INDEX[Current to release 2016-3]

All references are to chapter and section number (e.g., “1.3A” refers toChapter 1, section 3, subsection A). In respect of Tables appearing incertain chapters, the Table letter will be preceded by the chapter number(e.g., “Table 3A” refers to Table A in Chapter 3).

ACQUISITIONSee also MERGERS ANDACQUISITIONS

. determining factors

. . general rule, 33.3C(i)

. . generally, 33.3C

. . types of consideration, 33.3C(ii)

. generally, 33.3

. legal considerations, 33.3D

. purchase of assets

. . effect, 33.3B(ii)

. . generally, 33.3B

. . mechanics, 33.3B(i)

. purchase of shares

. . compulsory acquisition, 33.3A(iii)

. . defences by acquired corporation,33.3A(iv)

. . effect, 33.3A(vi)

. . generally, 33.3A

. . negotiating methods, 33.3A(ii)

. . purchase, 33.3A(i)

. . subscription, 33.3A(i)

. . take-over bids, see TAKE-OVERBIDS

ADMINISTRATION RIGHTSSee also SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS

. administration, 19.2B(vii)

. conclusion, 19.2B(viii)

. directors’ reports, 19.2B(vi)

. election of directors, 19.2B(v)

. eligibility, 19.2B(iv)

. examination of corporate books,19.2B(vi)

. financial statements, 19.2B(vi)

. generally, 19.2B

. inspection of business, 19.2B(vi)

. minority rights, 19.2B(iii)

. notice of shareholder meetings, 19.2B(ii)

. removal of directors, 19.2B(v)

. shareholder meetings, attendance at,

19.2B(ii). voting, 19.2B(i)

AMALGAMATIONSee also MERGERS ANDACQUISITIONS

. Act respecting the legal publicity of

enterprises, 33.2D. effects of, 33.2C. generally, 33.2. reasons for, 33.2E. regular amalgamation. . amalgamation agreement (federal and

Ontario), 33.2B(i)(b)(1). . amalgamation agreement (Quebec),

33.2B(i)(a)(1). . articles of amalgamation (federal and

Ontario), 33.2B(i)(b)(3). . articles of amalgamation (Quebec),

33.2B(i)(a)(3). . generally, 33.2B(i). . other documents (federal and

Ontario), 33.2B(i)(b)(4). . shareholder approval (federal and

Ontario), 33.2B(i)(b)(2). . shareholder approval (Quebec),

33.2B(i)(a)(2). short-form horizontal amalgamation. . generally, 33.2B(ii)(b). . procedure, 33.2B(ii)(b)(2). . scope, 33.2B(ii)(b)(1). short-form vertical amalgamation. . generally, 33.2B(ii)(a)

I-1 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2016 - Rel. 3)

. . procedure, 33.2B(ii)(a)(1)

. . scope, 33.2B(ii)(a)(2)

. “three-cornered” amalgamation,33.2B(iii)

. who may amalgamate

. . jurisdiction, 33.2A(i)

. . solvency, 33.2A(ii)

ARRANGEMENT (FEDERAL)See also SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS —VESTED

. BCE case, 19.2D(ii)(a)

. effect, 19.2D(ii)(a)

. generally, 19.2D(ii)(a)

. procedure, 19.2D(ii)(a)

. purpose, 19.2D(ii)(a)

ARRANGEMENT (QUEBEC)See also SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS —VESTED

. approval and filing of articles,19.2D(ii)(b)

. conditions, 19.2D(ii)(b)

. generally, 19.2D(ii)(b)

. preliminary orders, 19.2D(ii)(b)

. procedure, 19.2D(ii)(b)

. purpose, 19.2D(ii)(b)

ARTICLES. federal corporations, see ARTICLES

(FEDERAL). interpretation of articles, 5.5. introduction, 5.1. Ontario corporations, see ARTICLES

(ONTARIO). provincial corporations, see ARTICLES

(PROVINCIAL)

ARTICLES (FEDERAL)See also ARTICLES

. articles of incorporation, 5.3A

. . address of registered office, 5.3A(iv)

. . contents generally, 5.3A(iii)

. . Director, 5.3A(i)

. . external document, 5.3A(iii)

. . fee, 5.3A(v)

. . incorporators, 5.3A(ii)

. . list of directors, 5.3A(iv)

. . mandatory elements, 5.3A(iii)

. . optional elements, 5.3A(iii)

. . search report, 5.3A(iv)

. cancellation of articles, 5.3F

. certificate of amendment, 5.3C

. certificates of incorporation, 5.3B

. . effect, 5.3B(ii)

. . issuance, 5.3B(i)

. correction of articles, 5.3E

. generally, 5.3

. restated articles, 5.3D

ARTICLES (ONTARIO)See also ARTICLES

. articles of incorporation, 5.4A

. cancellation, 5.4F

. certificate of incorporation, 5.4D

. corporation number, 5.4E

. correction, 5.4F

. fees, 5.4B

. generally, 5.4

. name search report, 5.4C

. restatement of articles, 5.4G

ARTICLES (PROVINCIAL)See also ARTICLES

. amendment of articles

. . articles of amendment, 5.2C

. . generally, 5.2C

. . special resolution, 5.2C

. articles of constitution, 5.2A

. . contents, 5.2A(iii)

. . declaration, 5.2A(iv)

. . enterprise registrar, 5.2A(i)

. . fees, 5.2A(v)

. . founders, 5.2A(ii)

. . list of directors, 5.2A(iv)

. . notice of head office, 5.2A(iv)

. cancellation of articles, 5.2G

. certificate of constitution, 5.2B

. . effect, 5.2B(ii)

. . issuance, 5.2B(i)

. . registration, 5.2B(iii)

. consolidation of articles, 5.2F

. correction of articles, 5.2D

. . general provisions, 5.2D(i)

INDEX

I-2

. . illegal provisions, 5.2D(ii)

. . irregularities, 5.2D(ii)

. . obvious errors, 5.2D(iii)

. . unobvious errors, 5.2D(ii)

. generally, 5.2

. rectification of certificates, 5.2E

ASSETSSee CAPITAL RETURNS

BOARD OF DIRECTORS. disqualification, 21.11. election. . contestation of election, 21.3C. . de facto directors, 21.3D. . first directors, 21.3A. . generally, 21.3. . subsequent directors, 21.3B. eligibility. . basic qualifications, 21.2A. . Canadian residency, 21.2A. . capacity, 21.2A. . fraud, 21.2A. . majority, 21.2A. . natural person, 21.2A. . need for qualification, 21.2B. . shareholder, 21.2A. . undischarged bankrupt, 21.2A. . women, 21.2A. indemnification, 21.8. introduction, 21.1. number. . additional directors, 21.5E. . change, 21.5C. . establishing, 21.5B. . excess board, 21.5G. . incomplete board, 21.5F. . minimum, 21.5A. . vacancies, 21.5D. powers and role, 22.1. quorum, 21.6. removal, 21.10. remuneration, 21.7. resignation, 21.12. term of office. . end of, 21.4D. . holding over, 21.4C

