curriculum and supervision

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CURRICULUM AND SUPERVISION (MAPE 200) Professor: Charles H. Nillos, Ph. D. Reporters: Abesar, Ramonito N. Paril , Rodel T.

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Page 1: Curriculum and supervision

CURRICULUM AND

SUPERVISION(MAPE 200)

Professor: Charles H. Nillos, Ph. D.

Reporters:

 

Abesar, Ramonito N.

Paril , Rodel T.

Page 2: Curriculum and supervision

Education is the most powerful

weapon which you can use to change

the world.-Nelson Mandela

Page 3: Curriculum and supervision

WHAT IS ?

a particular set of ideas about knowledge, truth , the nature and mening of life.

Philosophy

Page 4: Curriculum and supervision

WHAT IS ?

the field of study that deals mainly with methods of teaching and learning in school

Education

Page 5: Curriculum and supervision

WHAT IS ?

Derived from Latin word “ currere” means to run

In education , the course of race with time came to stand for course of study.

A set of course constituting an area of specialization.

Curriculum

Page 6: Curriculum and supervision

RELATIONSHIP OF PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION:

Philospohy and Education are two sides of the same coin.they are two flowers of one stem.

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It is the active aspect and practical means of realizing the ideals of life.

Education renews and re-builds the social structure in the patterns of philosphical ideals.

1. Education is the dynamic side of philosophy.

Relationship of Philosophy and Education:

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Education who deals with the real facts of life,while philosophy is the arm chair theorist who is busy in speculations.

2. Education is practical in nature and philosophy is theory.

Relationship of Philosophy and Education:

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Education as the modification of behavior, the direction in which modification to be carreid out is determine by philosophy.

3. Philosophy shows the way and education moves on in that direction.

Relationship of Philosophy and Education:

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4. Education is a laboratory where philosophic theories and speculation are tests and made concrete.

5. Philosophy is wisdom; Education transmits that wisdom from one generation to the other.

6. Philosophy formulates the methods, education its process.

Relationship of Philosophy and Education:

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PHILOSOPHY AND CURRICULUM

1. Philosophy is central to curriculum.2. Studying philosophy allows us to better

understanding school and its curricula.3. Philosophy is the beginning point in

curriculum decision making.4. Philosophy reflects one’s background and

experiences.5. Philoosophy may be defined as general

theory of education. It is a way of thinking that gives meaning to our lives( Dewey)

•Philosophy provides education, teachers and curriculum planners with, implementing and evaluating curriculum in shool.•It helps in answering what school are for, what subjects are important, how students should should learn , materials and methods should be used.

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EDUCATION AND CURRICULUM RELATIONSHIP

Content of what is taught along with an overall process of how that content is to be taught, and instruction being the more detailed plans and the way those plans are implemented in order to teach the curriculum content, it becomes easy to understand that the two must be compatible in order to maximize student learning.

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MAJOR PHILOSPHIES

The realistics idealism are spiritual , moral or mental unchanging

Approach that haas its central tenets that ideas are the only true reality.

Truth can be found through reasoning , intuition and religiuos revelation.

Teachers’ role is to bring latent knowledge and ideas to consciousness.

Teaching methods focus on handling ideas through lecture, discussion, and socratic dialogue.

Learning is an intellectual process that involves recalling and workin with ideas.

1. Idealism

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MAJOR PHILOSPHIES

In Idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individual’s abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society.

Curriculum is knowledge based and subject based.

The most important subjects are philosophy, theology and mathematics because they cultivate abstract thinking.

1. Idealism

Page 15: Curriculum and supervision

MAJOR PHILOSPHIES

It based on natural laws, objectives and composed of matter.

People can come to know the world through thier senses and their reasons.

Aristotle believed that everything had a purpose and human’s purpose is to think.

Teachers’ role: is to be moral and spiritual leader and to be an authority.

Learning is just exercising the mind, and logical thinking are highest form.

