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September 17, 2004

Current Status of Implementation and Future Perspectives of the Guidelines for Waste Treatment and Recycling by Commodity Type

(Outline)

Waste Recycling SubcomitteeIndustrial Structure Council

1. Paper

2. Glass bottles

3. Steel cans

4. Aluminum cans, etc.

5. Plastic

6. Automobiles

7. Motorbikes

8. Tires

9. Bicycles

10. Home electric appliances

11. Spring mattresses

12. Large furniture

13. Carpet

14. Futons

15. Dry cell batteries

16. Small secondary batteries, etc.

17. Storage batteries for automobiles and two-wheel vehicles

18. Cassette gas cylinders

19. Aerosol cans

20. Small gas cylinders

21. Fire extinguishers

22. Pachinko game machines, etc.

23. Personal computers and peripherals

24. Copiers

25. Gas and kerosene equipment

26. Textile products

27. Lubrication oil

28. Electric wires

29. Construction materials

30. Bath tubs and bathroom units

31. Kitchen components

32. Cellular phones and PHS

33. Fluorescent tubes

34. Vending machines

35. Single-use cameras

1. Paper○ Outline of the Guidelines

1. Promoting paper recycling① Target

A targeted recycling rate of 60% shall be attained by the end of FY2005 in the paper/pulp manufacturing industry.

②Paper recycling opportunities shall be increased.③Utilization of recycled papers, etc. shall be promoted.④New recycling depsoitory centers for used papers, etc. shall be

cultivated.2. Promoting collection of used paper①Collection of used paper from offices shall be promoted.②Collection of used paper from households shall be promoted

through citizen group-based collection systems, etc.3. Promoting recycling of paper containers and

packaging of commercial products①Recycling of paper containers and packaging of beverage products

shall be promoted.②Recycling of paper packaging of products other than beverages

shall be also promoted.③Instruction shall be given to businesses on the application of a

recyclable identification marking system for packaging of their products.

1. Paper recycling rate has increased.FY2003 60.4% ← FY2002 59.8%

2. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted.

①Various events and seminars have been held (including recycled paper fairs, paper recycling week, seminars on paper recycling and invitation to plant tour).

②Promotional brochures were prepared and distributed. Internet web sites have been used as publicity.

3. Other efforts①Internet online system has been initiated for facilitating the collection of used

paper from offices②A fact-finding survey on recycling of used paper at offices was conducted.③A fact-finding survey on paper recycling for various purposes was conducted.

(It was found that 202 thousand tons of used paper were recycled in FY2003.)④A target was set for the collection rate of used paper containers of beverage

products (35.0% by the end of FY2005). Labeling rate of recyclable identification marks on paper containers of beverage products has been increased from 64.5% as of June 2002 to 98.7% as of May 2003.

○ Additional Measures Planned to be Implemented in the Future

<Further promotion of paper recycling>Possibility of setting a higher target for the paper recycling rate will be deliberated by analyzing the recycling trend.

<Further promotion of recycling of used paper containers and packaging>Plan to further encourage businesses to promote voluntary efforts of applying recyclable identification marks on paper containers and corrugated cases of their products. Plan to conduct a fact-finding survey to determine the application rate of identification marks for corrugated cases.

Paper Collection Rate and Paper Recycling Rate

1

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Paper recycling ratePaper collection rate

(year)

(%)

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)

(Source: Annual Report of Statistics on Paper/Pulp)

Paper collection rate Paper recycling rate

2. Glass Bottles○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September 2003)1. Promoting recycling① Target

A targeted cullet use rate of 85% shall be attained for glass bottles by the end of FY2005.②Utilization of advanced machines such as foreign material elimination

machines shall be promoted.③Technological development of recyclable glass bottles shall be promoted.④Use of the “ecology bottles” made of 100% cullets shall be promoted.