. . maximum, 21.4A

. . staggered, 21.4B

. voting, 21.9

BOOKS AND REGISTERS. federal and Ontario corporations, see

BOOKS AND REGISTERS(FEDERAL AND ONTARIO)

. generally, 11.1

. Quebec corporations, see BOOKS ANDREGISTERS (QUEBEC)

BOOKS AND REGISTERS(FEDERAL AND ONTARIO)See also BOOKS AND REGISTERS

. inspection of registers, 11.1A(v)

. list and content

. . accounting records, 11.1A(i)

. . articles and by-laws, 11.1A(i)

. . directors, 11.1A(i)

. . minutes of directors and committees,11.1A(i)

. . securities, 11.1A(i)

. . shareholder minutes, 11.1A(i)

. penalties and recourses, 11.1A(iv)

. place and examination

. . where registers kept, 11.1A(ii)

. . who examines registers, 11.1A(ii)

. . who keeps registers, 11.1A(ii)

. . shareholder list, 11.1A(ii)

. presumptions, 11.1A(iii)

BOOKS AND REGISTERS (QUEBEC)See also BOOKS AND REGISTERS

. inspection, 11.1B(ii)

. list and content

. . accounting records, 11.1B(i)

. . articles and by-laws, 11.1B(i)

. . directors, 11.1B(i)

. . minutes of directors and committees,

11.1B(i). . securities, 11.1B(i). . shareholder minutes, 11.1B(i). list of shareholders, 11.1B(iii). penalties and recourses, 11.1B(v). place, 11.1B(ii). presumption, 11.1B(iv)

INDEX

I-3 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 8)

CAPACITY AND POWERS. change of powers, 9.5. federal corporations, 9.4. general rule, 9.1. Quebec business corporations, 9.3. . conclusion, 9.3D. . legal framework, 9.3A. . limits on activities, 9.3B. . statutory prohibitions, 9.3C. previous rule, 9.2. . Ashbury Railway Carriage decision,

9.2D(i). . Bonanza Creek decision, 9.2D(ii). . limits on powers, 9.2C. . nullity and scire facias, 9.2E. . objects, 9.2A. . powers, 9.2B. . ultra vires act, effect of, 9.2D(iii). . ultra vires doctrine, 9.2D. . ultra vires doctrine and its application

in Quebec, 9.2D(iv)

CAPITAL RETURNSSee also PROPERTY RIGHTS

. general principles, 19.2C(ii)(a)

. generally, 19.2C(ii)

. preferences and restrictions, 19.2C(ii)(b)

. . other participation, 19.2C(ii)(b)

. . preferential repayment, 19.2C(ii)(b)

COMMITTEESSee DELEGATION OF POWERS

CONSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS. federal jurisdiction, limits of, 3.3C. federal vs. provincial incorporation, see

INCORPORATION (FEDERAL

vs. PROVINCIAL). introduction, 3.1. jurisdiction in corporate law. . federal jurisdiction, 3.2C. . generally, 3.2. . limits of federal jurisdiction, 3.3C. . provincial licences, 3.2B. . provincial objects, 3.2A. provincial corporations, powers and

capacity

. . Bonanza Creek decision, 3.3B

. . generally, 3.3B

. provincial statutes vs. federalcorporations, 3.3A

. . Canadian Indemnity decision, 3.3A(iv)

. . Great West Saddlery decision, 3.3A(ii)

. . John Deere Plow decision, 3.3A(i)

. . Lymburn v. Mayland decision, 3.3A(iii)

. . Multiple Access Ltd. v. McCutcheondecision, 3.3A(v)

. . Reference re Upper Churchill Water

Rights Reversion Act, 1980 case,3.3A(vi)

. summary, 3.4

CONTINUANCE. federal, see CONTINUANCE

(FEDERAL). generally, 6. Ontario, see CONTINUANCE

(ONTARIO). Quebec, see CONTINUANCE

(QUEBEC)

CONTINUANCE (FEDERAL)See also CONTINUANCE

. export, 6.1B

. generally, 6.1

. import, 6.1A

. . articles of continuance, 6.1A(ii)(a)

. . effect of continuance, 6.1A(iii)

. . fee, 6.1A(ii)(d)

. . internal procedure, 6.1A(ii)(b)

. . other required documents, 6.1A(ii)(c)

. . who may continue, 6.1A(i)

CONTINUANCE (ONTARIO)See also CONTINUANCE

. cooperative corporation, 6.7

. export, 6.6

. import, 6.5

CONTINUANCE (QUEBEC)See also CONTINUANCE

. Act respecting the legality of enterprises,impact of, 6.4

. cooperatives and cooperative syndicates

INDEX

I-4

. . cooperative to corporation, 6.3B

. . corporation and cooperativecomparison, Table 6A

. . corporation to cooperative, 6.3A

. . generally, 6.3

. export

. . authorization, 6.2(ii)

. . certificate, 6.2(ii)

. . generally, 6.2(ii)

. generally, 6.2

. import

. . effect, 6.2(i)

. . legal persons covered, 6.2(i)

. . procedure, 6.2(i)

CORPORATE BORROWING. bond issues, 32.4. borrowing powers, 32.2. debentures, bonds and shares, difference

between, 32.6. debenture issues, 32.5. generally, 32. issuing promissory notes and bills of

exchange, 32.1. registers and remedies, 32.7. security, 32.3. . power to give, 32.3B. . types, 32.3A, Table 32A

CORPORATE NAME. assigning, see CORPORATE NAME,

ASSIGNING. choosing, see CORPORATE NAME,

CHOOSING. control of, see CORPORATE NAME,

CONTROL OF. extinction of, see CORPORATE

NAME, EXTINCTION OF. generally, 8. penal sanctions, 8.5. use of, see CORPORATE NAME, USE

OF

CORPORATE NAME, ASSIGNINGSee also CORPORATE NAME

. a priori control

. . Director, 8.2A

. . enterprise registrar, 8.2A

. . generally, 8.2A

. designating number, 8.2C

. research and reservation, 8.2B

CORPORATE NAME, CHOOSINGSee also CORPORATE NAME

. general requirements

. . confusion, 8.1A

. . French language, 8.1A

. . generally, 8.1A

. . immoral, obscene or offensive

expressions, 8.1A. . incorrect indication or failure to

indicate juridical form, 8.1A. . non-profit group, 8.1A. . otherwise liable to mislead, 8.1A. . public authority, 8.1A. . related to another person, 8.1A. . reserved or prohibited expressions,

8.1A. special requirements. . federal business name, 8.1E. . federal corporate names — effect of

provincial requirements, 8.1C(ii). . federal corporate names — federal

requirements, 8.1C(i). . Ontario corporate names, 8.1D. . Ontario registered name, 8.1F. . Quebec corporate name, 8.1B

