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  • Current status of Malaria in South America · 2010. 4. 7. · Latin America: Malaria Status 2000-2007 18 countries free of malaria 6 countries with 50 - 74% reduction of cases 5 countries
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Current status of Malaria in South America Cristian Desmarchelier, PhD Fundación Mundo Sano del Libertador Av 1146 Buenos Aires, Argentina www.mundosano.org

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  • Current status of Malaria in South America

    Cristian Desmarchelier, PhD

    Fundación Mundo Sanodel Libertador Av 1146 Buenos Aires, Argentina

    www.mundosano.org

    http://www.neotropico.net/

  • Malaria in South AmericaNumber of cases per 1000 people per country

    South America Africa Asia

    Country Per 1000 people Country Per 1000 people Country Per 1000 people

    Guyanas 36-22 Uganda 478 Afghanistan 25

    Ecuador 4.0 Sao Tome & Prince 394 Myanmar 15

    Colombia - Belize 3.7 Liberia 302 Yemen 13

    Peru 2.9 Tanzania 290 Papua New Guinea 12

    Bolivia 2.3 Burundi 274 Cambodia 5.0

    Brazil 2.1 Mozambique 270 India – Bhutan 1.7

    Source: SocialWatch.org (WHO)

  • Latin America: Malaria Status 2000-2007

    18 countries free of malaria

    6 countries with 50 - 74% reduction of cases5 countries with 75% decrease in cases

    • 21 endemic countries• 11 countries in South America (73% cases are P. vivax)•8 countries in Central America and Mexico (94% cases P. vivax)•2 countries Hispaniola (almost 100% P. falciparum)

    •REGION•75% cases P. vivax•25% P.falciparum•

  • Malaria in South AmericaDistribution of vivax - falciparum

    falciparum / vivax

    falciparum / vivax

  • Malaria and South American natural productsLessons from the Neotropics

    Cinchona sp (Rubiaceae) – “Peruvian bark” or “cascarilla”

    Quinine

  • Malaria and South American natural productsLessons from the Neotropics

    Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis)

    Repelent

    O

    O

    O

    H

    Quassinoids (basic structure)

    - Present in Simarouba spp, Quassia spp,and other neotropical species;

    - Potent in vitro antimalarial activity in P.falciparum chloroquine-resistant strains;

    - Novel mechanism of action: inhibition ofProtein synthesis via ribosome interaction.

  • Malaria and South American natural productsLessons from the Neotropics

    1. 4-nerolidylcatechol (Pothomorphe peltata – “caapeba”)2. Neoselgeolide (Picrolema sprucei – “caferana”)3. Ellipticine (Aspidosperma vargasii – “amarelao”)4. Aspidocarpine (A. desmanthum – “amargoso”)

    De Andrade-Neto et al. (2007) In vitro inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum by substances isolated from Amazonian antimalarial plants. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz102: 359-365.

  • Malaria and Artemisia annua production in South AmericaWho is Who

    - UNICAMP: Introduction of A. annua production in the State of Sao Paulo; developmentof new varieties for low latitudes; phytotherapic remedies bases on A. annua leaves

    - UTPR: Intensive research on fertilisation, density, pesticides, herbicides, etc; phenology;transfer of small scale productive know-how to small farmers in State of Paraná.

    - FUNDACION MUNDO SANO: Research on industrial and large scale production;extraction and purification of artemisinin; synthesis of artesunate (2009).

  • Malaria and Artemisia annua production in South AmericaAgricultural ventures

    Tropic of Capricorn

  • Malaria and ACTBrazil: 1.4 million cases (2006)

    For 2007: 457,000 cases P. vivax90,000 cases P. falciparum

    Source: Ministerio da Saúde do Brasil

  • Malaria and ACTBrazil's Public Policy

    Suggested treatments for Plasmodium vivax infection:

    -Chloroquine-Primaquine

    Suggested treatments for Plasmodium falciparum infection:

    -Artemether + Lumefantrine (Coartem®)-Quinine + Doxicicline-Primaquine

    Source: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil

  • Malaria and ACTBrazil: The case of Farmanguinhos - DNDi

    Source: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil

    First ACT developed in Brazil, ASMQ is the first fixed-dose formulation (FACT) of the association of AS and MQ.

    Each treatment consists of 300 mg AS plus 1200 mg MQ.

  • Malaria and PhytotherapicsBrazil: The case of UNICAMP - Farmanguinhos

    Source: Ministério da Saúde do Brasil; ICEI Mercosur

  • Malaria and ACTColombia and Peru Public Policies

    Colombia: 0.4 million cases Peru: 0.3 million cases

    Suggested treatments for Plasmodium vivax infection:

    -Chloroquine + Primaquine

    Suggested treatments for Plasmodium falciparum infection:

    -Artesunate + Mefloquine-Amodiaquine + Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine-Artemether + Lumefantrine (Coartem®)-Quinine

    Source: World Malaria Report 2008 (WHO); Peruvian Ministry of Health

  • Malaria and ACTArgentina: cases of malaria 1980-2008

    Source: Dr Tomás Orduna, CEMPRA-MT, Muñiz Hospital, Buenos Aires

    341 326

    567 535437

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    2000

    1521

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    16201529

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    758

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    2076

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    215125 124 116

    252 212

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    72

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

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    80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

  • THANK YOU VERY MUCH !!!

    Fundación Mundo Sanodel Libertador Ave 1146 - Buenos Aires, Argentina

    www.mundosano.org


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