2. Promoting the development of new depository centers for cullets①Market cultivation of cullets shall be promoted to seek effective ways to

increase cullet supply.②Possibility to increase the demand of cullets in the public sector shall be

sought.3. Seeking quality improvement of cullets

Enhanced cooperation of communities, municipalities and citizens shall be sought to ensure the proper classification of used glass bottles to be collected for recycling.

4. Promoting measures to reduce waste and increase the reuse rate①Development and utilization of lightweight glass bottles shall be promoted.②Measures to increase the use of industry-standardized glass bottles shall be

developed and a reuse rate target of returnable bottles shall be set.


○ Additional Measures Planned for Implementation in the Future

<Further promotion of recycling>- New targets will be sought, including a higher target for the cullet use rate and an

introduction of a new index. - Continued efforts will be made to increase the use of ecology bottles.<Development of new depsoitory centers for glass bottle recycling>・-

Information on successful glass bottle recycling for newly-cultivated purposes will be distributed over the internet to promote implementation of such recycling.

<Other efforts>- Continued efforts will be made to promote recycling/waste reduction measures in

accordance with the Guidelines including enhanced introduction of lightweight glass bottles.

1. Recycling rate has increased.Target

Cullet use rate FY2003 90.3% ← FY2002 83.3%Industry-wide requirements for receivable cullets have been revised (since October 2003) to control the quality of cullets.Market demand of ecology bottles has increased. In 2003, approx.97.5 million ecology bottles were shipped (up 6.8% from the previous year).

2. Potential new depository centers for cullets have been cultivatedA fact-finding survey on the marketability of existing cullet-made products was conducted (in FY2004).

3. Quality improvement of cullets has been sought. A survey was conducted to evaluate the quality of collected glass bottles to see how selected collection systems work, and continued efforts have been made to improve the cullet quality.

4. Measures for promoting waste reduction and increasing the reuse rate have been implemented.

- Successful development of lightweight bottles for beer, milk and liquid seasoning products has resulted in 10 to 30% reduction of weight.

- Introduction of the “R” mark, which intends to stimulate attitudes toward recycling, has been realized. Standardized glass bottles have been introduced and continue to be widely used. In FY2003, approximately 17.3 million standardized glass bottles were shipped (up 42.7% from the previous year).

Glass bottles produced, Cullets used and Cullet use rate

2

(en thousand tons) Glass bottles produced Cullets used Cullet use rate (%)

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 (year)Note: Cullets are defined as crushed glass bottles that are collected as recyclable waste and sorted by colorCullet use rate = the amount of cullets used divided by the amount of glass bottles producedAmount of cullets used = the amount of cullets used in plants + the amount of cullets used in communities

(Source: Japan Glass Bottle Association: http://www.glass.recycle-as.gr.jp)

3. Steel Cans○ Outline of the Guidelines

1. Promoting recycling and waste reduction①Target

A targeted recycling rate of 85% shall be attained and exceeded.②Extensive recycling measures shall be promoted. Also, the

development of thinner and lightweight steel cans shall be promoted.③Recycling as a steelmaking option shall be promoted.④Recycling measures in cooperation with the Containers and

Packaging Recycling Law shall be developed.2. Strengthening Various Measures (Japan Steel Can Recycling

Association)The Association is planning to further strengthen their measures, included below, aiming at the creation of a recycling-based social system in cooperation with the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law.

①Measures for promoting recycling②Measures for cleaner, organized collection of waste③Measures for educating citizens


1. Recycling rate has been increased.FY2003 87.5% ← FY2002 86.1%(under the new definition) (under the new definition)

2. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted.

①A press conference was held. Also, important recycling-related information was sent to the public via newspaper advertisements, the internet and brochures.

②Symposiums and study sessions were held (including opinion exchange meetings with municipalities).

3. Other efforts①Technological development to make steel cans thinner and lighter has been

successfully achieved, resulting in a substantial thinning when compared to 30 years ago.

②An instruction brochure on recycling facilities and equipment was prepared and distributed.

③Consultation services have commenced.④Public opinions about selected collection were obtained by means of

questionnaires, and were released to the public.