CORPORATE NAME, CONTROL OFSee also CORPORATE NAME

. administrative control

. . Director, 8.4A

. . enterprise registrar, 8.4A

. . Legal Publicity Act, 8.4A(ii)

. . Quebec Business Corporations Act,8.4A(i)

. generally, 8.4

. judicial control

. . common law recourse, 8.4B

. . Quebec Business Corporations Act,8.4B

INDEX

I-5 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 8)

CORPORATE NAME, EXTINCTIONOFSee also CORPORATE NAME

. disappearance of corporation, 8.6C

. effect of change of name, 8.6D

. forced change, 8.6B

. generally, 8.6

. voluntary change, 8.6A

CORPORATE NAME, USE OFSee also CORPORATE NAME

. business name, 8.3A

. generally, 8.3

. incomplete or inaccurate names, 8.3D

. . contracts, corporate name in, 8.3D(i)

. . legal proceedings, corporate name in,

8.3D(ii). . public registers, corporate name in,

8.3D(iii). requirement to use corporate name,

8.3B. trade-marks, 8.3C

CORPORATE VEIL. alter ego concept, 1.3G. case law exceptions, 1.3D. Civil Code of Quebec, article 317, 1.3F. common law, 1.3J. . recent attempt to synthesize, 1.3I. conclusion, 1.3H. importance of principle, 1.3B. lifting, 1.3E. limits of principle, 1.3B. oppression remedy and, 31.9A(vi)(c). Private Security Act, 1.3C. Salomon decision, 1.3A. statutory exceptions, 1.3C

DELEGATION OF POWERS. audit committees, 25.4. board committees, 25.3. compensation committees, 25.4. generally, 25.1. nominating committees, 25.4. officers, see OFFICERS. other committees, 25.4

DIRECTORS, DUTIES OF. care and skill. . ability and skill, 23.2A. . “business judgment rule”, 23.2G. . diligence and prudence, 23.2A. . evolution of duties, 23.2A. . failure to act, 23.2C. . failure to attend meetings, 23.2B. . failure to become informed, 23.2D. . faults or mistakes, 23.2F. . federal standard, 23.2H. . generally, 23.2. . intensification of duties, 23.2I. . nature of duties, 23.2A. . supervision and control, 23.2E. generally, 23. honesty and loyalty, see FIDUCIARY

DUTIES. limits of powers, to act within, 23.1B. personally, to act, 23.1A. “public directors”. . federal, 23.4B. . Quebec, 23.4A

DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY. legal liability, see DIRECTORS’

LIABILITY (LEGAL). proportional liability, 24.3. statutory civil liability, see

DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY(STATUTORY CIVIL)

. statutory penal liability, see

DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY(STATUTORY PENAL)

DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY (LEGAL)See also DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY

. corporation, toward, 24.2A

. directors, toward, 24.2B

. generally, 24.2

. shareholders, toward, 24.2C

. third parties, toward

. . asset stripping, 24.2D(vii)(a)

. . Civil Code of Quebec, 24.2D(viii)

. . contractual fault by corporation,24.2D(iv)

. . contractual undertaking, 24.2D(i)

INDEX

I-6

. . corporate insolvency and personal

liability, 24.2D(vii). . corporate veil, 24.2D(vi). . extracontractual fault of corporation,

24.2D(iii). . extracontractual personal fault,

24.2D(ii). . fault by omission, 24.2D(vii)(b). . generally, 24.2D. . oppression remedy, 24.2D(v)

DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY(STATUTORY CIVIL)See also DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY

. abuse of process, 24.1A(xviii)

. acquisition of shares, 24.1A(viii)

. commissions, 24.1A(xi)

. concept of fault, 24.1A

. declaration and payment of dividends,24.1A(iii)

. . Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act,24.1A(iii)(c)

. . federal, 24.1A(iii)(a)

. . Ontario, 24.1A(iii)(a)

. . Quebec, 24.1A(iii)(b)

. deductions at source, 24.1A(xiii)

. deposit of sums in trust account,24.1A(xv)

. dissolution, 24.1A(v)

. exoneration, 24.1A

. . Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, 24.1A

. . Companies’ Creditors ArrangementAct, 24.1A

. . dissent, 24.1A

. . due diligence, 24.1A

. . equity, 24.1A

. . good faith reliance, 24.1A

. . unanimous shareholder agreement,

24.1A. failure to give notice of right to demand

repurchase of shares, 24.1A(xii). financial assistance to shareholders,

24.1A(ii). generally, 24.1A. indemnity, 24.1A(xix). interest in transaction with corporation,

24.1A(vi)

. issue of not fully paid shares, 24.1A(vii)

. payment of GST, 24.1A(xiv)

. pension plan, 24.1A(xvi)

. prescription, 24.1A

. presumptions, 24.1A

. recovery, 24.1A

. right to demand repurchase of shares,24.1A(xii)

. secondary market disclosure,24.1A(xvii)

. Securities Act, civil liability under,

24.1A(ix). solidary liability, 24.1A. transfers of unpaid shares, 24.1A(iv). use of privileged information in trading

securities, 24.1A(x). wages or remuneration owed to

employees, 24.1A(i)

DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY(STATUTORY PENAL)See also DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY

. balance sheet, 24.1B(ii)

. books and registers, 24.1B(i)

. declarations, 24.1B(iii)

. false documents, 24.1B(xi)

. false statements, 24.1B(xii)

. fraud, 24.1B(x)

. generally, 24.1B

. insider reports, 24.1B(vi)

. insider trading, 24.1B(vii)

. Legal Publicity Act, 24.1B(iv)

. privileged information, 24.1B(viii)

. prohibited name, 24.1B(xv)

. reports, notices and returns, 24.1B(v)

. supplies to Her Majesty, 24.1B(xiv)

. under various statutes, 24.1B(ix)

DIRECTORS’ MEETINGSSee also MEETINGS

. annual shareholder meeting, combinedwith, 28.1B(ii)(a)

. business meetings generally, 28.1B(ii)

. by-laws

. . amendment, 28.6B(iv)

. . approval, 28.6B(ii)

. . effect, 28.6B(iii)

INDEX

I-7 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 7)

. . passing, 28.6B(ii)

. . repeal, 28.6B(iv)

. . scope, 28.6B(i)

. calling meetings, 28.2B

. “long-distance” meetings

. . federal corporations, 28.5A

. . generally, 28.5

. . Ontario corporations, 28.5B

. . Quebec corporations, 28.5C

. minutes, 28.3

. meetings of directors, 28.3B(ii)

. need for meetings, 28.4

. organizational meetings (federal andOntario), 28.1A(i)(a)

. organizational meetings (Quebec),28.1A(ii)(a)

. other meetings, 28.1B(ii)(b)

. procedure and voting, see

DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS —PROCEDURE AND VOTING

. resolutions

. . directors’ resolutions, 28.6A(i)