2. REALISM

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MAJOR PHILOSPHIES

The realist curriculum emphasizes the subject matter of physical world, particularly science and math.

Teaching methods focus on the mastery of facts and basic skills through demonstration and recitation.

Curriculum is knowledge based abd subject based.

Most important subject are humanistic and scientific subject.

2. REALISM

Page 17: Curriculum and supervision

MAJOR PHILOSPHIES

It is based on change, process and relativity. Learning occurs as the person engage in

problem solving. Bothe learners and environment are

constantly changing. Teachers’ role is to focus on critical thinking. Teaching is more exploratory than

explanatory. Curriculum was based on childs’ experience

and interest and also problem solving activities.

3. PRAGMATISM( EXPERIMENTALISM)

Page 18: Curriculum and supervision

MAJOR PHILOSPHIES

The nature of reality for Existintialsist is subjective and his within the individual.

A philosophy concerned with finding self and the meaning of the life through freewill, choice, and personal responsibility.

Teachers’ role is to cultivate personal choice and individual self-definition.

Teacher’s view the individual as an entity within a social context in which the learners must confornt other view to clarify his or her own..

4. Existentialism

Page 19: Curriculum and supervision

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

The oldest and most conservatitive educational philosophy.

It is rooted in realism and lies on the past and stresses traditional value.

The aim of education is to ensure that students acquire understandings about the great ideas of western civilization.

The focus is to teach ideas that are everlasting, to seek enduring truth which are constant, and are not changing.

1. PERENNIALISM

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EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

The demanding curriculum focuses on attaining cultural literacy, streesing students grwoth in enduring disciplines.

Curriculum is subject centered and constant..

It emphasizes the great works of literature and art, the laws or principle of science.

1. PERENNIALISM

Page 21: Curriculum and supervision

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

Traditional and conservatives philosophy based on idealism and realism.

This approach was in reaction to progressivist appraches.

Believe that there is a common core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted to students in a systematic ,disciplined way.

The core of the curriculum is essential knowledge and skills and academic rigor.

Essentialist accept the idea that this core curriculum may change.

2. ESSENTIALISM

Page 22: Curriculum and supervision

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

Schooling should be practical, preparing students to become valuable members of society.

Teachers are to help students keep their non –productive instinct in check, such as aggression or mindlessness.

Student should be taught hard work, rspect for authority and discipline.

2. ESSENTIALISM

Page 23: Curriculum and supervision

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

It developed from pragmatism philosophy. Progressivist believe that education

should focus on the whole child rather than on the content or the teacher.

The learner is a problem solves and thinker who makes meaning through his or her individual experience in the physical and cultural context.

It emphasizes how, to think, not what to think.

Curriculum content is derived from student interest and questions

3. PROGRESSIVISM

Page 24: Curriculum and supervision

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

John Dewey was its foremost proponents .

One of his tenets was that the school should improve the way of life of a citizen through expriencing freedom and democracy in schools.

Shared decision making, planning of teachers with students, students selected topics are all aspects. Books are tools rather than authority.

3. PROGRESSIVISM

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EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

It is opposed to:1. Rote learning2. Authoritarian teaching3. Over reliance on textbook

methods4. Intimidation or corporal

punishment.

3. PROGRESSIVISM

Page 26: Curriculum and supervision

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

Based on socialist ideas. Reconstructiovist educators focus on the

curriculum that highlights social reform as the aim of education.

According to Brameld, the founder of social reconstructiovism,students and teacher must improve society.

Curriculum must be transformed in keepin with a new social-economic-political education.

Society is always changing and the curriculum has to cahnge.

4. RECONSTRUCTIONISM

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EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

For social reconstructiovist, critical theorist curriculum focuses on students experience and taking social action on treal problems, such as violence, hunger, international terroirsm and inflation.

4. RECONSTRUCTIONISM

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CONCLUSION: Curriculum as a field of study with its

own methods, theories, and ways of solving problemm has influenced by history and philosophy.