<Planned activities>Since the target set for steel can recycling has already been reached and an organized recycling system has been successfully built for steel cans, future efforts will be in the areas of system maintenance, publicity and education.

3

84.2 85.2 86.1 87.582.982.579.6

77.3

44.8

50.1

56.861.0

73.869.8

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

(thousand tons)

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0(％)

Recycling rate

Weight of steel cans recycled

Recycling rate of steel cans

Weight of steel cans consumed

4. Aluminum Cans○ Outline of the Guidelines1. Promoting recycling① The target is to increase the collection/recycling rate of aluminum cans

to 85% by the end of FY2006.② Know-how of well-organized collection methods shall be provided to

schools and supermarkets. ③ Waste reduction shall be promoted through the use of thinner, lighter

materials.2. Promoting sustainable recycling

The Guidelines, aiming to maintain the high can-to-can rate and make it even higher, intend to reach and exceed the material recycling rate of 55% by the end of FY2006. Accordingly, the Guidelines intend to encourage steel can producers to use more recycled materials.

3. Improving the collection systemJapan Aluminum Can Recycling Association intends to increase and improve the quality of nationwide collection sites, designedto deal with all aluminum containers and packaging which meet the requirements for selected collection and waste storage underthe Containers and Packaging Recycling Law.

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)1．Recycling rate has increased.

The collection/recycling rate for aluminum cans reached 81.8% in FY2003 (cf. 83.1% in FY2002).The can-to-can rate at the end of FY2003 was 47.9%. (Data collection for the can-to-can rate started in FY2003.)

2. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted.① An educational brochure was prepared. Informative video-tapes on

environmental issues were produced for viewing by the public.② Various events for the promotion of recycling were held. Recycling facility

tours were planned and implemented. Study sessions were held.③ Various groups and elementary/junior high schools that made active

commitments to the collection of used aluminum cans were honored with testimonial commending. (A total of 120 groups were honored during FY2003.)

3. Other efforts.① Efforts have been made to increase the number of collection bases. Listing of

collection sites has been improved.② Technological developments to make aluminum cans thinner and lid diameter

smaller have been promoted. ③ In response to the introduction of the recycling rate analysis, a fair assessment

system involving an independent third party evaluation has been introduced (since 1999).


4

1. Further promotion of recycling① Deliberations on the introduction of specific measures to improve the rate of

recycling of businesses will commence. ② Improvement of the precision of surveys to identify the recycled weight of

aluminum cans will be sought.③ Improvement of waste collection routes will be sought, aiming at achieving

more effective recycling.④ Improvement of waste reduction will be sought by using thinner, lighter

materials.2. Promotion of sustainable recycling

Measures for improving the rate of use of recycled materials for aluminum can production will be deliberated.

3. OtherPublicity and educational activities will be further promoted.

Weight of Aluminum Cans Consumed and Recycled

25,26933,23038,94035,94531,680

40,62945,44253,64560,482

69,986

109,664

149,035147,560161,185

180,256

197,824201,086

247,815264,655271,298274,660271,034275,751

265,541

283,402292,392297,047

4,336 7,66010,23110,83611,09315,94418,26621,78924,59428,84845,498

62,76677,723

106,488116,258

151,453

173,802190,391

199,460201,730216,549214,107

234,522242,908243,071

62,150 68,612

17.2

23.126.3

30.135

39.4 40.2 40.6 40.6 41.2 41.5 41.7 42.5 42.6 43.1

53.857.8

61.165.7

70.2 72.6 74.478.5 80.6 82.8 83.1 81.8

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

(year)

(ton)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

（％）

Aluminum cans consumed Aluminum cans recycled

Recycling rate

5. Plastics○ Outline of the Guidelines1. Promoting recyclingTarget① A targeted collection rate of 80% shall be attained by the end of

FY2014 for all PET bottles of beverage and soy sauce products.② A targeted recycling rate of 40% shall be attained by the end of

FY2005 for EPS (expanded polystyrene), which is widely used as a container for agricultural or fishery products and as packaging of home electric appliances as well.