. . generally, 28.6

DIRECTORS’ MEETINGS —PROCEDURE AND VOTINGSee also MEETINGS

. adjournment, 29.1A(viii)

. attendance by legal counsel, 29.1A(vi)

. attendance in person, 29.1A(iii)

. chairman and secretary, 29.1A(i)

. general principles, 29.1

. irregularities, 29.1A(v)

. quorum, 29.1A(ii)

. recording discussions, 29.1A(vii)

. voting, 29.1A(iv)

DIRECTORS, POWERS OF. board of directors as whole, 22.1. general powers, 22.2

DIRECTORS, ROLE OF. Civil Code of Quebec, before, 22.3A. . hybrid rule, 22.3A(iii). . mandataries, 22.3A(ii). . Part IA corporations, 22.3A(iv). . quasi-fiduciaries, 22.3A(i)

. Civil Code of Quebec, since, 22.3B

. generally, 22.3

DISSOLUTION (FEDERAL)See also END OF CORPORATEEXISTENCE

. effects, 34.1C(i)

. forced by court, 34.1A(ii)(b)

. forced by director, 34.1A(ii)(a)

. Legal Publicity Act, 34.1D

. voluntary, 34.1A(i)

DISSOLUTION (ONTARIO)See also END OF CORPORATEEXISTENCE

. after dissolution, 34.3C

. forced, 34.3A(ii)

. voluntary, 34.3A(i)

DISSOLUTION (QUEBEC)See also END OF CORPORATEEXISTENCE

. compelled

. . administrative dissolution, 34.2C(i)

. . insolvency, due to, 34.2C(iii)

. . judicial dissolution, 34.2C(ii)

. voluntary

. . board consent, with, 34.2A(i)(d)

. . declaration of sole shareholder, by,34.2A(i)(c)

. . general provisions, 34.2A(i)(a)

. . generally, 34.2A

. . shareholder consent, with, 34.2A(i)(b)

DIVIDENDSSee also PROPERTY RIGHTS

. general principles, 19.2C(i)(a)

. generally, 19.2C(i)

. privileges and restrictions, 19.2C(i)(b)

. . cumulative dividends, 19.2C(i)(b)

. . dividend rate, 19.2C(i)(b)

. . generally, 19.2C(i)(b)

. . non-cumulative dividends, 19.2C(i)(b)

. . other rights, 19.2C(i)(b)

. . preferential dividends, 19.2C(i)(b)

INDEX

I-8

END OF CORPORATE EXISTENCE. dissolution. . federal corporations, see

DISSOLUTION (FEDERAL). . Ontario corporations, see

DISSOLUTION (ONTARIO). . Quebec corporations, see

DISSOLUTION (QUEBEC). liquidation. . federal corporations, see

LIQUIDATION (FEDERAL). . Ontario corporations, see

LIQUIDATION (ONTARIO). . Quebec corporations, see

LIQUIDATION (QUEBEC). revival, see REVIVAL

FIDUCIARY DUTIESSee also DIRECTORS, DUTIES OF

. abuse of power, 23.3D

. conflicts of interest, 23.3E

. contracts with corporation, 23.3G

. contracts with corporation (federal andOntario)

. . abstention from voting, 23.3G(iii)

. . Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act,

23.3G(iv). . disclosure of interest, 23.3G(i)(a). . generally, 23.3G(i). . prohibition against voting, 23.3G(i)(a). . recourse in case of breach, 23.3G(i)(b). . signed resolutions, 23.3G(iii). contracts with corporation (Quebec). . abstention from voting, 23.3G(iii). . Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act,

23.3G(iv). . contravention and recourses, 23.3G(ii). . deliberations and voting, 23.3G(ii). . disclosure, 23.3G(ii). . generally, 23.3G(ii). . notions, 23.3G(ii). . signed resolutions, 23.3G(iii). English-Canadian law, 23.3A. generally, 23.3. interests of corporation, 23.3C. personal benefit. . approval, 23.3F(vii)

. . Civil Code of Quebec, 23.3F(ii)

. . common law rule, 23.3F(i)

. . remuneration, 23.3F(v)

. . secret profits, 23.3F(vi)

. . use of information, 23.3F(iv)

. . use of property, 23.3F(iii)

. Quebec

. . before 1985, 23.3B(i)

. . Civil Code of Quebec, 23.3B(iv)

. . from 1985 to 1989, 23.3B(ii)

. . generally, 23.3B

. . Kuet Leong decision, effects of,23.3B(iii)

. renunciation of duties, 23.3I

. summary, 23.3J

. survival of duties, 23.3H

FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS, 1.2

HEAD OFFICE OF CORPORATION. change of head office (federal

corporations), 7.2A. . change of address, 7.2A(ii). . change of province, 7.2A(i). . updating declaration, 7.2A(iii). change of head office (Ontario

corporations), 7.2C. change of head office (Quebec

corporations), 7.2B. . change of address, 7.2B(i). . change of judicial district, 7.2B(ii). generally, 7. head office purpose, 7.3. notice of address, 7.1

HISTORIC ORIGINS OFCORPORATE LAW

. Confederation

. . federal, 2.4A

. . generally, 2.4

. . Quebec, 2.4B

. English regime

. . 1759 to 1800, 2.3A

. . after 1850, 2.3D

. . general incorporation statutes (1849-1850), 2.3C

INDEX

I-9 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 7)

. . special incorporation statutes (1800-

1850), 2.3B. French regime (1534-1759), 2.2. introduction, 2.1

INCORPORATION (FEDERAL vs.PROVINCIAL)See also CONSTITUTIONALASPECTS

. continuance, 3.5G

. directors

. . “pluses”, 3.5B

. . “super-pluses”, 3.5B

. generally, 3.5

. governance

. . “pluses”, 3.5D

. . “super-pluses”, 3.5D

. Quebec Business Corporations Act

(“super-plus” statute), 3.5A. Quebec incorporation, advantages of,

3.5H. . directors, 3.5H(ii). . remedies, 3.5H(iv). . share capital, 3.5H(i). . shareholders, 3.5H(iii). . transactions, 3.5H(v). shareholders. . “pluses”, 3.5C. . “super-pluses”, 3.5C. small and medium enterprises (SMEs),

3.5F. statutory comparison, Table 3A. technical improvements. . “pluses”, 3.5E. . “super-pluses”, 3.5E. . taxation, 3.5E

INDOOR MANAGEMENT RULESee also THIRD PARTIES ANDCORPORATIONS

. application of rule, 26.2B

. good faith, 26.2C

. mandate and, 26.3E

. Turquand case, 26.2A

LEGAL PERSONSee also NATURE OFCORPORATION

. attributes and characteristics, 1.1A(iii)

. fiction, 1.1A(ii)

. generally, 1.1A

. natural person, 1.1A(i)

