synthesis, Taylor line source method, Kirchhoff‟s networking

equations, Source conditions, near fields and far fields.

References:

1. Warren L. Stutzman and Gary A. Thiele, “Antenna theory and design”, 2nd

Edition, John

Wiley and Sons (Wiley India edition) 2010.

2. Constantine. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, 2nd

Edition, John Wiley,

1997.

3. John D Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka, Ahmad S Khan, “Antennas”, 4th

Edition, Tata McGraw

Hill, 2006.

Course Outcomes:

1. Recall the Maxwell‟s equations to find the field components, parameters and radiation

resistance of resonant antennas. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Analyze the uniform and non-uniform excited arrays and broad band antennas. (POs: 3, 4)

3. Design different types of patch antennas and analyze their feed methods, quality factor,

bandwidth and efficiency. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Synthesize antenna beam pattern using different types of distributions. (POs: 3, 4)

5. Describe the computationally efficient approximations to calculate antenna performance

using FTTD methods and geometrical optics. (POs: 3, 4)

15

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN LABORATORY

Subject Code: MLCL14 Credits: 0:0:2:0

Prerequisites: Digital Electronic Circuits Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Dr. V. Anandi

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Laboratories are scheduled for the design of digital combinational and sequential circuits using

HDL and implementation on FPGA using Xilinx software.

1. The use of EDA Tools for simulation and synthesis using FPGA – Introduction

Logic gates, 2 to 4 decoder

Minimal-length binary code to represent the state of a phone: on hook, dial-tone,

dialing, busy, connected, disconnected, and ringing

Full adder using different modeling styles

2. Digital Combinational Circuit Modeling and Verification using VHDL

Full subtractor using structural modeling and test bench

4 bit ripple carry adder using full adders with test bench

4 bit signed and unsigned comparator

3:8 decoder with test bench

Encoder with and without priority

Parity generator and parity checker

3. Digital Combinational Circuit Modeling and Verification using Verilog

Bit carry look ahead adder using dataflow modeling and test bench

Simulate the behavior of a 4 bit array multiplier

Simulate the behavior of 8 bit Booth multiplier

4. Digital Sequential Circuit Modeling using VHDL

3 bit counter with synchronous reset and test bench

4 bit BCD to Hexadecimal and test bench

Simulate 4-bit mod-13 counter and test

Modulus counter with JK flip flops as components with asynchronous reset

4 bit shift register

4 bit GRAY counter with asynchronous reset

4 bit Ring and Johnson counter with asynchronous reset

Simulate 4-bit register with shift left and shift right modes of operation

Simulate and test JK FF with asynchronous reset

5. Synthesis of digital circuits using FPGA

4 bit BCD counter and synthesize on FPGA

Synthesize 4 bit binary up –down counter with synchronous reset

Synthesize a 4-bit BCD counter with asynchronous reset

16

BCD to seven segment decoder and display the result on seven segment display

Simulate a 4 bit Carry Select Adder and synthesize on FPGA board

Simulate a 4 bit CSA and Synthesize on FPGA board

Synthesize 3 bit ALU

6. FSMs in HDL: Traffic light controller/Vending machine

7. Serial adder as FSM simulation and synthesis

8. Interface experiments: Stepper motor, DAC

References:

1. J Bhaskar, “HDL Primer”, 3rd

Edition, B S Publications, 2005.

2. Peter J. Ashenden, “Digital Design: An Embedded Systems Approach using VHDL”,

Elsevier, 2010.

3. Peter J. Ashenden, “Digital Design: An Embedded Systems Approach using Verilog”,

Elsevier, 2010.

Course Outcomes:

1. Employ modern EDA tools for digital design including simulation and synthesis suitable for

implementation on programmable device technologies and understand design tradeoffs.

(POs: 3, 5)

2. Design, test and implement combinational circuits, in HDL to verify their functionality.

(POs: 3, 4, 5)

3. Design and implement existing SSI and MSI sequential digital circuits with HDL

(POs: 3, 4, 5)

4. Design and implement arithmetic circuits with HDL (POs: 3, 5)

5. Design and implement complex FSMs with HDL on FPGA (POs: 3, 4, 5)

17

ANTENNAS LABORATORY


Prerequisites: Microwave Circuits and Components Contact Hours: 56


Experiments can be done using Hardware tools such as Spectrum analyzers, Signal sources,

Power Supplies, Oscilloscopes, High frequency signal sources, fiber kits, Measurement benches,

Logic analyzers, PC setups, etc. Software tools based experiments can be done using, FEKO

simulator, NS2 simulator, MATLAB, etc.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Experimental studies of radiation pattern of Micro strip Yagi-Uda and patch antennas.

2. Impedance measurements of Horn/Yagi/dipole/Parabolic antennas

3. Analysis of E & H plane horns

4. Determine the directivity and gains of Horn/ Yagi/ dipole/ Parabolic antennas

5. Determination of the modes transit time, electronic timing range and sensitivity of klystron

source

6. Conduct an experiment for voice and data multiplexing using optical fiber.

7. Determination of V-I characteristics of GUNN diode, and measurement of guide wave

length, frequency, and VSWR

8. Determination of coupling coefficient and insertion loss of Branch line and backward

directional couplers

9. Matlab/C implementation to obtain the radiation pattern of different types of antennas

10. Matlab/C implementation of n-isotropic sources to obtain Beam area, Beam width between

first nulls, and Directivity of End fire antenna array

11. Matlab/C implementation of n-isotropic sources to obtain Beam area, Beam width between

first nulls, and Directivity of broad side antenna array

12. Measurement techniques of radiation characteristics of an antenna

References:

1. John D Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka, Ahmad S Khan, “Antennas”, 4th

Edition, Tata McGraw

Hill, 2006.

2. Constantine. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory Analysis and Design”, 2nd

Edition, John Wiley,

1997.

Course Outcomes:

1. Plot the radiation pattern of different types of antennas (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Determine the parameters like gain, beam width and directivity of antennas (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Conduct an experiment to analyze voice and data multiplexing using optical fiber kit

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

18

4. Design antenna array and find the various parameters like directivity and gain by plotting the

radiation pattern (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Measure the coupling coefficient and losses of directional couplers (POs: 1, 3, 4)

19

TECHNICAL SEMINAR – I

Subject Code: MLC16 Credits: 0:0:1:0 Prerequisites: Nil Contact Hours: 28

Students will perform an initial literature survey and choose software tools for realizing solutions to a

technical problem identified. Evaluation will be based on two oral presentations during the semester,

for which rubrics are defined as given below.

Evaluation Rubrics

Criteria Max.

Marks

Achievement Levels CO

Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Introduction

to area

10 No

information

about the

specific

technical

details in the

chosen area.

Some

information

available, but

no clarity in

internal details.

Clear presentation

of the technical

details, internal

working, and

rationale of design

choices.

CO1,

CO2

Literature

Survey

10 Very few

quality

sources

pertinent to

the chosen

technical area.

No recent

articles used.

Ample sources

from recent

past, but not

from quality

sources or with

zero or very

few citations.

Ample sources

from quality

journals and

conferences

recently

published, and

having abundant

citations.

CO1,

CO2

Problem

Statement

10 No clear

problem

identified in

chosen area.

Identification

of problem

area, but no

knowledge of

underlying

technical

details.

Clear

identification of

problem area,

along with

parameters having

an influence on

the performance.

CO3

Reproduction

of Existing

Results

10 No simulation

results shown.

Individual

blocks

simulated, but

no

comprehensive

simulation.

Complete and

consistent

reproduction of

existing results

using appropriate

software tools.

CO4

Research

Questions

10 No hypothesis

proposed.

Hypothesis is

not

sound/practical,

and not backed

by technical

arguments.

Sound and

practical

hypothesis

proposed, along

with supporting

technical/intuitive

arguments.

CO5

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

20

Course Outcomes:

1. Identify a technical problem by performing a comprehensive literature survey.

(POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

2. Compare different solution methods presented in the literature for the technical problem

identified. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

3. Predict the impact of various software tools and methods for the identified problem.

(POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

4. Display initial simulation results, showing replication of existing approaches for the

identified problem. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

5. Construct a technical block diagram that shows an optimized solution for the identified

problem, with respect to existing literature. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

21

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS


Prerequisites: Digital Communication Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Mrs. Sarala S M

UNIT – I

Wireless Channel: Physical modeling for wireless channels, input/output model of wireless

channel, time and frequency response, statistical models.

Point to Point Communication: Detection in Rayleigh fading channel, Repetition Coding,

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing.

UNIT – II

Diversity: Introduction, Micro-diversity, Macro-diversity and simulcast, Combination of

Signals, Error Probability in fading channels with diversity Reception, transmit diversity.

UNIT – III

Capacity of Wireless Channels: AWGN channel capacity, linear time invariant Gaussian

channels, capacity of fading channels.

UNIT – IV

Antenna Diversity: Receive diversity, Spatial multiplexing and channel modeling, multiplexing

capability of MIMO channels, physical modeling of MIMO channels, modeling MIMO fading

channels.

UNIT – V

MIMO Capacity and Multiplexing Architectures: V-BLAST architecture, Fast fading MIMO

channels, Receiver architectures: Linear de-correlator, Successive cancellation, Linear MMSE

receiver, D-BLAST architecture.

Self-Study: Wireless channel as a linear time-varying system, Reflection from a ground plane,

Power decay with distance and shadowing, Baseband equivalent channel model, Singular value

decomposition of AWGN channel, Concepts of multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA, and

CDMA), Basics of spread spectrum communication systems.

22

References:

1. David Tse, P. Viswanath, “Fundamentals of Wireless Communication”, Cambridge, 2006.

2. Andreas Molisch, “Wireless Communications”, Wiley Publications, 2009.

3. William C Y Lee, “Mobile Communication Engineering Theory and Applications”, TMGH,

2008.

4. Upen Dalal, “Wireless Communication”, Oxford Publications, 2009.

5. Mark Ciampa, Jorge Olenwa, “Wireless Communications”, Cengage Publishers, 2007.

Course Outcomes:

1. Define characteristics of wireless channel strength over time and frequency. (POs: 1, 2, 4)

2. Employ the concept of different diversity techniques to overcome the effect of small scale

multi-path propagation. (POs: 1, 2, 4)

3. Demonstrate the impact of channel uncertainty on the performance of diversity combining

schemes. (POs: 1, 2, 4)

4. Employ the multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas under suitable channel fading

conditions. (POs: 1, 2, 4)

5. Discuss the performance of MIMO receiver architecture. (POs: 1, 2, 4)

23

ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING


Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing Contact Hours: 70

Course Coordinator: Dr. Maya V. Karki

UNIT – I

Introduction and Discrete Fourier Transforms: Signals, systems and processing,

Classification of signals, concept of frequency in continuous time and discrete time signals,

Analog to digital and digital to analog conversion, Frequency domain sampling, Discrete Fourier

transform, Properties of the DFT, Linear filtering methods based on the DFT.

UNIT – II

Design of Digital Filters: General considerations, design of FIR filters, design of IIR filters

from analog filters, Frequency transformations.