③ A targeted recycling rate of 60% shall be attained (in FY2003) for PVC films used for agricultural purposes.

④ A targeted recycling rate of 80% shall be attained by the end of FY2005 for PVC tubes and joints.

(Note: The dotted underlined part above shows revised figures as of September 2004)2. Promoting chemical recycling, etc.

Continued efforts shall be made to promote material and chemical recycling of plastics, as raw materials to make plastic for liquefaction, gasification or blast furnaces. Chemical recycling of plastics containing halogen shall be also promoted.

3. Promoting energy collection/utilization① Energy collection from waste plastics shall be promoted.② Comparative studies shall be introduced to evaluate current energy

collection/utilization methodologies in order to determine the most ecologically efficient methodology.

4. Promoting the reduction of plastic waste① Economizing of packaging materials shall be promoted. (ex. by

means of encouraging manufacturers to produce more refillable products)

② Publicity and educational activities shall be actively implemented.③ It is necessary to encourage manufacturers to apply recyclable

identification marks on product packaging.5. Other① Cooperation with assembly and processing businesses shall be

promoted.② Development and utilization of biodegradable plastics shall be

promoted.

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)1. Recycling rate has increased.

The collection rate of PET bottles reached 60.9% in FY2003. (cf. 53.4% in FY2002)The recycling rate for EPS reached 39.3% in 2003. (cf. 39.1% in 2002)The recycling rate of PVC films used for agricultural purposes reached 48% in 2001. (cf. 51% in 1999)

2. Recycling has been promoted.① Infrastructure to facilitate the collection of PET bottles and make a practical estimation on future

collections has been improved. Analytical efforts are being made to obtain estimated collection rates from 2005 on.

② Monomer-recycled PET bottles have been widely used.③ Since November 2003, used PVC tubes without pretreatment have been accepted for recycling at

a reasonable fee when brought to a contract agent responsible for intermediate treatment for recycling.

3. Publicity and educational activities have been actively conducted.① Educational brochures have been prepared and distributed. The internet has been utilized to send

out informative periodicals.② Informative tools explaining the utilization and recycling of plastics, designed for

elementary/junior high school students and teachers respectively, have been developed and released to the public on internet websites.

③ Various events for promoting recycling have been held (including seminars on biodegradable plastics).

④ Use of standardized recycled PVC tubes has been promoted. (The recycled PVC tube has been registered with Japan Sewage Works Association as an officially approved recycled material.

4. Technological development① Recycling to convert waste PVC tubes into blast furnace material has been taking place since

May 2004.② A database on thermal recycling technologies has been compiled and regularly updated.③ As a result of analytical studies on ecological efficiency, it was discovered that the highest level

of energy collection could be attained from mixed general waste plastics.④ Material recycling of waste PVC films for agricultural use has been successful in business terms.


5

1. Further promotion of recycling① The number of contract agents responsible for intermediate treatment for recycling will be

increased nationwide (PVC tubes and joints).② Educational activities for improving the system of selected collection will be further promoted.③ Recycling technologies for FRP will be developed.2. Promotion of energy collection and utilization○ Comparative studies to evaluate current energy collection/utilization methodologies will be

conducted to determine the most ecologically efficient methodology.

6. Automobiles○ Outline of the Guidelines

(1) Facilitating the inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law(2) Targets①A targeted recycling rate of 90% or higher shall be attained for all new

vehicles.②Amount of lead used for each new vehicle (excluding batteries) to be

released from January 2006 shall be limited to the level of one-tenth or less of the level recorded in 1996③Use of mercury shall be prohibited from January 2005 onwards (with

some exceptions)④Use of sexivalent chrome shall be prohibited from January 2008 onwards⑤Use of cadmium shall be prohibited from January 2007 onwards.⑥A targeted recycling rate for used vehicles of 85% or higher shall be

attained. It is planned that the target will be increased to 95% from 2015. (3) Promoting environment-friendly approaches in the stages of designing

and manufacturing to control the amount of shredder dust(4) Promoting recycling of shredder dust, airbags and chlorofluorocarbon