LEGAL PUBLICITY. consultation, 10.3. evidentiary weight and enforceability,

10.4. generally, 10. Ontario, see LEGAL PUBLICITY

(ONTARIO). registration. . declaration of registration (federal

corporations), 10.1B(i). . extra-provincial corporations, 10.1C. . filing articles of constitution (Quebec

corporations), 10.1A(i). . generally, 10.1. . initial declaration (Quebec

corporations), 10.1A(ii). updating information. . annual declaration, 10.2A. . bankruptcy, 10.2C. . periodic updating, 10.2B

LEGAL PUBLICITY (ONTARIO)See also LEGAL PUBLICITY

. additional information, 10.6C

. certificates, 10.6E

. filing of returns, 10.6A

. . annual return, 10.6A(ii)

. . fee, 10.6A(v)

. . initial return, 10.6A(i)

. . notice of change, 10.6A(iii)

. . verifications, 10.6A(iv)

. non-compliance, 10.6D

. offences, 10.6D

. presumption, 10.6F

. records and consultation, 10.6B

. sanctions, 10.6D

INDEX

I-10

LIQUIDATION (FEDERAL)See also END OF CORPORATEEXISTENCE

. judicial, 34.1B(ii)

. . Canada Business Corporations Act,

34.1B(ii)(a)-(b). . deadlock, 34.1B(ii)(c)(1). . “family corporation” factor,

34.1B(ii)(c)(5). . grounds, 34.1B(ii)(c). . insolvency, 34.1B(ii)(e). . loss of confidence in administration,

34.1B(ii)(c)(3). . loss of substratum, 34.1B(ii)(c)(2). . partnership analogy, 34.1B(ii)(c)(4). . prior conditions, 34.1B(ii)(d). Legal Publicity Act, 34.1D. voluntary, 34.1B(i)

LIQUIDATION (ONTARIO)See also END OF CORPORATEEXISTENCE

. judicial liquidation, 34.3B(ii)

. voluntary winding-up, 34.3B(i)

. winding-up rules, 34.3B(iii)

LIQUIDATION (QUEBEC)See also END OF CORPORATEEXISTENCE

. appointment of liquidator, 34.2B(i)

. arrangement, 34.2B(vii)

. closure of, 34.2B(iii)

. court supervision, under, 34.2B(iv)

. discontinuance of, 34.2B(v)

. generally, 34.2B

. procedure, 34.2B(ii)

. removal of liquidator, 34.2B(i)

. replacement of liquidator, 34.2B(i)

. transitory rules, 34.2B(vi)

MAJORITY RULESee also MINORITYSHAREHOLDERS — REMEDIES

. conclusions, 31.4

. exceptions

. . fraud on minority, 31.3

. . generally, 31.3

. . infringement of personal rights, 31.3

. . ultra vires acts, 31.3

. Foss v. Harbottle, 31.1

. generally, 31.2

MANDATESee also THIRD PARTIES ANDCORPORATIONS

. apparent mandate, 26.3C

. continuity of, 26.3D

. dissolved corporations, 26.3H(i)

. generally, 26.3

. indoor management and, 26.3E

. non-existent corporation, 12.3H

. ratification, 26.3B

. real mandate, 26.3A

. signing of contracts and notes, 26.3G

. ultra vires and, 26.3F

. unincorporated corporations, 26.3H(ii)

MEETINGS. business meetings, see DIRECTORS’

MEETINGS; SHAREHOLDERMEETINGS

. by-laws

. . amendment, 28.6B(iv)

. . approval, 28.6B(ii)

. . effect, 28.6B(iii)

. . passing, 28.6B(ii)

. . repeal, 28.6B(iv)

. . scope, 28.6B(i)

. calling meetings, see DIRECTORS’

MEETINGS; SHAREHOLDERMEETINGS

. irregularities, 28.7

. “long-distance” meetings

. . federal corporations, 28.5A

. . generally, 28.5

. . Ontario corporations, 28.5B

. . Quebec corporations, 28.5C

. minutes, 28.3

. need for meetings, 28.4

. organizational meetings, seeDIRECTORS’ MEETINGS;SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS

. procedure, see MEETINGS —PROCEDURE AND VOTING

INDEX

I-11 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 7)

. resolutions

. . directors’ resolutions, 28.6A(i)

. . generally, 28.6

. . shareholders’ resolutions, 28.6A(ii)

. types, 28.1

. voting, see MEETINGS —PROCEDURE AND VOTING

MEETINGS — PROCEDURE ANDVOTINGSee also MEETINGS

. directors’ meetings, see DIRECTORS ’

MEETINGS — PROCEDUREAND VOTING

. shareholder meetings, see

SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS —PROCEDURE AND VOTING

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS. acquisition, see ACQUISITION. amalgamation, see

AMALGAMATION. Competition Act. . advance rulings, 33.4D. . generally, 33.4. . introduction, 33.4A. . powers of tribunal, 33.4C. introduction, 33.1. mergers and Competition Act. . combinations, particular cases of,

33.4B(v). . “gains in efficiency” defence, 33.4B(iv). . generally, 33.4B. . hearing by tribunal, 33.4B(ii). . lessening of competition, 33.4B(iii). . prior notice, 33.4B(i)

MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS —PREVENTIVE RIGHTS

. cumulative voting, 30.4

. demand repurchase of shares, right to

. . beneficiaries, 30.5B(v)

. . conditions, 30.5B(i)

. . exercise of rights, conditions for,30.5B(ii)

. . generally, 30.5

. . failure to notify, 30.5B(iii)

. . Quebec statute, 30.5B

. . terms of repurchase, conditions for,30.5B(ii)

. . unpaid shares, 30.5B(iv)

. dissent, right to

. . federal and Ontario, 30.5A

. . generally, 30.5

. introduction, 30.1

. proposals at meetings (federal andOntario), 30.2

. proposals at meetings (Quebec), 30.3

. . admissibility of proposal, 30.3D

. . circulation, 30.3E

. . decision-making, 30.3F

. . discussion, 30.3F

. . limitations, 30.3C

. . minimum requirements, 30.3B

. . type of corporation and meeting,

30.3A. take-over bid, rights during, 30.6

MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS —REMEDIES

. cancellation of articles, 31.18

. cancellation of contracts, 31.14

. compliance order, 31.15

. conclusion, 31.20

. correction of mistakes, 31.17

. “derivative” action, 31.8

. . federal and Ontario statutes, 31.8A

. . Quebec statute, 31.8B

. . other statutes, 31.8C

. investigation

. . federal and Ontario, 31.12

. . Quebec, 31.13

. judicial sequestration, 31.7

. liquidation, application for, 31.11

. majority rule, see MAJORITY RULE

. oppression remedy, see OPPRESSIONREMEDY

. rectification of abuse of power or

iniquity. . applicant, 31.10(ii). . basis for remedy, 31.10(iii). . interim costs, 31.10(vi). . majority rule, 31.10(vii). . orders, 31.10(iv)