UNIT – III

Multirate Digital Signal Processing: Introduction, decimation by a factor 'D', Interpolation by a

factor 'I', sampling rate conversion by a factor 'I/D', Implementation of sampling rate conversion,

Multistage implementation of sampling rate conversion, Sampling rate conversion of band pass

signals, Sampling rate conversion by an arbitrary factor, Applications of multirate signal

processing, Digital filter banks, two channel quadrature mirror filter banks, M-channel QMF

bank.

UNIT – IV

Linear Prediction & Optimum Linear Filters: Random Signals, Correlation Functions and

Power Spectra, Innovations Representation of a Stationary Random Process, Forward and

Backward Linear Prediction, Solution of the Normal Equations, Properties of the Linear

Prediction-Error Filters, Lattice and ARMA Lattice-Ladder Filters, Wiener Filters for Filtering

and Prediction

UNIT – V

Adaptive Filters: Applications of adaptive filters, Adaptive direct form FIR filters, The LMS

algorithm, Adaptive direct form filters, RLS algorithm.

References:

1. Proakis and Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, 4th


2. Robert. O. Cristi, “Modern Digital Signal Processing”, Cengage Publishers, India, 2003.

3. S. K. Mitra, “Digital Signal Processing: A computer based approach”, 3rd

Edition, TMH,

India, 2007.

24

4. E. C. Ifeachor, and B. W. Jarvis, “Digital Signal Processing: A Practitioner's approach”, 2nd

Edition, Pearson Education, India, 2002.

Course Outcomes:

1. Analyze different signals and systems both in time and frequency domain (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Appreciate decimation, interpolation and sampling rate conversion (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Design IIR and FIR filters for different specifications and applications (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Develop linear predictors and optimum linear filters (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Design adaptive filters with LMS and RLS algorithms (POs: 1, 3, 4)

25

ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION




UNIT – I

Digital Modulation Techniques: Digital modulation formats, Coherent binary modulation

techniques, Coherent quadrature – modulation techniques, Non-coherent binary modulation

techniques, Comparison of binary and quaternary modulation techniques, M-ary modulation

techniques, Power spectra, Bandwidth efficiency, M-ary modulation formats viewed in the light

of the channel capacity theorem, Effect of inter symbol interference, Bit vs symbol error

probabilities.

UNIT – II

Communication Through Band Limited Linear Filter Channels: Optimum receiver for

channel with ISI and AWGN, Linear equalization, Decision feedback equalization, reduced

complexity ML detectors.

UNIT – III

Adaptive Equalization: Adaptive linear equalizer, adaptive decision feedback equalizer,

adaptive equalization of Trellis - coded signals, Recursive least squares algorithms for adaptive

equalization.

UNIT – IV

Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communication: Model of Spread Spectrum Digital

Communication System, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals, Frequency-Hopped Spread

Spectrum Signals.

UNIT – V

Digital Communication Through Fading Multi-Path Channels: Characterization of fading

multipath channels, the effect of signal characteristics on the choice of a channel model,

frequency-nonselective, slowly fading channel, diversity techniques for fading multi-path

channels, Digital signaling over a frequency-selective, slowly fading channel.

Self-Study: Synchronization, Applications, Iterative equalization and decoding, Turbo

equalization, self-recovering (blind) equalization, CDMA, time-hopping SS, Synchronization of

SS systems, multiple antenna systems.

26

References:

1. John G. Proakis, “Digital Communications”, 4th


2. Simon Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley and Sons, 2013.

3. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications - Fundamentals and Applications”, 2nd

Edition,

Pearson Education (Asia) Pvt. Ltd, 2001.

4. Andrew J. Viterbi, “CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications”, Prentice Hall,

USA, 1995.

Course Outcomes:

1. Compare and analyze power spectra of linearly modulated signals (POs: 3, 4)

2. Explain linear equalization and derive its performance characteristics for channels with

intersymbol interference and AWGN (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Analyze adaptive equalization algorithms with LMS and RLS techniques (POs: 3, 4)

4. Describe different spread spectrum signals and systems (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Derive signal design, receiver structure, and receiver performance of fading multipath

channels (POs: 3, 4)

27

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY


Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Dr. Maya V. Karki

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. A LTI system is defined by the difference equation y[n] = x[n] + x[n - 1] + x[n - 2].

a. Determine the impulse response of the system and sketch it.

b. Determine the output y[n] of the system when the input is x[n] = u[n].

c. Determine the output of the system when the input is a complex exponential (E.g.

x[n] = 2*exp(j0.26n)).

2. Design a simple digital FIR filter with real coefficient to remove a narrowband i.e.,

sinusoidal) disturbance with frequency fo = 50Hz. Let fs = 300Hz be the sampling frequency.

a. Determine the desired zeros and poles of the filter.

b. Determine the filter coefficients with the gain K = 1.

c. Sketch the magnitude of the frequency response.

3. Design an IIR filter with real coefficients for same specifications mentioned in Q2 and

repeats the steps (a) to (c).

4. Generate a signal with two frequencies x(t)=3cos(2*pi*f1*t) + 2cos(2*pi*f2*t) sampled at fs

= 8kHz. Let f1 = 1kHz and f2 = f1+'A‟ and the overall data length be N = 256 points.

a. From theory, determine the minimum value of 'A' necessary to distinguish between

the two frequencies.

b. Verify this result experimentally, using the rectangular window, look at the DFT

with several values of 'A' so that you verify the resolution.

c. Repeat part (b) using a Hamming window. How did the resolution change?

5. Comparison of DFT and DCT (in terms of energy compactness)

Generate the sequence x[n] = n – 64, for n = 0...127.

(a) Let X[k] = DFT{x[n]}. For various values of L, set to zero "high frequency

coefficients" X[64-l]= ....X[64]= ......X[64+L]=0 and take the inverse DFT. Plot the

results.

(b) Let XDCT[k] = DCT(X[n]). For the same values of L, set to zero "high frequency

coefficient" XDCT[127-L] = ....XDCT[127]. Take the inverse DCT for each case and

compare the reconstruction with the previous case.

6. Filter design:

Design a discrete low pass filter with the specification given below:

Sampling frequency = 2kHz

Passband edge = 260Hz

Stop band edge = 340Hz

Max. passband attenuation= 0.1dB

28

Minimum stop band attenuation = 30dB

Use the following design methodologies:

Hamming Windowing

Kaiser Windowing

Apply Bilinear transformation to a suitable Butterworth filter. Compare the obtained filters in

terms of performance (accuracy in meeting specifications and computational complexity).

List of experiments to be done using the DSP processor

1. Write an ALP to obtain the response of a system using linear convolution whose input

and impulse response coefficients are specified.

2. Write an ALP to obtain the impulse response of the given system, given the difference

equation.

3. Sampling of an image

4. Design of equiripple filters

5. Applications of frequency transformation in filter design

6. Computation of FFT when N is not a power of 2

7. Sampling rate conversion and plot of spectrum

8. Analysis of signals by STFT and WT

9. Delayed auditory feedback signal using 6713 processor

10. Record of machinery noise like fan or blower or diesel generator and obtaining its

spectrum

11. Synthesis of select dual tone multi frequency using 6713 processor

12. Fourier Transform and its inverse Fourier transform of an image

References:

1. Proakis and Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, 4th


2. Rulph Chassing and Donald Reay, “Digital Signal Processing and Applications with

TMS320C6713 and TMS320C6416 DSK”, 2nd

Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2010.

Course Outcomes:

1. Analyze outputs of different LTI systems. (POs: 1, 4)

2. Design IIR and FIR filters for the given cutoff frequency. (POs: 1, 4)

3. Compute DFT and DCT through examples. (PO: 1)

4. Illustrate signal analysis algorithms on DSP boards. (POs: 1, 3)

5. Implement simple image processing algorithms on DSP boards. (POs: 1, 3)

29

ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY


Prerequisites: Microcontrollers Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Mrs. Lakshmi Shrinivasan

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Introduction to IAR Workbench for ARM Cortex M4

1. Assembly language data transfer programs

2. Factorial of a number and Fibonacci series generation

3. Parity checking (odd or even), Ascending/Descending order of given N number of data

4. Logical instruction based programs

5. Array arithmetic operations (multiplication, addition and subtraction)

6. Handling of external interrupts

7. Elaborating the usage of low power modes

Hardware Interfacing Experiments using ARM Cortex M4

8. Design and interface a 16 channel 8 bit ADC

9. Design and interface a DC motor speed control and measurement

10. Generation of sine and square waveform using Dual DAC for given duty cycle and

amplitude

11. Design and interface a simple temperature monitoring and control system

12. Design and interface a stepper motor for following operations: rotate clockwise,

anticlockwise for defined degree of angle

13. Implement and interface real time clock (RTC)

14. Design and interface a simple 4 x 4 calculator type Keypad module

15. Show how an output interfaced hardware module could be controlled using relay

Programs based on RTOS concepts in Linux environment

16. Introduction to Linux commands

17. Create a process using fork() function call (forkdemo.c) and simulate it

18. Create „n‟ number of child threads. Each thread p prints the message “I‟m in thread

number…” and sleeps for 50ms and then quits. The main thread waits for complete

execution of all the child threads. Compile and execute it.

19. Generate a signal when a delete key is pressed (signal) compile and simulate it.

20. Show IPC using Semaphore and Mutex.

Model the given embedded system using UML tool

21. Static aspects of the system using basic Class Diagram and generate code

30

22. The elevator system for the above mentioned scenario using sequence diagram

23. Dynamic aspects of the system using sequence diagram and generate code

References:

1. Joseph Yiu, “The definitive guide to ARM Cortex – M3 and Cortex- M4 processors”,

Elsevier Publishing, 2014.

2. Shibu K V, “Introduction to Embedded Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private

Limited, 2009.

Course Outcomes:

1. Use simulation and emulation IDE (PO: 5)

2. Write, compile and debug RTOS concepts programs (POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

3. Interface and communicate peripheral modules to ARM Cortex M4 microcontroller

(POs: 1, 2, 4, 5)

4. Develop various UML diagrams and models for an embedded system (POs: 1, 2, 4, 5)

5. Prepare a report with algorithm and expected output (PO: 2)

31

TECHNICAL SEMINAR – 2

Subject Code: MLC26 Credits: 0:0:1:0 Prerequisites: Nil Contact Hours: 28

Students will present experimentation results, where an improvement is seen over existing approaches.

Evaluation will be based on two oral presentations during the semester, for which the rubrics are as

given below.

Evaluation Rubrics

Criteria Max.

Marks


Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Reproduction

of Existing

Results

10 Partial

reproduction

of results or

large variation

from reported

results, no

proper

presentation

using tables

etc.

Partial

reproduction of

results, but no

proper

presentation

and no analysis.

Complete

reproduction of

results, with

appropriate

tables/figures and

analysis of results

obtained.

CO1

Proposed

Approach

10 No proper

justification

for methods

used, or no

new methods

proposed.

New approach

proposed, but

without any

justification.

New approach

proposed, along

with technical

arguments that

support the

hypothesis.

CO2

Tool Usage 10 Tool usage is

not

appropriate, is

incorrect, or is

incomplete.

Tools are used

appropriately,

but without

knowledge of

advanced

options.