(CFC), including proper disposal of chlorofluorocarbon.(5) Promoting the use of reused parts(6) Promoting measures to ensure proper collection

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)1. Preparations to facilitate the efficient inauguration of the End-of-Life

Vehicle Recycling Law have been made.① Automakers and other organizations responsible for recycling are divided into two groups

which are working on the improvement of a recycling system for shredder dust.② A corporation has been established to organize nationwide recycling activities of CFC,

airbags, etc. and is to supervise 9 CFC disposal facilities and 5 airbag recycling facilities nationwide.

③ Standardized automobile recycling fees determined by the domestic automobile industry were released to the public in July 2004.

④ Orientation was given to recycling businesses nationwide (during the period between January and June 2004) and educational brochures have been distributed widely to inform relevant bodies and businesses of the government’s recycling policy with regards to automobiles.

2. Voluntary efforts① Recycling rate of end-of-life vehicles reached 84 to 86% in FY2001.② A total of 26 models of cars now comply with the officially suggested low level of

lead (In FY2003, 26 new models were launched in the auto market.)③ A target for the control of materials adversely affecting the environment was set and

released to the public.④ The Green Purchasing Law has been revised to add the item “auto repairs,” requiring

governments to take action to promote the recycling of used auto parts.


1. Efforts to facilitate the smooth inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law

① It is necessary to promote preparations for practical operation of the Law in cooperation with automakers and relevant organizations.

② Orientation regarding the enforcement of the Law will be given to relevant businesses nationwide. It is also necessary to inform car owners nationwide of the facts regarding the enforcement of the Law through publicity activities including television and radio advertisement.

③ Specific measures will be deliberated for the promotion of recycling in isolated islands as well as for countermeasures against illegally abandoned vehicles, in cooperation with municipalities.

④ The government continues to encourage relevant businesses and organizations to promote voluntary efforts, with the aim to reach the recyclable rate for new vehicles of 90% or higher and also reach the target set for the reduction of materials adversely affecting the environment.

⑤ Research and technological development will be further promoted to increase recycling of shredder dust, airbags, etc. in an effort to find new ways to cut the use of CFC or even introduce other environment-friendly materials for auto air-conditioners. 6

Transfer of CFC, etc.Obligation to take care of waste CFC, etc.

Collecting fee of CFC, etc.

Final owner

Reusable parts

End-of-life vehicle

Dealers, agents and auto repair shops responsible for receiving end-of-life vehicles

(responsible for promoting recycling by m

eans of either carryingout

recycling by themselves or having an agent carry out recycling for them

)

Flow of end-of-life vehicles

Flow of money

Autom

akers and car importers

Make payment and transfer a vehicle

Claim payment and transfer

Transfer of shredder dustObligation to take care of shredder dust

Owner of a new vehicle

Used car

Deposit a recycling fee

Reusable or recyclable metals

Market of recycled

parts and metals

*1 *1Owner of a secondhand vehicle

Summary Chart of How the Laws are Supporting the Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles

Transfer/Obligation to take care of end-of-life vehicles

*2 Designated organization takes care of recycling only when no one is found responsible for recycling. The organization is also responsible for recycling activities in isolated islands as well as financial contribution to measures against illegally abandoned vehicles

Auto wreckers

Transfer of airbags, etc.Obligation to take care of waste airbags, etc.

Collecting fee for waste airbags, etc.

Businesses responsible for collecting waste CFC, etc.

Shredder operators

Registered

Approved

authorized

Online notification

Evidence of payment and transfer (confirmation of the completion of recycling)

Flow of information

Corporation responsible for capital management (Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)

Information control center

(Japan Autom

obile Recycling Prom

otion Center)

Designated organization

responsible for car recycling (Japan A

utomobile R

ecycling Prom

otion Center)

End-of-life vehicle

End-of-life vehicle

Registered

Approved

End-of-life vehicle

Transfer to take care of end-of-life vehicles



Transfer of CFC, etc.Obligation to take care of waste CFC, etc.