We believe that no single philosophy,old or new, should guide decision about shool and curriculum

Curriculum planners need to help improve and design school practices in harmony with history of curriculum and philosopy of the school and community.

Page 29: Curriculum and supervision

MAJOR EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

PERENNIALISM

IDEALISM REALISM PRAGMATISM(EXPERIMENTALI

SM)

Reality(ONTOLOGY)

A world of reason and God

A world of the mind

A word of things A wordl of experience.

Truth or Knowledge(Espitemology)

Reason and revelation

Consistency of ideas

Correspondence and sensation( as we see it)

What works , what is

Goodness(Axiology)

Rationality Imitation of ideal self, person to be emulated.

Laws of Natue The public test.

Teaching reality Disciplinary subjects and doctrine

Subject of the mind-literary, philosophical, religiuos

Subject of physical world-math, science

Subject matter of social experiences-special studies.

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MAJOR EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

PERENNIALISM

IDEALISM REALISM PRAGMATISM(EXPERIMENTALI

SM)

Teaching truth Discipline of the mind via drill.

Teaching ideas via lecture, discussion.

Teaching for mastery of information-demonstrate, recite

Problem-solving, project methods

Teaching goodness(values)

Discplining behavior (to reason)

Initating hereos and other exemplars

Training in rules of conduct.

Making group decision is light of consequences

Whys school exist?

To reveal reason and God’s will

To sharpen the mind and intellectual processes

To reveal the order of the world and universe

To discover and expand the society we live in to share expereices.

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MAJOR EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

PERENNIALISM

IDEALISM REALISM PRAGMATISM(EXPERIMENTALI

SM)

What should be Taught?

Eternal truth Wisdom of the ages

Laws of physical reality

Group inquiry into social problems and social science, methods and subject together

Role of the Teacher

Interprets,tells

Reports, person to be emulated

Display, impart knowldge

Aids, consultant

Role of the students

Passive reception

Receives, memorizes

Manipulates, passive participantion

Active participaton, contributes.

School’s Attitude towrads changes

Truth is eternal,no real change

Truth to be prererved, antichange

Always coming towards perfection ,oredrly change

Change is ever-present , a process.

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PHILOSOPHY AND VALUES/ BELIEF SYSTEM IN EDUCATION:

1. Make People Healthy: Each extra year of a mothers schooling reduce the probability of infant mortality by 05 to 10%.

2. Increase Incomes: Extra year of schooling increase an individual person earning by 10%

3. Save Children Lives: A child whose mother can read its 50% more likely to live past 5 ages.

Education Plays important role in our society. Here is the 8 things which make education valuable:

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PHILOSOPHY AND VALUES/ BELIEF SYSTEM IN EDUCATION:

4. Reduce Poverty in society: Educated persons earn money more so we can reduce poverty. With the basic reading skills 171million people could be lifted out of poverty.

5. Promotes Girls And Women Rights: Educated women and girls know About their social rights and increase women visibility in society.

6. Boost Economic Growth: Educated person thinks about country. Apply new ideas in economic So GDP (Gross Domestic Product) surely Increase

Education Plays important role in our society. Here is the 8 things which make education valuable:

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PHILOSOPHY AND VALUES/ BELIEF SYSTEM IN EDUCATION:

7. Raises Crop Yields: Agriculture is very important part of human life. Population day by day increase and agriculture growth slowdown. Educated person apply new ideas to raise crop yields.

8. Fosters Peace: Educated persons always think about country development they don’t think about war. Improving higher education in middle areas we can reduce 30% risk of wars.

Education Plays important role in our society. Here is the 8 things which make education valuable:

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UNEXAMINED ASSUMPTIONS:

1. Raises Crop Yields: Agriculture is very important part of human life. Population day by day increase and agriculture growth slowdown. Educated person apply new ideas to raise crop yields.

2. Fosters Peace: Educated persons always think about country development they don’t think about war. Improving higher education in middle areas we can reduce 30% risk of wars.

Page 36: Curriculum and supervision