Tools are used

appropriately,

with complete

knowledge of all

available settings

options suitable

for analysis.

CO3

Results 10 Results are not

indicative of

proposed

model, or are

incomplete.

Results are

complete, but

are not better

than existing

solutions.

Proper formats

are used for

presentation.

Results are

presented using

appropriate

formats, and are

better than

existing solutions

for the problem

identified.

CO4

Discussion &

Conclusions

10 No discussion

of experiments

and the results

obtained.

Summary of

experiments

and results

obtained

thereby.

Summary of

experiments and

results obtained

thereby, along

with conclusions

and future

directions.

CO5

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

32

Course Outcomes:

1. Present initial simulation results, replicating existing findings. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2. Propose a technical block diagram with arguments for improved performance.

(POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

3. Present the tools required for performing experiments, and justify their appropriateness.

(POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

4. Discuss simulation results and optimized performance metrics. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of approach, along with possible future directions.

(POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

33

ERROR CONTROL CODING


Prerequisites: Information Theory and Coding Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Mrs. Chitra M

UNIT – I

Introduction to Algebra: Groups, Fields, binary field arithmetic, Construction of Galois Field

GF (2m

) and its properties, Computation using Galois filed GF (2m

) arithmetic, Vector spaces and

matrices on Galois field.

UNIT – II

Linear Block Codes: Generator and parity check matrices, Encoding circuits, Syndrome and

error detection, Minimum distance considerations, Error detecting and error correcting

capabilities, Standard array and syndrome decoding, decoding circuits, Hamming codes, Reed-

Muller codes, Golay codes, Product codes and interleaved codes.

UNIT – III

Cyclic Codes: Introduction, Generator and parity check polynomials, Encoding using

multiplication circuits, Systematic cyclic codes – Encoding using feedback shift register circuits,

generator matrix for cyclic code, Syndrome computing and error detection, Meggitt decoder,

Error trapping decoding, Cyclic hamming codes, Golay code, Shortened cyclic codes.

UNIT – IV

BCH Codes: Binary primitive BCH codes, Decoding procedures, Implementation of Galois field

arithmetic, Implementation of error correction.

Non-binary BCH Codes: q-ary linear block codes, Primitive BCH codes over GF(q), Reed -

Solomon codes, decoding of non-binary BCH and RS codes: The Berlekamp - Massey

Algorithm, Gorenstein – Zierler Algorithm.

UNIT – V

Majority Logic Decodable Codes & Convolutional Codes: One step majority logic decoding,

one step majority logic decodable codes, Two-step majority logic decoding, Multiple-step

majority logic decoding.

Convolutional Codes: Encoding of convolutional codes, Structural properties, Distance

properties, Viterbi decoding algorithm for decoding, soft output Viterbi algorithm, Stack and

Fano sequential decoding algorithms, Majority logic decoding.

34

Introduction to Turbo coding and their distance properties, design of Turbo codes

Self-Study: Basic properties of GF (2m

), example of construction of GF (25) using primitive

polynomial, Standard array and Syndrome decoding of linear block codes, Decoding circuits,

Product and interleaved codes, Error trapping decoding, Cyclic Hamming codes, Shortened

cyclic codes, Decoding of RS codes, Burst and random error correcting codes, concept of

interleaving.

References:

1. Shu Lin and Daniel J. Costello. Jr, “Error control coding”, 2nd

Edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall,

2010.

2. Blahut. R. E, “Theory and practice of error control codes”, Addison Wesley, 1984.

Course Outcomes:

1. Apply properties of Galois Field to Groups, Fields, Vector Spaces, row space and sub-spaces

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Describe linear block codes, RM codes, Golay codes in error detection and error correction

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Demonstrate cyclic block codes, cyclic Hamming codes, Shortened cyclic codes and (23, 12)

Golay codes in error detection and correction. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Illustrate various BCH Codes, RS Codes and other q-ary codes and apply them for error

detection & correction. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Construct state tables, state diagrams, code-tree diagram and trellis diagrams for

convolutional encoders and other higher-order error-control codes and use Viterbi and stack

algorithms for decoding those codes. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

35

TECHNICAL SEMINAR – 3

Subject code: MLC32 Credits: 0:0:1:0 Prerequisites: Nil Contact Hours: 28

Students will be evaluated based on presentation skills and technical report writing. Evaluation will be

based on two oral presentations during the semester, for which rubrics are as given below.

Evaluation Rubrics

Criteria Max.

Marks


Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Presentation

of Research

Problem

10 No clear

presentation

of recent

approaches.

Brief and

clear

presentation

of recent

research

approaches

Brief and clear

presentation of

recent

approaches,

along with

appropriate

charts/tables etc.,

to compare

different

methods.

CO1

Introduction

of Technical

Domain

10 No grasp of

technical

domain, and

no proper

organization

of technical

details.

Information is

presented in

logical

sequence, but

with only

understanding

of basic

concepts.

Information is

presented in a

logical sequence,

and student is

able to respond

to basic and

advanced

queries.

CO2

Detailed

Analysis of

Technical

Domain

10 No proper

technical

language

used,

brief/no

description

of methods.

Detailed

technical

descriptions,

but no proper

flow of

contents.

Detailed

technical

description along

with a consistent

flow of

explanations in

the document.

CO3

Thorough

Literature

Survey

10 Few low

quality

publications

referenced,

with no

summaries of

methods

provided.

Detailed

summaries of

methods

provided, but

quality of

publications

chosen is not

suitable.

High quality,

highly cited

publications

chosen, and a

detailed

document

presenting the

approaches, their

advantages and

disadvantages.

CO4

36

Course Outcomes:

1. Introduce the research problem clearly with appropriate data and figures. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

2. Demonstrate extensive knowledge of the topic identified. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

3. Create a document with accurate and key concepts, using appropriate diagrams/tables to

present an introduction to the problem area identified. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

4. Create a document that presents a detailed survey of literature, with proper explanations and

elaborations of recent advances in problem area. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

5. Create a document giving details of initial experimentation and a discussion of the obtained

results. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

Discussion of

Initial

Results

10 Initial results

are absent, or

are not

simulated

appropriately

Initial results

are not

presented

appropriately,

with no

analysis/discu

ssions.

Initial results are

presented

appropriately,

along with a

discussion on

dependence of

parameters on

design.

CO5

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

INTERNSHIP/INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Subject code: MLC33 Credits: 0:0:10:0 Prerequisites: Nil

The evaluation of students will be based on an intermediate presentation, along with responses to a

questionnaire testing for outcomes attained at the end of the internship. The rubrics for evaluation of

the presentation and the questionnaire for the report will be distributed at the beginning of the

internship.

Evaluation Rubrics

Criteria Max.

Marks


Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Complex

Technical

Blocks

10 No working

knowledge of

the domain.

Working

knowledge of

the domain,

with some

knowledge of

internal details.

Detailed

understanding of

the system, along

with underlying

mechanisms.

CO1

Error

Debugging

10 No ability to

diagnose or

correct errors,

or improve

performance.

An ability to

diagnose errors,

but not correct

them, no

intuition on

improving

performance.

Diagnose and

correct erroneous

system operation,

and propose

methods to

improve system

performance.

CO2

Professional

and Ethical

Behavior

10 No knowledge

of the

requirement of

professional

and ethical

behavior.

Understands

the requirement

for professional

and ethical

behavior.

Can predict the

effects of non-

professional an

un-ethical

behavior in the

workplace.

CO3

Engineering

and Finance

10 Cannot make

the connection

between

engineering

decisions and

their economic

impact.

Predict the cost

of engineering

decisions.

Creates designs

keeping their

economic impact

in mind.

CO4

Lifelong

Learning

10 No

understanding

of the

requirements

for lifelong

learning in the

engineering

profession.

Can present

examples of the

impact of

lifelong

learning in the

engineering

industry.

Can present

examples of the

impact of lifelong

learning, along

with predicting

future areas of

impact of life-long

learning.

CO5

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

38

Course Outcomes:

1. Analyze the working of complex technical systems/blocks. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Correct errors during functioning and improve the performance of complex technical

systems/blocks. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Understand the importance of professional and ethical behavior in the engineering

workplace. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Predict the effect of engineering decisions on financial matters. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Appreciate the requirements for constant technology updation. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

PROJECT WORK – I

Subject code: MLC34 Credits: 0:0:6:0 Prerequisites: Nil

The students will be evaluated based on two oral presentations during the semester. In the presentations

they will have to discuss the results of their literature survey and initial implementations of the design.

Evaluation Rubrics

Criteria Max.

Marks

Achievement Levels

Phase – I, Review – I CO

Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Introduction 5 Introduction is

not clear, or is

not technically

accurate.

Introduction is

accurate, but no

in-depth

analysis of the

domain.

Clear introduction

to the domain,

along with design

decisions and their

impacts.

CO1

Literature

Survey

10 Few sources

of low quality,

with no proper

discussion of

results.

Appropriate

discussion of

existing results,

but quality of

sources is low.

Comprehensive

list of results

presented from

recent quality

sources.

CO2

Methods

Comparison

10 Methods not

explained and

compared in

terms of

internal

implementatio

n details.

Advantages and

disadvantages

discussed, but

not with

reference to

actual methods.

Detailed

description of

existing methods,

along with their

advantages and

disadvantages.

CO3

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

40

Course Outcomes:

1. Introduce the technical area chosen and demonstrate that the focus of the study is on a

significant problem worth investigation. (POs: 1, 3, 4, 5)

2. Discuss existing/standard solution strategies for the problem identified and its deficiency in

the current scenario. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

3. Compare and contrast various research outcomes as part of a literature survey of quality

published academic work. (POs: 1, 3, 4, 5)

4. Replicate existing results by choosing appropriate tools/methods. (POs: 1, 3, 4, 5)

5. Present a technical block diagram and justify its improved performance, with respect to

existing methods, through technical arguments. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

Criteria Max.

Marks

Achievement Levels

Phase – I, Review – II CO

Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Methods

Discussion

5 No

implementatio

n level

discussion of

methods used

in literature.

Brief

discussion of

tools used and

results obtained

therein.

Detailed

discussion of tools

used and their

impact on the

quality of results

obtained in

literature sources.

CO3

Initial

Results

10 Initial results

are not

complete, or

do not match

that of

existing

literature.

Proper tools

used to

generate

results, but are

not same as

existing

literature.

Suitable tools

used with

appropriate

conditions to

generate initial

results, and a

discussion of the

latter.

CO4

Technical

Block

Diagram

10 Technical

block diagram

proposing

improvements

is not

technically

justified.

Block diagram

proposing

improvements

is technically

justified.

Multiple block

diagrams for

optimization are

presented, with a

detailed analysis

of the advantages

and disadvantages

of each approach.

CO5

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

41

PROJECT WORK – II

Subject code: MLCP Credits: 0:0:25:0 Prerequisites: Nil

The students will be evaluated based on two oral presentations, in which they will present their

proposed solutions to the problem identified, and discuss the implementation details and results

obtained.

Evaluation Rubrics

Criteria Max.

Marks

Achievement Levels

Phase – II, Review – I CO

Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Methods

Discussion

10 A discussion

of methods for

optimization is

not based on

technical

arguments.