Collecting fee of CFC, etc.

Final owner

Reusable parts

End-of-life vehicle

Dealers, agents and auto repair shops responsible for receiving end-of-life vehicles

(responsible for promoting recycling by m

eans of either carryingout

recycling by themselves or having an agent carry out recycling for them

)

Flow of end-of-life vehicles

Flow of money

Autom

akers and car importers

Make payment and transfer a vehicle

Claim payment and transfer

Transfer of shredder dustObligation to take care of shredder dust

Owner of a new vehicle

Used car

Deposit a recycling fee

Reusable or recyclable metals

Market of recycled

parts and metals

*1 *1Owner of a secondhand vehicle

Summary Chart of How the Laws are Supporting the Recycling of End-of-Life Vehicles

Transfer/Obligation to take care of end-of-life vehicles

*2 Designated organization takes care of recycling only when no one is found responsible for recycling. The organization is also responsible for recycling activities in isolated islands as well as financial contribution to measures against illegally abandoned vehicles

Auto wreckers

Transfer of airbags, etc.Obligation to take care of waste airbags, etc.

Collecting fee for waste airbags, etc.

Businesses responsible for collecting waste CFC, etc.

Shredder operators

Registered

Approved

authorized

Online notification

Evidence of payment and transfer (confirmation of the completion of recycling)

Flow of information

Corporation responsible for capital management (Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)

Information control center

(Japan Autom

obile Recycling Prom

otion Center)

Designated organization

responsible for car recycling (Japan A

utomobile R

ecycling Prom

otion Center)

End-of-life vehicle

End-of-life vehicle

Registered

Approved

End-of-life vehicle




7. Motorbikes○ Outline of the Guidelines

1. Establishing the recycling system for motorbikes・ Automakers shall organize and operate a recycling network in cooperation

with relevant businesses.・ Automakers shall be responsible for establishing designated collection sites of

disused motorbikes as well as recycling facilities. (More than 100 collection sites and more than 10 recycling sites shall be established nationwide.)

・ Automakers are required to use a “recyclable identification mark” on each newly distributed motorbike.

2. Promoting the recycling rate and reduction of harmful substances

Targets① A targeted recyclable rate of 90% shall be attained and exceeded for all new

models of motorbikes.② Amount of lead to be used for each new 210-kilogram-category of motorbike

(excluding batteries) released from January 2006 shall be limited to the level of 60 grams or below.

③ Use of mercury shall be prohibited from 2004 onwards④ Use of sexivalent chrome shall be prohibited from January 2008 onwards.⑤ Use of cadmium shall be prohibited from January 2007 onwards.⑥ A targeted recycling rate of 85% shall be attained for all motorbikes⑦ The targeted recycling rate shall be increased to 95% from FY2015.

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)1. Preparations to facilitate the start of the recycling system from

October 2004 have been made. ① A total of 190 collection sites for end-of-life motorbikes, approx.15,000 dealers who

accept end-of-life motorbikes and 14 facilities for disposal and recycling of end-of-life motorbikes have been designated.

② Once the system starts, all motorbikes to be marketed are required to carry a “recyclable identification mark.” As for motorbikes which have already been distributed to users before the inauguration of the system, a recycling fee shall be charged at the time of disposal.

2. “Recycling Initiatives” and other voluntary action plans have been implemented.

① The 10 new models which were introduced to the motorbike market in 2003 all show a recyclable rate of 90% or higher (meeting the ISO recycling rate requirement).

② The 10 new models which were introduced to the motorbike market in 2003 all satisfy the target for lead reduction.

3. Pre-marketing assessment on new products to evaluate their 3R efforts was conducted.

Aspects focused on when checked in the assessment include: ① Level of waste reduction efforts, through the introduction of new materials, reduction

of sizes of parts, etc. ② Reuse efforts and measures to facilitate recycling, such as the use of recycled bumper

materials or PP materials, etc. as well as the introduction of recyclable markings on resin-made parts, etc. to make it easier to find recyclable materials at the time of dismantling end-of-life products.