INDEX

I-12

. . prescription, 31.10(viii)

. . scope, 31.10(i)

. . security for costs, 31.10(v)

. rectification of records, 31.16

. remedy for fraud, 31.6

. securities law and Autorite des marchesfinanciers, 31.19A

. securities law and Toronto Stock

Exchange. . discretion, 31.19B(iv). . generally, 31.19B. . restructuring, 31.19B(iii). . securities diluting voting rights,

31.19B(ii). . take-overbids, 31.19B(i)

NAME OF CORPORATIONSee CORPORATE NAME

NATURE OF CORPORATION. banks, 1.1F. general statute, incorporated or

continued under, 1.1C. generally, 1.1. insurance companies, 1.1F. legal person, see LEGAL PERSON. private interest, 1.1B. profit, seeking, 1.1E. share capital, having, 1.1D. trust companies, 1.1F

OFFICERS. appointment, 25.2A. authority of officers and agents, 25.2J. choice of officers, 25.2D. combination of officers’ positions,

25.2K. duties, see OFFICERS’ DUTIES. liability, 25.2M. . civil, 25.2M(i). . penal and criminal, 25.2M(ii). manager, 25.2I. president, 25.2E. publicity, 25.2O. secretary, 25.2G. removal, 25.2C

. remuneration and indemnification,

25.2N. term of office, 25.2B. treasurer, 25.2H. vice-president, 25.2F

OFFICERS’ DUTIESSee also OFFICERS

. fiduciary, 25.2L(iii)

. . case law evolution, 25.2L(iii)(a)

. . discharge, 25.2L(iii)(e)

. . intellectual property, right to,

25.2L(iii)(f). . nature of duties, 25.2L(iii)(b). . penalty, 25.2L(iii)(d). . persons subject to duties, 25.2L(iii)(c). generally, 25.2L(i). loyalty and confidentiality of employees,

25.2L(ii)

OPPRESSION REMEDYSee also MINORITYSHAREHOLDERS — REMEDIES

. appeal, 31.9A(xi)

. business judgment rule and

. . different context, 31.9A(viii)(a)

. . generally, 31.9A(viii)

. . type of decision, 31.9A(viii)(b)

. . type of remedy sought, 31.9A(viii)(c)

. circumstances, 31.9A(iii)

. constitutionality, 31.9A(v)

. costs, 31.9A(x)

. generally, 31.9A

. history, 31.9A(i)

. limits, 31.9A(xii)

. prescription, 31.9A(ix)

. procedure, 31.9A(vii)

. . Code of Civil Procedure, applicationof, 31.9A(vii)(a)

. . Code of Civil Procedure, subordinationof, 31.9A(vii)(b)

. . conflicts of interest and attorneys,

31.9A(vii)(d). . joinder of remedies, 31.9A(vii)(c). . jurisdiction, 31.9A(vii)(e). scope. . corporate veil, 31.9A(vi)(c)

INDEX

I-13 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 8)

. . . “same person”, 31.9A(vi)(c)

. . territorial, 31.9A(vi)(b)

. . time aspect, 31.9A(vi)(a)

. types of orders, 31.9A(iv)

. who can take action, 31.9A(ii)

PAYMENT FOR SHARES. calls for payment, 15.2. effect of failure to pay. . right to vote, 15.4. . share transfers, 15.5. . . failure to pay, effect, 14.7.5. . winding-up, 15.6. federal corporations, 15.7. obligation to pay, 15.1. Ontario corporations, 15.7. recourses for failure to pay. . confiscation, 15.3A. . generally, 15.3. . legal enforcement, 15.3B

POWERSSee CAPACITY AND POWERS

PRE-INCORPORATION. Civil Code of Quebec, 4.4. conclusion, 4.6. federal corporations, 4.2. introduction, 4.1. Ontario corporations, 4.5. Quebec Business Corporations Act, 4.4. Quebec Companies Act (part IA), 4.3

PROPERTY RIGHTSSee also SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS

. capital returns, see CAPITALRETURNS

. dividends, see DIVIDENDS

. generally, 19.2C

. preferred shares and planning, 19.2C(iii)

“PUBLIC” CORPORATIONS. assets exceeding $600,000,000, 35.4. generally, 35. more than 50 shareholders, 35.2. not “private issuer, 35.1

. public offering, see PUBLIC

OFFERING. revenue exceeding $200,000,000, 35.4. statutory requirements, Table 35A. summary, 35.5

PUBLIC OFFERINGSee also “PUBLIC” CORPORATIONS

. criminal offenses, 35.3G

. defined

. . Business Corporations Act, 35.3A(iii)

. . Canada Business Corporations Act,

35.3A(ii). . Quebec Securities Act, 35.3A(i). early warning, 35.3D. financial disclosure, see PUBLIC

OFFERING — FINANCIALDISCLOSURE

. generally, 35.3

. insider trading, see PUBLICOFFERING — INSIDERTRADING

. other requirements, 35.3F

. penalties, 35.3G

. proxy solicitation, 35.3E

. publicly traded corporations, 35.3H

. . generally, 35.3H

. . listing for trading, 35.3H(iii)

. . primary and secondary market,35.3H(i)

. . stock markets, 35.3H(ii)

PUBLIC OFFERING — FINANCIALDISCLOSURESee also PUBLIC OFFERING

. business acquisition report, 35.3B(v)

. change of auditor, 35.3B(ix)

. exemptions, 35.3B(vi)

. financial statements

. . audit, 35.3B(i)

. . distribution, 35.3B(ii)

. . filing, 35.3B(iii)

. penalties, 35.3B(vii)

. press release, 35.3B(iv)

. receivership, 35.3B(viii)

. statements of material change, 35.3B(iv)

INDEX

I-14

PUBLIC OFFERING — INSIDERTRADINGSee also PUBLIC OFFERING

. generally, 35.3C

. insider, definition of, 35.3C(i)

. insider reports, 35.3C(ii)

. privileged information (federal),35.3C(iv)

. . assessment of damages, 35.3C(iv)(b)(6)

. . disclosing, 35.3C(iv)(b)(4)

. . insider, definition of, 35.3C(iv)(b)(1)

. . limitation, 35.3C(iv)(b)(7)

. . security, definition of, 35.3C(iv)(b)(2)

. . solidarity liability, 35.3C(iv)(b)(5)

. . use of, 35.3C(iv)(b)(3)

. privileged information (Quebec),35.3C(iv)

. . communication of, 35.3C(iv)(a)(3)

. . derivative action, 35.3C(iv)(a)(6)

. . insider, definition of, 35.3C(iv)(a)(1)

. . prescription, 35.3C(iv)(a)(5)

. . recommendation, 35.3C(iv)(a)(4)

. . use of, 35.3C(iv)(a)(2)

. prohibited trading, 35.3C(iii)

REGISTERSSee BOOKS AND REGISTERS

REVIVALSee also END OF CORPORATEEXISTENCE

. federal, 34.1C(ii)