One or more

block diagrams

presented for

optimization,

but not justified

with technical

arguments.

One or more block

diagrams

presented for

optimization,

along with along

with accurate

technical

arguments for

justification.

CO1

Initial

Results

10 Results are not

matching

expectations,

or are not

complete.

Complete

results

generated, but

not an

improvement

on existing

metrics.

Complete results

generated with an

improvement over

existing

approaches due to

proposed block

diagram.

CO2

Analysis 5 No discussion

about

qualitative

nature of

results.

Results are

discussed along

with

justification for

the outcomes.

Results are

discussed with

arguments for the

qualitative nature,

and scope for

improvement.

CO3

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

42

Course Outcomes:

1. Present different methods for improving existing performance metrics with respect to

existing literature, along with justified technical arguments. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2. Implement solutions proposed using appropriate software tools. (POs: 1, 3, 4, 5)

3. Compare implemented solutions and choose the best possible option based on factors such as

societal impact, cost, speed, practicality etc. (POs: 1, 3, 4, 5)

4. Perform extensive experimentation to prove hypothesis. (POs: 1, 3, 4, 5)

5. Discuss the proposed methods pros and cons, and its applicability in different situations,

along with scope for improvement. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

Criteria Max.

Marks

Achievement Levels

Phase – II, Review – II CO

Mapping Inadequate

(0% – 33 %)

Developing

(34% – 66%)

Proficient

(67% – 100%)

Marks

Awarded

Design of

Experiments

10 Few

experiments

conducted,

with no

relation to

problem

domain.

Significant

experiments

conducted, but

with no

structure and

relation to

problem

domain.

Significant

experiments

conducted, with

all relevant

parameters being

tested in an

orderly manner,

and with

relevance to

hypothesis.

CO3

Experimental

Results

10 Few results,

not covering

all cases, and

not optimizing

performance.

Performance is

moderately

optimized with

respect to

existing

approaches, but

not to the level

predicted by

block diagram.

Significant

improvement in

results, matching

predictions in

technical block

diagram.

CO4

Discussion 5 No qualitative

or quantitative

discussion of

the method,

and its key

characteristics.

Method is

discussed, but

without

arguments

justifying the

advantages and

disadvantages

of the

approach.

Method is

summarized in

detail, along with

technical

arguments

justifying the

advantages and

disadvantages of

the proposed

method.

CO5

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

43

ELECTIVES

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN USING HDL

Subject Code: MLCE01 Credits: 4:0:0:0

Prerequisites: Digital Electronics Contact Hours: 56


UNIT – I

Introduction and Methodology: Digital Systems and Embedded Systems, Binary

representation and Circuit Elements, Real-World Circuits, Models, Design Methodology.

Number Basics: Unsigned and Signed Integers, Fixed and Floating-point Numbers (VHDL)

UNIT – II

Sequential Basics: Storage elements, Counters, Sequential Data paths and Control, Clocked

Synchronous Timing Methodology (VHDL)

UNIT – III

Memories: Concepts, Memory Types, Error Detection and Correction. (VHDL)

UNIT – IV

Processor Basics: Embedded Computer Organization, Instruction and Data, Interfacing with

memory.

I/O interfacing: I/O devices, I/O controllers, Parallel Buses, Serial Transmission, I/O software.

(VERILOG)

UNIT – V

Accelerators: Concepts, case study, Verification of accelerators. (VERILOG)

Design Methodology: Design flow, Design optimization

References:

1. Peter J. Ashenden, “Digital Design: An Embedded Systems Approach using VHDL”,

Elsevier, 2010.

2. Peter J. Ashenden, “Digital Design: An Embedded Systems Approach using Verilog”,

Elsevier, 2010.

44

3. William I. Fletcher, “An Engineering Approach to Digital Design”, PHI, 1990.

4. John Wakerley, “Digital System Design”, Prentice Hall International, 2000.

5. M Ciletti, “Advanced Digital Design with Verilog HDL”, Indian reprint, PHI, 2012.

Course Outcomes:

1. Employ the design approach based on programmable logic for system design. (POs: 1, 4)

2. Apply the basic principles of logic design and the basic concepts of HDL for their design.

(POs: 3, 4)

3. Demonstrate the use of HDLs for modeling combinational and sequential data path and

control circuits. (POs: 3, 4)

4. Employ the concepts of embedded processors like microcontrollers for designing new

systems. (POs: 1, 4)

5. Identify the peripherals suitable for their design and interface them for their designs.

(POs: 1, 4)

45

DESIGN OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS


Prerequisites: Electronic Circuits Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Ms. Akkamahadevi M B

UNIT – I

Overview of Design of Electronic Systems: Evolution and importance of design of electronics

system, Impact of global competition & innovation on system design, Broad classification of

systems as consumer, professional, aerospace & defense: salient differences.

UNIT – II

Transmission Lines and Antennas: Optimizing the selection process in system design of

coaxial, planar and wave guides, with respect to impedance, frequency of operation, transmission

efficiency, Impact of transmission line power handling capacity and VSWR on system cost,

System design consideration for selection of antennas in terms of its performance parameters,

Design considerations for antenna for mobile handheld device.

UNIT – III

Packaging & Interconnection Technology: Introduction & overview of microelectronics

packaging & its influence on system performance & cost, Packaging hierarchy, Driving force on

packaging technology. Overview of MIC: thick and thin film circuits, MCM definition &

classification, their advantages in systems.

UNIT – IV

PCB Technologies: Importance of PCB laminates in electronic systems, Classification of

laminates and their construction details, Processes of selection of PCB laminate in electronic

systems, System design consideration in PCB fabrication, Photolithographic technique,

multilayer laminates and their salient features affecting systems.

UNIT – V

Case Studies on Electronic System Design: Defence Radar: Overview of system

consideration during the design of Radar, Introduction to Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar

cross section of Targets, Transmitter Power, Pulse Repetition Frequency, system losses,

Probabilities of Detection & False alarm, Typical hardware and software details.

Self-Study: Different standards for mobile data and communication, Satellite communication,

sensor interfacing standards, Calibration of electronic equipment, Various Standards and their

46

importance: ISO, ISI, JSS, Overview and classification of transmission lines, MMICs,

importance of MMICs in electronic system, Introduction to Radar

References:

1. Merrill. I. Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar Systems”, 3rd

Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2001.

2. Rao R Tum Mala, “Fundamentals of Microsystems Packaging”, McGraw Hill, NY 2001.

3. William D Brown, “Advanced Electronic Packaging”, IEEE Press, 1999.

4. David M. Pozar “Microwave Engineering”, 3rd

Edition, Wiley-India, 2009.

5. W.C. Bosshart, “Printed Circuit Boards: Design and Technology”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1983.

Course Outcomes:

1. Demonstrate the process of translating user requirement to implementable steps meeting

global competition (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Select appropriate transmission lines and antennas for various system applications

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Design appropriate packaging hierarchy for system design from chip, MCM, thick and thin

film circuits, MICs (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Select PCB laminates like glass epoxy, polyamide, etc. for system applications

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Calculate important radar parameters for defence radar for detecting a military target

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

47

ASIC DESIGN


Prerequisites: VLSI Design Contact Hours: 70


UNIT – I

Introduction: Full custom with ASIC, Semi-custom ASICs, standard cell based ASIC, Gate

array based ASIC, channeled gate array, channel less gate array, structured gate array,

Programmable logic device, FPGA Design Flow, ASIC cell libraries.

UNIT – II

Data Logic Cells: Data path elements, Adders, Multipliers, Arithmetic operators, I/O Cell, Cell

compilers

ASIC Library Design: Logical effort, practicing delay, logical area and logical efficiency,

logical paths, multi stage cells, optimum delay, optimum no of stages, library cell design.

UNIT – III

Low Level Design Entry: Schematic entry, Hierarchical design, cell library, Names, Schematic,

Icons and symbols, Nets, Schematic entry for ASICs, Connections, vectored instances and buses,

edit in place attributes, Netlist, screener, Back annotation.

UNIT – IV

Programmable ASIC: Programmable ASIC logic cell, ASIC I/O cell. Brief Introduction to Low

Level Design Language: An introduction to EDIF, PLA Tools, an introduction to CFI design

representation, Half gate ASIC, Introduction to synthesis and simulation.

UNIT – V

ASIC Construction Floor Planning and Placement and Routing: Physical Design, CAD

Tools, System Partitioning, Estimating ASIC Size, Partitioning methods, Floor Planning Tools,

I/O and power planning, clock planning, Placement algorithms, iterative placement

improvement, Time driven placement methods, Physical Design flow global routing, local

routing, Detail routing, Special routing, circuit extraction and DRC.

References:

1. M J S Smith, “Application Specific Integrated Circuits”, Pearson Education, 2003.

48

2. Neil H. E. Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee, “CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and

Systems Perspective”, 3rd

Edition, Addison Wesley/ Pearson education, 2011.

3. Vikram Arkalgud Chandrasetty, “VLSI Design: A Practical Guide for FPGA and ASIC

Implementations”, Springer, 2011.

4. Rakesh Chadha, J. Bhasker, “An ASIC Low Power Primer: Analysis, Techniques and

Specification”, Springer Publications, January 2015

Course Outcomes:

1. Describe the concepts of ASIC design methodology, data path elements and FPGA

architectures. (PO: 4)

2. Design data path elements for ASIC cell libraries and compute optimum path delay (PO: 4)

3. Employ industry synthesis tools to achieve desired objectives. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

4. Analyze the design of FPGAs and ASICs suitable for specific tasks, perform design entry

and explain the physical design flow. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Create floor plan including partition and routing with the use of CAD algorithms. (PO: 4)

http://www.amazon.in/Rakesh-Chadha/e/B009WSDV6G/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1

http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_2?ie=UTF8&field-author=J.+Bhasker&search-alias=stripbooks

49

ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS



Course Coordinator: Mrs. Lakshmi Shrinivasan

UNIT – I

Introduction to Embedded System: Core of the embedded System, Memories, Communication

Interface, Sensors and Actuators

Typical Embedded System: Washing Machine – Application specific ES, Automotive

communication buses

Introduction to ARM Cortex–M Processors: Advantages of the Cortex M processors,

applications of the ARM Cortex –M processors, Resources for using ARM processors and ARM

microcontrollers.

Hardware Software Co-Design and Program Modeling: Fundamental issues in the H/W, S/W

Co-Design Computational models in the embedded design: Data Flow-Graph/Diagram (DFG)

Model, Control Data Flow Graph / Diagram (CDFG), State machine model with examples.

Sequential program model, concurrent/communicating process model, unified modeling

language (WML) UML building blocks, UML Tools, Hardware and Software trade-offs typical

embedded product design and development approach.

UNIT – II

Technical Overview: ARM Cortex – M4: Processor type, architecture, block diagram, memory

System, Interrupt and exception support, Instruction set: Cortex – M4 specific instructions, barrel

shifter, features of ARM Cortex – M4

Low Power and System Control Features: Low power features, using WFI and WFE

instructions in programming

Fault Exceptions and Fault Handling: Overview of faults Causes of faults, enabling fault

handlers, fault status registers and fault address registers.