1. Preparations for the implementation of voluntary recycling initiatives

Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center will play the central role in using publicity to raise people’s understanding of the recycling system.① Publicity through various media will be conducted.② Cooperation with dealers and municipalities will be sought for effective publicity.③ Consumer service departments (call centers for recycling of motorbikes) responsible

for dealing with inquiries and questions will be established.2. Setting new targets① Step-by-step reduction of sexivalent chrome-containing parts② Complete elimination of cadmium

7

Final user User of an existing motorbike distributed by a participant manufacturer and user of a motorbike distributed by a non-participant manufacturer

Designated collection sites (more than 100 sites nationwide)

Transporters

Disposal and recycling facilities (more than 10 facilities nationwide)

used motorbikes

Motorbike dealers

User of a new motorbike “Recyclable identification mark”-labeled motorbikes

Motorbike m

anufacturers and importers

who participate in the recycling netw

ork

Recycling has an influence over the selling prices of each new motorbike

Management description sheet 1


Storage and management fees


Transportation fee

Disposal fee

Reusable parts, metals, etc.

Cost of collection

Flow of end-of-life motorbikes labeled with the “recyclable identification mark”- and notification

Flow of end-of-life motorbikes for which recycling payment is due and notification

Market of recycled parts Market of recycled metals, etc.

Disposal and recycling facilities for tires and batteries

Dealers of used motorbikes

Recyclable resources collection businesses

Final user User of an existing motorbike distributed by a participant manufacturer and user of a motorbike distributed by a non-participant manufacturer

Designated collection sites (more than 100 sites nationwide)

Transporters

Disposal and recycling facilities (more than 10 facilities nationwide)

used motorbikes

Motorbike dealers

User of a new motorbike “Recyclable identification mark”-labeled motorbikes

Motorbike m

anufacturers and importers

who participate in the recycling netw

ork

Recycling has an influence over the selling prices of each new motorbike



Storage and management fees


Transportation fee

Disposal fee

Reusable parts, metals, etc.

Cost of collection

Flow of end-of-life motorbikes labeled with the “recyclable identification mark”- and notification

Flow of end-of-life motorbikes for which recycling payment is due and notification

Market of recycled parts Market of recycled metals, etc.

Disposal and recycling facilities for tires and batteries

Dealers of used motorbikes

Recyclable resources collection businesses

8. Tires○ Outline of the Guidelines

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)1. Organization of collection/disposal routes have been

promoted.① A fact-finding survey on auto wreckers was conducted.② Online listing of all relevant parties including those who generated waste,

material-recycled or thermal-recycled the waste, and used the recycled product, etc. has been promoted. Development and maintenance of major accounts that consume a large amount of recycled tires has been promoted. A fact-finding survey was conducted to investigate how abandoned tires are disposed. Instructions were given to relevant parties on the recycling system.

③ Collection and recycling achievements have been released to the press.2. Measures for promoting recycling and reuse of waste have

been promoted.① Recycling rate reached 87% in 2003, maintaining the level of the previous

year.※ It is expected that the rate will increase during 2004 since several major

accounts (buyers of waste) are starting large-scale recycling. ② Preparations have been made for the establishment of the 3R Promotion

Committee or several subcommittees respectively responsible for specific key issues.


① Listing of all relevant parties, including those who generated waste and are using thermal-recycled waste, will be further improved and expanded, and careful attention will be paid to maintain the proper operation of the appointed system in the recycling network. These efforts are essential to make the network larger.

② The 3R Promotion Committee or subcommittees respectively responsible for discussing specific important issues will be established.

③ Various measures in accordance with the Guidelines will be further promoted.

8

1. Establishing collection/disposal routes① It is desirable that all auto wreckers participate in the recycling

network so that they can work unhindered with collectors and transporters for disposal of waste tires.

② Proper disposal of waste tires as well as the above-mentioned network shall be promoted.