. Quebec

. . Act respecting the legal publicity ofenterprises, 34.2D(i)

. . Business Corporations Act, 34.2D(ii)

SEAL. abolition, 11.2D. Canada Business Corporations Act,

11.2C. Canadian law, 11.2B. English law, 11.2A. Quebec Business Corporations Act,

11.2C. Quebec law, 11.2B

SHARE ACQUISITION. exchange of shares, 18.2. federal corporations, see SHARE

ACQUISITION (FEDERAL). generally, 18.1. Quebec corporations, see SHARE

ACQUISITION (QUEBEC). return or surrender of shares, 18.3

SHARE ACQUISITION (FEDERAL)See also SHARE ACQUISITION

. acquisition of shares

. . acquisition of redeemable shares,

18.1A(iii)(b). . “basic test”, 18.1A(iii)(a). . debt set-off, 18.1A(iii)(c). . elimination of fractional shares,

18.1A(iii)(d). . generally, 18.1A(iii). . net worth solvency test, 18.1A(iii). . oppression remedy, 18.1A(iii)(e). . performance of contract, 18.1A(iii)(d). . right of dissent, 18.1A(iii)(e). . solvency test, 18.1A(iii). . variations of financial test, Table 18A. cancellation, 18.1A(iv). changes to stated capital account,

18.1A(v). holding shares, 18.1A(i). illegal payment, 18.1A(vi). “inter-corporate” shares, 18.1A(ii). re-issue, 18.1A(iv)

SHARE CAPITAL. common purpose, 12.1. creation of, 12.2. . authorized capital, 12.2A. . issued capital, 12.2D. . paid-up capital, 12.2E. . stated capital, 12.2F. . subscribed capital, 12.2C. . treasury shares, 12.2B. definition, 12.1. divisible into units, 12.1. investment of funds, 12.1. issued and paid-up capital account, 12.3. maintenance of capital rule, 12.8

INDEX

I-15 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2016 - Rel. 3)

. no par value shares

. . characteristics, 12.6B(i)

. . freedom in issue price, 12.6B(i)

. . protection of public, 12.6B(i)

. par value shares

. . defined, 12.6A(i)

. . generally, 12.6

. . inherent principles, 12.6A(ii)

. . usefulness, 12.6A(iii)

. shares, 12.4

. situs, 12.5

. “trust fund” doctrine, 12.7

SHARE CAPITAL, CHANGES TO. conclusion, 20.6. consolidation, 20.4. conversion. . convertible shares, 20.5D(iv). . effect of, 20.5D(iii). . exchangeable shares, 20.5D(iv). . generally, 20.5D. . issued shares, 20.5D(ii). . unissued shares, 20.5D(i). generally, 20. increase. . authorized capital, 20.1. . stated capital, 20.1. par value to no par value, 20.5A. privileges, 20.5C. redesignation, 20.5B. reduction. . federal, 20.2. . generally, 20.2. . Quebec, 20.2. restrictions, 20.5C. rights, 20.5C. splitting. . authorized capital affected, 20.3. . authorized capital not affected, 20.3. . federal, 20.3. . Quebec, 20.3

SHARE CERTIFICATES. bearer certificates, 13.4. form (federal), 13.2. form (Quebec), 13.2. nature, 13.1

. replacement, 13.3

. scrips

. . definition, 13.5A

. . federal, 13.5C

. . form, 13.5B

. . Ontario, 13.5C

. . origin, 13.5A

. . Quebec, 13.5C

. uncertificated shares, 13.6

SHARE CLASSES. creation, 19.1B. description, 19.1A. generally, 19.1

SHARE EXCHANGE. generally, 18.3

SHARE ISSUANCES. acceptance notice, 14.4. cancellation of issued shares, 14.5. generally, 14. issue and distribution. . allotment, 14.3A. . certificates, 14.3C. . consideration other than cash, issued

for, 14.3E. . discount, issued at, 14.3F. . formalities, 14.3B. . fractional shares, 14.3H. . generally, 14.3. . issue, 14.3A. . jointly held shares, 14.3I. . nullity, 14.3G. . paid-up shares, 14.3D. registration, 14.7. Securities Act, 14.6. . exemptions, 14.6B. . prospectus, 14.6A. share acquisition contract. . definition, 14.1A. . nature and effect, 14.1B. subscription. . acceptance, 14.2D. . conditional subscription, 14.2C. . form of offer, 14.2A. . generally, 14.2

INDEX

I-16

. . option, 14.2E

. . remuneration in shares, 14.2F

. . revocability of offer, 14.2B

SHARE RETURN OR SURRENDER. generally, 18.2

SHARE TRANSFERS. corporate duty. . liability of corporation, 16.3C. . opposition, 16.3B. . requirements, 16.3A. deposit, 16.11. generally, 16. hypothecs. . effects, 16.9. . generally, 16.9. . ranking, 16.9. . with delivery, 16.9. . without delivery, 16.9. method, 16.4. nominees, 16.8. registration of shares in name of third

party, 16.7. registration requirement, 16.5. restrictions generally, 16.2. restrictions (non-statutory), 16.2B. . articles, restrictions in, 16.2B(i). . constrained share corporations,

16.2B(ii). . contractual restrictions, 16.2B(iii). . public corporations, 16.2B(ii). restrictions (statutory), 16.2A. right to transfer, 16.1. Securities Act, 16.12. seizure of shares, 16.6. usufruct and bare ownership, 16.10

SHARE TRANSMISSION. conditions precedent, 17.2. federal corporations, 17.4. generally, 17.1. legal seisin, 17.1A. . effects of registration, 17.1A(iv). . no registration requirement, 17.1A(vi). . registration as representative of

deceased, 17.1A(iii)

. . representation of deceased, 17.1A(ii)

. . seisin, 17.1A(i)

. . usefulness of registration, 17.1A(v)

. Ontario corporations, 17.4

. restrictions, 17.3

. transfer to heirs, 17.1B

. undivided ownership, 17.5

SHAREHOLDER AGREEMENTS. Bergeron v. Ringuet. . commentary, 27.1E. . conclusion, 27.1F. . Court of Appeal decision, 27.1C. . facts, 27.1A. . Superior Court decision, 27.1B. . Supreme Court decision, 27.1D. generally, 27. legality, 27.1. nature, 27.4. . joint venture, 27.4B. . partnership agreement, 27.4A. unanimous shareholder agreements,

27.2. usual forms. . fiduciary control, 27.3D. . generally, 27.3. . pooling agreements, 27.3D(i). . restrictions upon death, 27.3B. . share transfer restrictions, 27.3A. . voting and “partnership” clauses,

27.3C. . “voting trust”, 27.3D(ii)

SHAREHOLDER LIABILITIESSee also SHAREHOLDEROBLIGATIONS

. diminished liability

. . generally, 19.5B(v)