50

UNIT – III

Architecture of ARM Cortex-M4: Introduction to the architecture, Programmer‟s model,

behavior of the application program status register (APSR), Memory system, Exceptions and

interrupts, system control block.

UNIT – IV

Real Time Operating System (RTOS) based Embedded System Design: Operating System

basics, Types of OS, Tasks, Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Threads,

Processes and Scheduling: Putting them altogether, Task Communication, Device Drivers,

How to Choose an RTOS

UNIT – V

The Embedded System Development Environment: Embedded Firmware design and

development, the Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Types of files generated on

Cross-compilation, Disassembler/Decompiler, Simulators, Emulators and Debugging, Target

Hardware Debugging, Boundary Scan.

References:

1. Joseph Yiu, “The Definitive Guide to ARM Cortex – M3 and Cortex – M4 Processors”,

Elsevier Ltd., 2014.

2. Shibu. K. V, “Introduction to Embedded Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private

Ltd. 2009.

3. Rajkamal, “Embedded Systems, Architecture, Programming and Design”, Tata McGraw Hill

Education Pvt., Ltd., 2009

4. Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, “Embedded System Design – A Unified Hardware/ Software

Introduction”, John Wiley & Sons, 2002

Course Outcomes:

1. Identify the basic building blocks and computational models in embedded systems.

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Develop the programs using technical knowledge of ARM Cortex M4 for embedded system

firmware development. (POs: 1, 3, 4, 5)

3. Describe ARM Cortex M4 various architectural features and its importance. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Select the RTOS for real time embedded system design. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Interpret the importance of debugger tools for embedded system design and development.

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

51

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING


Prerequisites: Optical Communication Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Mr. Shreedarshan K

UNIT – I

Introduction: Propagation of signals in optical fiber, different losses, nonlinear effects, solitons,

optical sources, detectors.

Optical Components: Couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, filters, gratings,

interferometers, amplifiers.

UNIT – II

Modulation — Demodulation: Formats, ideal receivers, Practical detection receivers, Optical

preamplifier, Noise considerations, Bit error rates, Coherent detection.

UNIT – III

Transmission System Engineering: System model, power penalty, Transmitter, Receiver,

Different optical amplifiers, Dispersion.

Optical Networks: Client layers of optical layer, SONET/SDH, multiplexing, layers, frame

structure, ATM functions, adaptation layers, Quality of service and flow control, ESCON,

HIPPI.

UNIT – IV

WDM Network Elements: Optical line terminal optical line amplifiers, optical cross

connectors, WDM network design, cost trade-offs, LTD and RWA problems, Routing and

wavelength assignment, wavelength conversion.

UNIT – V

Control and Management: Network management functions, management frame work,

Information model, management protocols, layers within optical layer performance and fault

management, impact of transparency.

Self-Study: Nonlinear effects, solitons, interferometers, amplifiers, Bit error rates, Coherent

detection, Quality of service and flow control, ESCON, HIPPI, Routing and wavelength

52

assignment, wavelength conversion, statistical dimensioning model, BER measurement, optical

trace, Alarm management, configuration management.

References:

1. Rajiv Ramswami, N Sivaranjan, “Optical Networks”, 3rd

Edition, M. Kauffman Publishers,

2009.

2. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice”, 3rd

Edition,

Pearson Education India, 2010.

3. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communication”, 5th

Edition, MGH, 2017.

4. P.E. Green, “Optical Networks”, Prentice Hall, 1994.

Course Outcomes:

1. Identify the main parameters optical fiber, and the performance of optical communication

systems (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Analyze the equations that explain the modulation of an optical carrier and the various

parameters of an optical transmitter and receiver (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Identify the different types of networking configurations that may be used in an optical

network and analyze how component selection effects network design (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Design basic optical communication systems and analyze how its performance would be

affected by the various components used in the system design. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

5. Implement a wavelength division multiplexed systems and formulate how altering the

parameters of the components used would change system capacity. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

53

DATA COMPRESSION


Prerequisites: Information Theory and Coding Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Prof. Maya V. Karki

UNIT – I

Lossless Compression Techniques: Introduction to lossy and lossless compression, Uniquely

Decodable codes, Prefix codes, Kraft McMillan Inequality, Huffman coding, Adaptive

Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, Adaptive Dictionary (LZW) algorithm, Context based

compression (The Burrow Wheeler Transform ), Applications of lossless compression: text and

images.

UNIT – II

Lossy Compression Techniques: Basics of lossless compression, scalar quantization: uniform,

non-uniform and entropy coded quantization. Vector quantization: LBG algorithm, Tree

structured VQ, Structured VQ, Differential encoding: Prediction in DPCM, Adaptive DPCM,

Delta Modulation.

UNIT – III

Transform Coding: Transforms – KLT, DCT, DST, DWHT, Quantization and coding of

transform coefficients. Wavelets: multi resolution analysis and scaling, embedded zero tree

coder, set partitioning in hierarchical trees.

UNIT – IV

Image and Audio Compression Standards: JPEG standard, JPEG 2000 standard, ADPCM in

speech coding, G.726 ADPCM, Linear predictive coding, CELP. MPEG audio compression

UNIT – V

Video Compression Techniques: Video compression based on motion compensation, search for

motion vectors, H.261, H.263, MPEG – 1 and MPEG – 2 video coding

Self-Study: Context based compression (The Burrow Wheeler Transform), entropy coded

quantization, Tree structured VQ, Structured VQ, Delta Modulation, DWHT, ADPCM in speech

coding, H.263, MPEG-4, MPEG-7

References:

1. K. Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression”, 3rd

Edition, Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd. &

Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2006.

54

2. Z. Li and M.S. Drew, “Fundamentals of Multimedia,” Pearson Education (Asia) Pvt. Ltd.,

2004.

3. D. Salomon, “Data Compression: The Complete Reference,” Springer, 2000.

4. N. Jayant and P. Noll, “Digital Coding of Waveforms: Principles and Applications to Speech

and Video,” Prentice Hall, USA, 1984.

Course Outcomes:

1. Describe coding and decoding text message using Huffman, arithmetic and dictionary based

methods (POs: 3, 4)

2. Differentiate between scalar and vector quantizer and predictive coding. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Apply DCT, DWT, EZW, and SPIHT compression algorithms for images. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Illustrate JPEG, JPEG 2000, CELP and MPEG-1 audio standards. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Differentiate different video standards. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

55

AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS



Course Coordinator: Mrs. Flory Francis

UNIT – I

Automotive Fundamentals Overview – Four stroke cycle, Engine control, Ignition system,

Spark plug, Spark pulse generation, Ignition timing, Drive train, Transmission, Brakes steering

system, Battery, Starting system, Air/Fuel system - Fuel handling, Air intake system, Air/Fuel

management.

UNIT – II

Sensors: Oxygen (O2/EGO) sensors, Throttle position sensor (TPS), Engine crankshaft angular

position (CKP) sensor, Magnetic reluctance position sensor, Engine speed sensor, Ignition timing

sensor, Hall effect position sensor, ShiECSedfiECS sensor, Optical crankshaft position sensor,

Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor - Strain gauge and capacitor capsule, Engine coolant

temperature (ECT) sensor, Intake air temperature (IAT) sensor, Knock sensor, Airflow rate

sensor, Throttle angle sensor.

UNIT – III

Actuators: Fuel meeting actuator, Fuel injector, Ignition actuator. Exhaust after treatment

systems: Air, Catalytic converter, Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), Evaporative emission

systems. Electronic engine control: Engine parameters, Variables, Engine performance terms,

Electronic fuel control systems, Electronic ignition controls, Idle speed control, EGR control.

UNIT – IV

Communication: Serial data, Communication systems, Protection, Body and chassis electrical

systems, Remote keyless entry, GPS.

Vehicle Motion Control: Cruise control, Chassis, Power brakes, Antilock brake systems,

(ABS), Electronic steering control, Power steering, Traction control, Electronically controlled

suspension.

Automotive Instrumentation: Sampling, Measurement and signal conversion of various

parameters.

56

UNIT – V

Integrated Body: Climate control systems, Electronic HVAC systems, Safety systems - SIR,

Interior safety, lighting, Entertainment systems.

Automotive Diagnostics: Timing light, Engine analyser, On-board diagnostics, off-board

diagnostics, Expert systems.

Future Automotive Electronic Systems: Alternative fuel engines, Collision avoidance radar

warning systems, Low tire pressure warning system, Navigation, advanced driver information

system.

Self-Study: Air/Fuel system fuel handling, air intake system, air/fuel management, knock

sensor, airflow rate sensor, throttle angle sensor, fuel meeting actuator, fuel injector, ignition

actuator, protection, remote keyless entry, traction control, safety systems, interior safety,

lighting, entertainment systems, alternative fuel engines.

References:

1. William B. Ribbens, “Understanding Automotive Electronics”, 6th

Edition, SAMS/Elsevier

Publishing, 2003.

2. Robert Bosch Gmbh, “Automotive Electrics, Automotive Electronics Systems and

Components”, 5th

Edition, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2007.

Course Outcomes:

1. Explain the automotive fundamentals and systems (PO: 3)

2. Identify and select sensors and actuators for different applications (PO: 1)

3. Analyze exhaust after-treatment systems, engine control systems and ignition control systems

using electronics (PO: 3)

4. Apply knowledge of electronics in vehicle motion control systems and automotive

instrumentation (POs: 1, 3)

5. Describe automotive diagnostics and future automotive electronic systems (PO: 1)

57

NANOELECTRONICS


Prerequisites: Analog Electronics Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Mrs. A. R. Priyarenjini

UNIT – I

Introduction to Nanotechnology and Fabrication of Nanostructures: Overview of nano

science and engineering, Classification of Nanostructures, Electronic properties of atoms and

solids: Isolated atom, Bonding between atoms, Giant molecular solids, Free electron models and

energy bands, crystalline solids, Periodicity of crystal lattices, Electronic conduction, effects of

nanometer length, Effects of the nanometer length scale on electronic, magnetic, optical and

mechanical properties, Fabrication methods, Top down and Bottom up processes, Milling,

lithography, CVD, MBE, MOVPE, Colloidal methods, Self-assembly and self-organization.

UNIT – II

Characterization Methodology for Nanostructures: Characterization methods, Electron

microscopy, SEM and TEM, Scanning probe techniques, STM and AFM, Optical measurements,

Photoluminescence, cathode luminescence, Different methods for surface analysis and depth

profiling, Techniques for measurement of mechanical properties, electron transport properties,

magnetic and thermal properties.

UNIT – III

Semiconductor Nanostructures: Quantum confinement in semiconductor nanostructures,

quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots, super lattices, Band offsets, Electronic density of

states in 3D,2D and 1D systems, Requirements for semiconductor nanostructures, Epitaxial

growth of quantum wells, strain induced dots and wires, Modulation doping, quantum Hall

effect, Resonant tunneling.

UNIT – IV

Applications of Semiconductor Nanostructures: Applications of semiconductor

nanostructures, injection lasers, quantum cascade lasers, QWIPs – biological tagging, optical

memories, Coulomb blockade, single electron transistors, photonic structures, impact of

nanotechnology on conventional electronics.

UNIT – V

Nanomagnetic Materials and Devices: Classification, magneto resistance, Giant magneto

resistance, tunneling magneto resistance, applications, spin valves, magnetic tunnel junctions,

58

magnetic force microscope, Qubits, elements of quantum information theory, quantum cellular

automata.

References:

1. Robert W Kelsall, “Nanoscale Science and Technology”, 1st Edition, John Wiley, 2005.

2. Charles P. Poole Jr. and Frank J Owens, “Introduction to Nanotechnology”, Wiley

Inter science, 2003.

3. William Goddard III, “Handbook of Nano science, Engineering and Technology”, 1st

Edition, CRC Press, 2003.

Course Outcomes:

1. Describe nanostructures and the effect of scaling at nano scale (POs: 3, 4)

2. Explain basics of fabrication and characterization techniques in nano scale (POs: 3, 4)

3. Describe the semiconductor nano structures like quantum wells, wires and dots and their

fabrication methods and learn the concept of excitons (POs: 3, 4)

4. Explain the concepts of Quantum Hall effect and quantization of resistance (POs: 3, 4)

5. Categorize the various applications of nano materials and devices. (POs: 3, 4)

59

CMOS VLSI DESIGN


Prerequisites: Physics of Semiconductor Devices Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Dr. M. Nagabhushan

UNIT – I

MOS Transistor Theory: n MOS / p MOS transistor, threshold voltage equation, body effect,

MOS device design equation, sub threshold region, Channel length modulation. mobility

variation, Tunneling, punch through, hot electron effect MOS models, small signal AC

Characteristics, CMOS inverter, βn / βp ratio, noise margin, static load MOS inverters,

differential inverter, transmission gate, tristate inverter, BiCMOS inverter.

UNIT – II

CMOS Process Technology: Lambda based Design rules, scaling factor, semiconductor

Technology overview, basic CMOS technology, p well / n well / twin well process. Current

CMOS enhancement (oxide isolation, LDD. refractory gate, multilayer inter connect), Circuit

elements, resistor, capacitor, interconnects, sheet resistance & standard unit capacitance concepts

delay unit time, inverter delays, driving capacitive loads, propagate delays, MOS mask layer,

stick diagram, design rules and layout, symbolic diagram, mask feints, scaling of MOS circuits.

UNIT – III

Basics of Digital CMOS Design: Combinational MOS Logic circuits: Introduction, CMOS

logic circuits with a MOS load, CMOS logic circuits, complex logic circuits, Transmission Gate.

Sequential MOS logic Circuits: Introduction, Behavior of bi stable elements, SR latch Circuit,

clocked latch and Flip Flop Circuits, CMOS D latch and triggered Flip Flop. Dynamic Logic

Circuits: Introduction, principles of pass transistor circuits, Voltage boot strapping synchronous

dynamic circuit techniques, Dynamic CMOS circuit techniques.

UNIT – IV

Dynamic CMOS and Clocking: Introduction, advantages of CMOS over NMOS, CMOS SOS

technology, CMOS bulk technology, latch up in bulk CMOS, static CMOS design, Domino

CMOS structure and design, Charge sharing, Clocking- clock generation, clock distribution,

clocked storage elements.

UNIT – V

Circuit Simulation: Introduction, Spice tutorials, Device models, Device characterization,

circuit characterization, Simulation mismatches, Monte carlo simulation

60

References:

1. Neil Weste and K. Eshragian, “Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective,”

2nd

Edition, Pearson Education (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., 2000.

2. David A Hodges, Horace G Jackson and Resve A Saleh “Analysis and Design of Digital

Integrated Circuits in Deep Sub-micron Technology”, 3rd


3. Jan M Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan and Borivoje Nikolic, “Digital Integrated Circuits: A

Design Perspective”, 2nd


4. Sung Mo Kang and Yosuf Leblebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and

Design”, 3rd

Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Course Outcomes:

1. Understand the structure of MOS and its electrical behavior and solve simple problems

involving MOS device design equations (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Understand the MOS fabrication process including oxidation, ion implantations, and

problems in current CMOS fabrication process and suggest remedies (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Plan the CMOS layout of basic combinational and sequential logic blocks using appropriate

design rules and verify the schematic of a given CMOS circuit with its layout (POs: 3, 4)

4. Design CMOS circuits for a given digital logic circuit including Adder, Multipliers, Latches

and registers with logic structures including Domino logic and Clocked CMOS logic

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Analyze a given CMOS circuit for its timing characteristics, to calculate and simulate for its

switching characteristics including rise time, fall time, its delay characteristics including

propagation delay, inertial delay, its setup and hold time (POs: 3, 4)

61

SIMULATION, MODELING AND ANALYSIS



Course Coordinator: Mr. S. L. Gangadharaiah

UNIT – I

Basic Simulation Modeling: Nature of simulation, System models, discrete event simulation,

Single server simulation, Alternative approaches, Other types of simulation.

UNIT– II

Building Valid, Credible and Detailed Simulation Models: Techniques for increasing model

validity and credibility, comparing real world observations.

UNIT – III

Selecting Input Probability Distributions: Useful probability distributions, Assessing sample

independence, Activity – I, II and III, Model of arrival process.

UNIT – IV

Random Number Generators: Linear congruential, Other kinds, Testing number generators,

Random variate generation: Approaches, Continuous random variates, discrete random variates,

Correlated random variates.

UNIT – V

Output Data Analysis: Statistical analysis for term initiating simulation, Analysis for steady

state parameters, Comparing alternative system configuration, Confidence interval, Variance

reduction techniques, Arithmetic and control variates.

References:

1. Averill Law, “Simulation modeling and analysis”, 4th


2. Jerry Banks, “Discrete event system simulation”, Pearson Education, 2009.

3. Seila Ceric and Tadikamalla, “Applied simulation modeling”, Cengage Publishing, 2009.

4. George. S. Fishman, “Discrete event simulation”, Springer, 2001.

5. Frank L. Severance, “System modeling and simulation”, Wiley, 2009.

Course Outcomes:

1. Describe the basic concepts in modeling and simulation (POs: 1, 3)

2. Classify various simulation models and give practical examples for each category (POs: 3, 4)

62

3. Construct a model for a given set of data and motivate its validity (POs: 1, 3)

4. Generate and test random number variates and apply them to develop simulation models

(POs: 1, 2, 3)

5. Analyze the output data produced by a model and test validity of the model (POs: 1, 2, 3, 4)

63

BROADBAND WIRELESS NETWORKS


Prerequisites: Wireless Communication Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Dr. T. D. Senthilkumar

UNIT – I

WiMAX Genesis and Framework: IEEE 802.16 Standard From 802.16-2004 to 802.16e,

WiMAX Forum, WiMAX Forum Working Groups,WiMAX Forum White Papers, WiMAX

Products Certification,WiMAX Certified Products, Predicted Products and Deployment

Evolution, Product Types, Products and Deployment Timetable, Other 802.16 Standards, The

Korean Cousin: WiBro

Protocol Layers & Topologies –The Protocol Layers of WiMAX Convergence Sub layer

(CS),Medium Access Control Common Part Sub layer (MAC CPS), Security Sub layer, Physical

Layer, Single Carrier (SC) and OFDM, Network Management Reference Model, WiMAX

Topologies.

UNIT – II

Frequency Utilization and System Profiles: The Cellular Concept, Sectorisation, Cluster Size

Considerations, Handover, WiMAX System Profiles

WiMAX Physical Layer: OFDM Transmission, Basic Principle: Use the IFFT Operator, Time

Domain & Frequency Domain OFDM Considerations, OFDM Symbol Parameters and Some

Simple Computations , Physical Slot (PS) , Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) , OFDMA and

Its Variants, Subcarrier Permutations in WiMAX OFDMA PHY.802.16 transmission chains.

UNIT – III

WiMAX MAC and QoS: CS layer, MAC function and frames, Introduction, MAC Addresses

and MAC Frames, MAC Header Format, MAC Sub-headers and Special Payloads,

Fragmentation, Packing and Concatenation, Basic, Primary and Secondary Management

Connections, User Data and MAC Management Messages, TLV Encoding in the 802.16

Standard, TLV Encoding Sets, Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), ARQ Feedback Format,

Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) mechanism, Scheduling and Link Adaptation

UNIT – IV

Multiple Access and Burst Profile: Duplexing – FDD, TDD Mode, Transmission of Downlink

and Uplink Sub frames, OFDM PHY Downlink Sub frame, OFDM PHY Uplink Sub frame,

OFDMA PHY Frame, Frame Duration, Preambles, Maps of Multiple Access: DL-MAP and UL-

64

MAP, DL-MAP Message, UL-MAP Message, OFDMA PHY UL-MAP and DL-MAP Messages,

Burst Profile Usage: DCD Message and the DIUC Indicator, Burst Profile Selection Thresholds,

DCD (Downlink Channel Descriptor) Message, Transmission of the DCD Message, An Example

of the DCD Message, DIUC Values, UCD (Uplink Channel Descriptor) Message and UIUC

Indicator, Mesh Frame, Network Control Sub frame, Schedule Control Sub frame.

Uplink Bandwidth Allocation and Request Mechanisms: Types of Uplink Access Grant-

request, Uplink Access Grant-request mechanisms, Contention-based Focused Bandwidth

Request in OFDM PHY

UNIT – V

Radio Resource Management: Radio Engineering Consideration for WiMAX systems, Radio

Resource Management Procedures, Advanced Antenna Technologies in WiMAX, Multicast

Broadcast Services (MBS), Multi-BS Access MBS, MBS Frame.

WiMAX Architecture: Need for a Standardized WiMAX, High-level Architecture

requirements, Network Reference Model, Network Functionalities

References:

1. Loutfi Nuyami, “WiMAX – Technology for broadband access”, John Wiley, 2007.

2. Yan Zhang, Hsia-Hwa Chen, “Mobile WiMAX”, Aurobech Publications, 2008.

Course Outcomes:

1. Identify the different protocols and topologies in wireless networks. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

2. Discuss the basics of cellular concepts and physical layer specifications of WiMAX.

(POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

3. Describe the MAC layer responsibilities and its frame format. (POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

4. Employ the various multiple access techniques for efficient spectrum allocation and

utilization (POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

5. Describe the functional blocks of WiMax architecture and RF resource management.

(POs: 1, 2, 3, 5)

65

SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION




UNIT – I

Direct Sequence Systems: Definitions and concepts, Spreading sequences and waveforms,

systems with BPSK modulation, Quaternary systems, pulsed interference, De-spreading with

Bandpass Matched Filters, Rejection of Narrow-band Interference

UNIT – II

Frequency Hopping Systems: Concepts and Characteristics, Frequency Hopping with

Orthogonal FSK, Frequency Hopping with CPM and DPSK, Hybrid Systems, Codes for Partial

Band Interference, Frequency Synthesizers

UNIT – III

Fading and Diversity: Path Loss, Shadowing, and Fading, Time Selective Fading, Spatial

Diversity and Fading, Frequency selective fading, Channel Impulse Response, Diversity for

Fading Channels, Rake Demodulator, Diversity and Spread Spectrum, Multicarrier Direct-

Sequence Systems, MC-CDMA System, DS-CDMA System with Frequency Domain

Equalization

UNIT – IV

Code Division Multiple Access and Frequency Hopping Multiple Access: Spreading

Sequences for DS/CDMA- Systems with Random Spreading Sequences, Cellular Networks and

Power Control, Frequency hopping Multiple Access

UNIT– V

Detection of Spread Spectrum Signals: Multiuser detectors, Detection of Spread Spectrum

Signals, Detection of Direct Sequence Signals, Estimation of Noise Power, Detection of

Frequency hopping signals

References:

1. Don Torrieri, “Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems”, 2nd

Edition,

Springer Verlag, 2005.