. . legal set-off, 19.5B(v)

. . reduction of issued capital, 19.5B(v)

. generally, 19.5B

. limited liability of member of legal

person, 19.5B(i). limited shareholder liability, 19.5B(ii). restitution requirement, 19.5B(iii). tax liability, 19.5B(iv)

INDEX

I-17 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 7)

SHAREHOLDER MEETINGSSee also MEETINGS

. annual meetings, 28.1B(i)(a)

. . appointment of auditor, 28.1B(i)(a)

. . approval of acts by directors and

officers, 28.1B(i)(a). . approval of by-laws, 28.1B(i)(a). . date and place, 28.1B(i)(a). . election of directors, 28.1B(i)(a). . examination of financial documents,

28.1B(i)(a). business meetings generally, 28.1B(i). by-laws. . amendment, 28.6B(iv). . approval, 28.6B(ii). . effect, 28.6B(iii). . passing, 28.6B(ii). . repeal, 28.6B(iv). . scope, 28.6B(i). calling meetings. . cancellation, 28.2A(i)(c). . content, 28.2A(i)(b). . electronic notice, 28.2A(i)(d). . notice, 28.2A(i). . postponement, 28.2A(i)(c). . record date, 28.2A(i)(a). . time limit, 28.2A(i). . waiver, 28.2A(i). “long-distance” meetings. . federal corporations, 28.5A. . generally, 28.5. . Ontario corporations, 28.5B. . Quebec corporations, 28.5C. minutes, 28.3. need for meetings, 28.4. organizational meetings (federal and

Ontario), 28.1A(i)(b). organizational meetings (Quebec),

28.1A(ii)(b). procedure and voting, see

SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS —

PROCEDURE AND VOTING. resolutions. . generally, 28.6. . shareholders’ resolutions, 28.6A(ii). special meetings, 28.1B(i)(b). . called by directors, 28.1B(i)(b)(1)

. . called by judge, 28.1B(i)(b)(3)

. . called by shareholders, 28.1B(i)(b)(2)

SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS —PROCEDURE AND VOTINGSee also MEETINGS

. adjournment, 29.1B(viii)

. attendance at meetings, 29.1B(i)

. calling to order, 29.1B(iv)

. chairman and secretary, 29.1B(ii)

. general principles, 29.1

. language, 29.1B(vii)

. proxies

. . deposit, 29.1B(vi)(e)

. . effect, 29.1B(vi)(b)

. . form, 29.1B(vi)(a)

. . generally, 29.1B(vi)

. . inspection, 29.1B(vi)(f)

. . preservation, 29.1B(vi)(f)

. . revocation, 29.1B(vi)(d)

. . solicitation, 29.1B(vi)(g)

. . term, 29.1B(vi)(c)

. quorum, 29.1B(iii)

. voting, 29.1B(v)

. . ballot, voting by, 29.1B(v)(d)

. . casting vote, 29.1B(v)(g)

. . cumulative voting, 29.1B(v)(f)

. . electronic voting, 29.1B(v)(i)

. . forms of voting, 29.1B(v)(b)

. . general principles, 29.1B(v)(a)

. . mail, voting by, 29.1B(v)(h)

. . record date, 29.1B(v)(j)

. . roll call, voting by, 29.1B(v)(e)

. . show of hands, voting by, 29.1B(v)(c)

SHAREHOLDER OBLIGATIONS. assessments, 19.5C. duties, 19.5A. generally, 19.5. liabilities, see SHAREHOLDER

LIABILITIES

SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS. administration rights, see

ADMINISTRATION RIGHTS. equal rights, 19.2A. generally, 19.2

INDEX

I-18

. material changes, see

SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS —MATERIAL CHANGES

. property rights, see PROPERTY

RIGHTS. veto rights, 19.3

SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS —MATERIAL CHANGESSee also SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS

. constitution and structure

. . articles, 19.2D(i)(a)

. . by-laws, 19.2D(i)(b)

. . generally, 19.2D(i)

. generally, 19.2D

. other changes

. . amalgamation, 19.2D(iii)

. . bankruptcy, 19.2D(iii)(c)

. . business combinations and relatedparty transactions, 19.2D(iii)(e)

. . continuance, 19.2D(iii)(d)

. . federal corporations, 19.2D(iii)(a)

. . generally, 19.2D(iii)

. . Quebec corporations, 19.2D(iii)(b)

. . reorganization, 19.2D(iii)(g)

. . sale and lease of property, 19.2D(iii)

. . squeeze-out transactions, 19.2D(iii)(f)

. . voluntary liquidation, 19.2D(iii)

. shareholder consent for certain changes

. . under Canada Business CorporationsAct, 19.2 Table B

. . under Ontario Business CorporationsAct, 19.2, Table C

. . under Quebec Business CorporationsAct, 19.2, Table A

. vested shareholder rights, seeSHAREHOLDER RIGHTS —VESTED

SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS —VESTEDSee also SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS— MATERIAL CHANGES

. arrangement (federal), seeARRANGEMENT (FEDERAL)

. arrangement (Quebec), seeARRANGEMENT (QUEBEC)

. generally, 19.2D(ii)

. share issue, 19.2D(ii)(c)

SHARES, SERIES OF. generally, 19.4

TAKE-OVER BIDSSee also ACQUISITION

. defined, 33.3A(v)(a)

. effects, 33.3A(v)(d)

. exemptions, 33.3A(v)(b)

. notice to Autorite des marchesfinanciers, 33.3A(v)(f)

. offences, 33.3A(v)(g)

. remedies, 33.3A(v)(g)

. statutory control, 33.3A(v)

. terms, 33.3A(v)(c)

. time limits, 33.3A(v)(e)

THIRD PARTIES ANDCORPORATIONS

. Civil Code of Quebec, 26.6

. corporate penal and criminal liability

. . advantages, 26.10D

. . disadvantages, 26.10D

. . fidelity insurance, 26.10F

. . fire insurance, 26.10F

. . generally, 26.10

. . offences requiring mens rea, 26.10B

. . personal liability, 26.10E

. . strict and absolute liability offences,26.10A

. . “total knowledge” doctrine, 26.10C

. falsification of documents or signatures,26.8

. federal and Ontario statutes

. . abolition of constructive notice, 26.4A

. . codification of indoor managementrule, 26.4B

. . generally, 26.4

. generally, 26.1

. indoor management rule, see INDOORMANAGEMENT RULE

. legal proceedings

. . authorization, 26.11C

. . contempt of court, 26.11E

. . generally, 26.11

INDEX

I-19 (Bus. Corp. Can.) (2015 - Rel. 7)

. . representation, 26.11A

. . security for costs, 26.11G

. . seizure, 26.11F

. . service, 26.11D

. . small claims, 26.11B

. Legal Publicity Act, 26.7

. liability for acts of employees, 26.9

. mandate, see MANDATE

. Quebec Business Corporations Act, 26.5

INDEX

I-20