2. Robert C. Dixion, “Spread Spectrum Systems with Commercial Applications”, 3rd

Edition,

John Wiley and Sons, 1994.

66

3. Andrew J. Viterbi, “Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication”, Addison Wesley

Publishing Company, 1995.

Course Outcomes:

1. Employ the spreading and de-spreading principle in direct sequence spread spectrum based

communication systems (POs: 1, 2, 3)

2. Describe the importance of frequency synthesizers in the generation of frequency hopped

signals (POs: 1, 2, 3)

3. Analyze the significance of rake receiver in combating the effect of multi-path fading in

CDMA systems (POs: 1, 2, 3)

4. Describe the importance of power control technique in CDMA system to solve the near-far

problems (POs: 1, 2, 3)

5. Employ the concepts of multiuser detection in demodulation of direct sequence spread

spectrum and frequency hopping signals (POs: 1, 2, 3)

67

RF MEMS


Prerequisites: Microwave and VLSI Circuits Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Mrs. Lakshmi S

UNIT– I

Foundation of MEMS: Multi-disciplinary aspects, Application areas, Scaling Laws in

miniaturization, scaling in geometry, electrostatics, electromagnetic, electricity and heat transfer.

Transduction Principles in MEMS Sensors: Microsensors – thermal, radiation, mechanical,

magnetic and bio-sensors, Actuators: Different actuation mechanisms - silicon capacitive

accelerometer, piezo-resistive pressure sensor, conductometric gas sensor, silicon micro-mirror

arrays, piezo-electric based inkjet print head, electrostatic comb-drive and magnetic micro relay,

portable clinical analyzer.

UNIT – II

Micromanufacturing and Material Processing: Silicon wafer processing, lithography, thin-

film deposition, etching (wet and dry), wafer-bonding, and metallization, Silicon

micromachining: surface, bulk, LIGA process.

UNIT – III

Electrical and Electronics Aspects: Electrostatics, Coupled Electro mechanics, stability and

Pull-in phenomenon, Practical signal conditioning Circuits for Microsystems.

Mechanical Concepts: Mechanical concepts, stress and strain, Flexural beam bending analysis

under Simple loading conditions analysis of beams under simple loading, Resonant frequency

and quality factor.

UNIT – IV

RF MEMS Switches and Micro – relays: Switch Parameters, Basics of Switching, Switches

for RF and microwave Applications, Actuation mechanisms, micro relays and micro actuators,

Dynamics of Switch operation, RF Design. MEMS Inductors and capacitors: Effect of inductor

layout, reduction of stray capacitance of planar inductors, approaches for improving quality

factor, Modeling and design issues of planar inductors. MEMS capacitor: gap tuning and area

tuning and dielectric tunable capacitors.

UNIT–V

Micromachined RF Filters and Phase Shifters: RF Filters, Modeling of Mechanical Filters,

Micromachanical Filters, Micromachined Filters for Millimeter Wave frequencies,

Micromachined Phase Shifters, Types and Limitations, MEMS and Ferroelectric Phase shifters,

68

Applications, Micromachined antennas: Design, Fabrication and Measurements.

Self-Study: Active noise control, bonding based process flows, coupled domain concepts, RF

Design of switches and associated circuitry, approaches for improving quality factor of micro

machined inductors, SAW filters, Resonators and Filters, Reliability issues and thermal issues in

packaging micromachined devices.

References:

1. G. K. Ananthasuresh, K. J. Vinoy, S. Gopalakrishnan, K. N. Bhat, V. K. Aatre, “Micro and

Smart Systems”, Wiley India, 2010.

2. V K Varadan, K J Vinoy, K. A. Jose, ―RF MEMS”, John Wiley, 2003.

3. J De Los Santos, “RF MEMS Circuit Design”, Artech House, 2002

Course Outcomes:

1. Analyze the functionality of microsystems. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Describe the various fabrication concepts of MEMs. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Describe the electrical and electronics concepts of microsystems. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Design RF MEMS switches, inductors and capacitors. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Analyze the operation of RF MEMS filters and phase shifter. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

69

PATTERN RECOGNITION AND ANALYSIS


Prerequisites: Signal Processing Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Prof. K. Indira

UNIT – I

Introduction to Probability and Decision Theory: Probability Theory: Probability densities,

Expectations and covariances, Bayesian probabilities, Gaussian distribution, Bayesian curve

fitting.

Decision Theory: Minimizing the misclassification rate, the expected loss, the reject option,

inference and decision, loss functions for regression.

UNIT – II

Probability Distributions: Binary variables, Multinomial Variables, Gaussian distribution:

Conditional and Marginal Gaussian distribution, Bayes‟ theorem for Gaussian variables,

Maximum likelihood for the Gaussian, Sequential estimation, Bayesian inference for the

Gaussian and Mixtures of Gaussians

Non-parametric Methods: Kernel density estimators and Nearest-neighbor methods.

UNIT – III

Linear Models for Classification: Discriminant functions: Two classes, multiple classes, Least

squares for classification, Fisher‟s linear discriminant, Relation to least squares, the Perceptron

algorithm.

Probabilistic Generative Models: Continuous inputs, Maximum likelihood solution, discrete

features and exponential family.

UNIT – IV

Neural Networks: Feed Forward Network functions: Weight Space Symmetries. Network

Training: Parameter optimization, Local quadratic approximation, use of gradient information,

gradient descent optimization.

Error Back Propagation: Evaluation of error function derivatives, a simple example,

Efficiency of backpropagation

70

UNIT – V

Linear Transformations and Dimensionality Reduction: Basis vectors and Images, Singular

Value Decomposition, Independent component analysis, Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction,

Discrete Fourier transform, Template Matching: Measures based on Optimal Path Search,

Measures based on correlations, Deformable Template Models.

Self-Study: Probability Theory: Probability densities, Expectations and covariances, Bayes‟

theorem for Gaussian variables, Maximum likelihood for the Gaussian, Fisher‟s Linear

discriminant, Relation to least squares, A simple example of error back propagation, Efficiency

of back propagation, Basis vectors and images, Singular Value Decomposition.

References:

1. C Bishop, “Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning”, Springer, 2006.

2. S Theodoridis and K Koutroumbas, “Pattern Recognition”, 4th

Edition, Academic Press,

2009.

3. Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, David G.Stork, “Pattern Classification”, 2nd

Edition,

JohnWiley, 2000.

4. Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonburg and Steve Joust, “Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis”,

Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

5. S Theodoridis and K Koutroumbas, “An Introduction to Pattern Recognition: A Matlab

Approach”, Elsevier Publications, 2010.

Course Outcomes:

1. Define probability densities and Bayes Theorem (POs: 3, 4)

2. Apply Bayes theorem for pattern classification (POs: 3, 4)

3. Define various classifiers (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Apply Neural Network for pattern classification (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Apply linear transformation for dimensionality reduction (POs: 1, 3, 4)

71

IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING


Prerequisites: Signal Processing Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Prof. K. Indira

UNIT – I

Introduction to 2D Systems: 2D systems, Mathematical preliminaries – Fourier Transform, Z

Transform, Optical & Modulation transfer function, Matrix theory, Random signals, Discrete

Random fields, Spectral density function, 2D sampling theory, Limitations in sampling &

reconstruction, Quantization, Optimal quantizer, Compander, Visual quantization.

UNIT – II

Image Transforms: Introduction, 2D orthogonal & unitary transforms, Properties of unitary

transforms, DFT, DCT, DST, Hadamard, Haar, Slant, KLT, SVD transform.

UNIT – III

Image Enhancement: Point operations, Histogram modeling, spatial operations, Transform

operations, Multi-spectral image enhancement, false color and Pseudo-color, Color Image

enhancement.

UNIT – IV

Image Filtering and Restoration: Image observation models, Inverse & Wiener filtering,

Fourier Domain filters, Smoothing splines and interpolation, Least squares filters, generalized

inverse, SVD and Iterative methods, Maximum entropy restoration, Bayesian methods,

Coordinate transformation & geometric correction, Blind de-convolution.

UNIT – V

Image Analysis, Computer Vision and Video Processing: Spatial feature extraction,

Transform features, Edge detection, Boundary Extraction, Boundary representation, Region

representation, Moment representation, Structure, Shape features, Texture, Scene matching

&detection, Image segmentation, Classification Techniques. Representation of Digital Video –

Analog and digital video, Models for time-varying images, time-space sampling, conversion

between sampling structures.

References:

1. A. K. Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing", Pearson Education (Asia) Pvt. Ltd. /

Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

72

2. M. Sonka, V. Hlavac, R. Boyle, “Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision”, 3rd

Edition, Thomson – Brooks Cole, 1999.

3. Z. Li and M.S. Drew, “Fundamentals of Multimedia”, Pearson Education (Asia) Pvt Ltd.,

2004.

4. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, 3rd

Edition, Pearson Education

(Asia) Pvt. Ltd/Prentice Hall of India, 2009.

5. William K. Pratt, “Digital Image Processing”, Wiley Interscience, 2007.

6. M. Tekalp, “Digital Video Processing”, Prentice Hall, USA, 1995.

Course Outcomes:

1. Analyze the effect of sampling and quantization on an N x N image (POs: 3, 4)

2. Describe various unitary transforms.(POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Design image enhancement technique using histogram modeling (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Evaluate the methodologies for image filtering and restoration.(POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Apply image processing algorithms for segmentation, classification and digital video (POs:

1, 3, 4)

73

ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORKS


Prerequisites: Computer Communication Networks Contact Hours: 42

Course Coordinator: Mrs. Sarala S M

UNIT – I

Introduction: Computer network, Telephone networks, networking principles.

Multiple access: Multiplexing – FDM, TDM, SM.

UNIT – II

Local Area Networks: Ethernet, Token ring, FDDI

Switching - Circuit switching, Packet switching, Multicasting.

Scheduling: Performance bounds, Best effort disciplines, Naming and addressing, Protocol

stack, SONET, SDH.

UNIT – III

ATM Networks: AAL, Virtual circuits, SSCOP

Internet - Addressing, Routing, Endpoint control.

UNIT – IV

Internet Protocol: IP, TCP, UDP, ICMP, HTTP

Traffic Management: Models, Classes, Scheduling

UNIT – V

Control of Networks: QoS, Static and dynamic routing, Markov chains, Queuing models,

Bellman Ford and Dijkstra's algorithm, Window and rate congestion control, Large deviations of

a queue and network, Open and closed loop flow control, Control of ATM networks.

References:

1. J. Walrand and P. Varaya, “High Performance Communication Networks”, Harcourt Asia

(Morgan Kaufmann), 2000.

2. S. Keshav, “An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking”, Pearson Education, 1997.

3. A. Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, “Communication Networks: Fundamental Concepts and Key

Architectures”, TMH, 2000.

4. J. F. Kurose, and K. W. Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach featuring the

Internet”, Pearson Education, 2001.

74

Course Outcomes:

1. Demonstrate knowledge of basic networking concepts and multiplexing (POs: 3, 4)

2. Explain the basic model of local area networks, switched networks and scheduling

(POs: 3, 4)

3. Appreciate the various concepts of ATM Networks and Internet (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Analyze different internet protocols and traffic management (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Discuss the control of networks (POs: 3, 4)

75

ADVANCES IN VLSI DESIGN


Prerequisites: VLSI Design Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Mr. Manjunath C. Lakkannavar

UNIT – I

Review of MOS Circuits: MOS and CMOS static plots, switches, comparison between CMOS

and BI – CMOS, MESFETS: MESFET and MODFET operations, quantitative description of

MESFETS, MIS Structures and MOSFETS: MIS systems in equilibrium, under bias, small

signal operation of MESFETS and MOSFETS

UNIT– II

Short Channel Effects and Challenges to CMOS: Short channel effects, scaling theory,

processing challenges to further CMOS miniaturization Beyond CMOS: Evolutionary advances

beyond CMOS, carbon nano tubes, conventional vs. tactile computing, computing, molecular

and biological computing Mole electronics-molecular diode and diode- diode logic, Defect

tolerant computing.

UNIT – III

Super Buffers, Bi-CMOS and Steering Logic: Introduction, RC delay lines, super buffers- An

NMOS super buffer, tri state super buffer and pad drivers, CMOS super buffers, Dynamic ratio

less inverters, large capacitive loads, pass logic, designing of transistor logic, General functional

blocks - NMOS and CMOS functional blocks.

UNIT – IV

Special Circuit Layouts and Technology Mapping: Introduction, Talley circuits, NAND-

NAND, NOR- NOR, and AOI Logic, NMOS, CMOS Multiplexers, Barrel shifter, Wire routing

and module layout.

UNIT – V

System Design: CMOS design methods, structured design methods, Strategies encompassing

hierarchy, regularity, modularity & locality, CMOS Chip design Options, programmable logic,

Programmable inter connect, programmable structure, Gate arrays standard cell approach, Full

custom design.

76

References:

1. Kevin F Brenan “Introduction to Semiconductor Devices”, 1st Edition, Cambridge University

Press, 2005.

2. Eugene D Fabricius “Introduction to VLSI Design”, McGraw-Hill International Publication,

1990.

3. D. A. Pucknell, K. Eshraghian, “Basic VLSI Design”, PHI, 1995.

4. Wayne Wolf, “Modern VLSI Design”, 2nd


Course Outcomes:

1. Recall the fundamentals and operation of MESFET, MODFET, MIS structure and MOSFET

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Design a digital circuit using CMOS logic such as Talley circuit, NAND-NAND, NOR-

NOR, AOI Logic (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Describe the concept of RC delay lines, super buffers, and large capacitive loads with respect

to CMOS VLSI (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Analyze performance issues and the inherent trade-offs involved in system design (i.e. power

vs. speed). (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Explain the concept of Carbon nanotubes, Molecular and Biological Computing, Defect

Tolerant Computing, and Programmable Logic (POs: 1, 3, 4)

77

ADVANCES IN RADAR SYSTEMS


Prerequisites: Radar Contact Hours: 56

Course Coordinator: Ms. Akkamahadevi M B

UNIT – I

Introduction: Range equation, Transmitter and Receiver parameters, Model and types of

Radars.

UNIT – II

Radar Signal Transmission: Transmitted waveforms (time and frequency domains), Energy,

Radar signal analysis using autocorrelation and Hilbert transform, Pulse compression.

UNIT – III

Clutter: Properties, reduction, coding and chirp.

Radar Antennas: Reflector types, Sidelobe control, Arrays - Array factor and beamwidth,

Synthetic aperture, adaptive antennas.

Propagation effects: Multipath, Low altitude, Ionosphere.

UNIT – IV

Radar Networks: Matched filter response and noise consideration.

Data Processing: FFT, Digital MTI, Tracking, Plot track.

UNIT – V

Applications: Secondary surveillance, Bistatic, Multistatic, Over the Horizon, Remote sensing,

Meteorological radars and Millimeter-wave radars.

References:

1. Meril I. Skolnik, “Radar handbook”, 3rd

Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, 2008

2. M. J. B. Scanlan, “Modern Radar Techniques”, Macmillan Publishing, 1987.

3. Peyton Z. Peebles, “Radar Principles”, John Wiley & Sons Limited, 2002.

78

Course Outcomes:

1. Identify the main parameters of transmitter and receiver that influence the operation of radar.

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

2. Analyze the radar signals in terms of energy content, autocorrelation, Hilbert transform and

pulse compression techniques. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

3. Identify the different properties of clutter and propagation effects and methods to combat

them. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

4. Demonstrate different types of radar antennas and radar signal processing methods.

(POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Discuss the applications of radar. (POs: 1, 3, 4)

79

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESGN USING DSP


Prerequisites: Analog & Digital Communication Contact Hours: 42


UNIT – I

Introduction: Digital filters, Discrete time convolution and frequency responses, FIR filters -

Using circular buffers to implement FIR filters in C and using DSP hardware, Interfacing C and

assembly functions, Linear assembly code and the assembly optimizer. IIR filters - realization

and implementation, FFT and power spectrum estimation: DTFT window function, DFT and

IDFT, FFT, Using FFT to implement power spectrum.

UNIT – II

Analog Modulation Schemes: Amplitude Modulation - Theory, generation and demodulation of

AM, Spectrum of AM signal, Envelope detection and square law detection, Hilbert transform

and complex envelope, DSP implementation of amplitude modulation and demodulation.

DSBSC: Theory, generation of DSBSC, Demodulation, and demodulation using coherent

detection and Costas loop, Implementation of DSBSC using DSP hardware.

SSB: Theory, SSB modulators, Coherent demodulator, Frequency translation, Implementation

using DSP hardware.

UNIT – III

Frequency Modulation: Theory, Single tone FM, Narrow band FM, FM bandwidth, FM

demodulation, Discrimination and PLL methods, Implementation using DSP hardware.

UNIT – IV

Digital Modulation Schemes: PRBS, and data scramblers: Generation of PRBS, Self-

synchronizing data scramblers, Implementation of PRBS and data scramblers. RS-232C protocol

and BER tester: The protocol, error rate for binary signaling on the Gaussian noise channels,

Three bit error rate tester and implementation.

UNIT – V

PAM: PAM theory, baseband pulse shaping and ISI, Implementation of transmit filter and

interpolation filter bank. Simulation and theoretical exercises for PAM, Hardware exercises for

PAM.

80

QAM: Basic QAM transmitter, 2 constellation examples, QAM structures using passband

shaping filters, Ideal QAM demodulation, QAM experiment. QAM receivers - Clock recovery

and other frontend sub-systems, Equalizers and carrier recovery systems.

Experiment for QAM Receiver Frontend: Adaptive equalizer, Phase splitting, fractionally

spaced equalizer. Decision directed carrier tracking, Blind equalization, Complex cross coupled

equalizer and carrier tracking experiment, Echo cancellation for full duplex modems:

Multicarrier modulation, ADSL architecture, Components of simplified ADSL transmitter, a

simplified ADSL receiver, Implementing simple ADSL Transmitter and Receiver.

References:

1. Steven A. Tretter, “Communication System Design using DSP Algorithms with Laboratory

Experiments for the TMS320C6713DSK”, Springer, 2008.

2. Vinay Ingle, John Proakis, “Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB”, Cengage Learning,

2011.

3. John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, and Gerhard Bauch, “Contemporary Communication

Systems using MATLAB and Simulink”, 2nd

Edition, Thomson-Brooks/Cole, 2004.

Course Outcomes:

1. Employ C and assembly functions in the implementation of filters and Fourier transforms,

using DSP hardware (POs: 3, 4)

2. Apply amplitude modulation concepts in the DSP implementation of AM/DSB transceiver

(POs: 3, 4)

3. Demonstrate the DSP hardware implementation of frequency modulation scheme (POs: 3, 4)

4. Analyze the bit error rate performance of the binary modulation receiver (POs: 1, 3, 4)

5. Demonstrate the function of QAM transmitter and receiver hardware (POs: 1, 3, 4)

81

RF AND MICROWAVE CIRCUIT DESIGN


Prerequisites: Microwave Circuits Contact Hours: 56


UNIT – I

Wave Propagation in Networks: Introduction, Reasons for using RF/Microwaves,

Applications, RF waves, RF and Microwave circuit design, Introduction to components basics,

Analysis of simple circuit phasor domain, RF impedance matching, Properties of waves,

transmission media, Micro strip lines, High frequency parameters, Formulation of S-parameters,

Properties, transmission matrix, Generalized S-parameters.

UNIT – II

Passive Circuit Design: Introduction, Smith chart, Scales, Application of Smith chart, Design of

matching networks, Definition of impedance matching, Matching using lumped and distributed

elements.

Basic Consideration in Active Networks and design of amplifiers, oscillators and detector:

Stability consideration, gain consideration, Noise consideration.

UNIT – III

Linear and Non-linear Design: Introduction, Types of amplifier, Design of different types of

amplifiers, Multi-stage small signal amplifiers,

Design of Transistor Oscillators: Oscillator versus Amplifier Design. Oscillation Conditions,

Design of Transistor Oscillators, Generator Tuning Networks.

UNIT – IV

RF/Microwave Frequency Conversion I: Rectifier and Detector Design: Detector losses,

Effect of Matching Network on the Voltage Sensitivity, detector design.

RF/Microwave Frequency Conversion II: Mixer Design: Mixers, Mixer types, Conversion

loss for SSB mixers, One-Diode (or Single-Ended) Mixers, Two-Diode Mixers, Four Diode

Mixers, Eight-Diode Mixers.

UNIT – V

RF/Microwave Control Circuit Design: Phase shifters, Digital phase shifters, Semiconductor

phase shifters, PIN Diode Attenuators

82

RF and microwave IC design, MICs, MIC materials, Types of MICs, Hybrid verses monolithic

MICs,

References:

1. Matthew M. Radmanesh, “RF and Microwave Electronics Illustrated”, Pearson Education,

2004.

2. Reinhold Ludwig, and Pavel Bretchko, “RF Circuit Design Theory and Applications”,

Pearson Education, 2004.

Course Outcomes:

1. Employ transmission line theory, S-parameters, and Smith chart for microwave circuit

analysis (POs: 3, 4)

2. Design passive microwave matching circuits (POs: 3, 4)

3. Design microwave amplifiers, oscillators, resonators and micro-strip circuits (POs: 3, 4)

4. Discuss features of active high-frequency matching networks, detector and mixer devices

(POs: 3, 4)

5. Design microwave ICs and hybrid ICs using MIC materials (POs: 3, 4)

curriculum for the batch 2017 2019 department … · mlce05 optical communication and networking 3...

Documents