③ Collection/recycling achievements shall be promoted.2. Implementing measures to promote recycling and

reuse of waste① A targeted recycling rate of 90% shall be attained by the end of 2005.② Use of recycled tires shall be promoted.③ Material recycling shall be promoted.

Trend of collection of waste tires and recycling

1. Amount of waste tires generated and the corresponding reasonsNumber of waste tires generated (unit: million tires), Weight (unit: thousand tons), ( ) Figures in parentheses show share (unit:%), Ratio to the previous year (unit:%)

Ratio to theprevious year

Number of wastetires generated 79 80 83 82 78 95.1

Weight 791 (81) 842 (82) 860 (81) 835 (80) 806 (78) 96.5Number of wastetires generated 22 23 24 24 25 104.2

Weight 181 (19) 187 (18) 199 (19) 205 (20) 224 (22) 109.3Number of wastetires generated 101 103 107 106 103 97.2

Weight 972 (100) 1,029 (100) 1,059 (100) 1,040 (100) 1,030 (100) 99.0

2. Recycling trendWeight (unit: thousand tons), Share (unit: %), Ratio to the previous year (unit:%)

Weight Share Weight Share Weight Share Weight Share Weight Share Ratio to theprevious year

60 6 50 5 43 4 41 4 36 4 87.8106 11 102 10 98 9 93 9 97 9 104.332 3 44 4 40 4 40 4 39 4 97.5

198 20 196 19 181 17 174 17 172 17 98.9297 31 361 35 316 30 284 27 240 23 84.591 9 75 7 70 7 66 6 23 2 34.843 5 57 6 90 8 55 5 48 5 87.334 3 30 3 30 3 26 3 20 2 76.940 4 39 4 55 5 56 6 42 4 75.032 3 42 4 70 7 86 8 70 7 81.4

9 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 8 1 133.3

546 56 611 60 637 61 579 56 451 44 77.9Abroad 112 12 95 9 120 11 148 14 268 26 181.1

856 88 902 88 938 89 901 87 891 87 98.917 2 31 3 37 3 119.4

104 9 108 10 102 10 94.4116 12 127 12 121 11 139 13 139 13 100.0972 100 1,029 100 1,059 100 1,040 100 1,030 100 99.0（Source: Recycling department of The Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association, Inc.）

Total (Total weight of waste generated: A+B+C+D)

Total weight recycled (A+B+C)LandfillDead stockSubtotal (D)

Other

Recycled tire casingsRecycled rubber and rubber powderOtherSubtotal (A)Cement making Medium- and small-sized boilersSteel-makingMetal-refiningConsumed at tire manufacturing plants

2003

Recycled

Within Japan

Material

recyclingTherm

al recycling

Paper-makingPower generation (excluding what is consumed at tiremanufacturing plants)Subtotal (B)

Exported (to be used as recycled tire casings, used tires, etc.) (C)

1999 2000 2001 2002

2000 2001 2002 2003

When an old tire is replaced with a new one

When a vehicle ends its life

Total

1999

9. Bicycles○ Outline of the Guidelines 1. Promoting 3R-based approaches of manufacturers in

the stages of designing and manufacturing Development of environment-friendly designs with easy recycling features shall be promoted, and the use of long-life parts shall also be promoted.

2. Setting targets① The targeted recycling rate was set during FY2001.② The target reuse rate shall be set.3. Promoting measures for collecting waste bicycles and

countermeasures against abandoning bicyclesThe following efforts shall be made in cooperation with bicycle shops and local public organizations:① To encourage retail shops to take care of more waste bicycles② To increased area coverage of the waste bicycle collection project

jointly operated by retailers and the Bicycle Environmental Promotion Association.

③ To seek enhanced cooperation from local public organizations forvarious arrangements including the use of press packer automobiles.

4. Promoting educational activities① A “No abandoning bicycles” campaign shall be implemented with

focus on the surrounding areas of railway stations.② Bicycle safety check programs shall be implemented at schools and

railway stations.

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)1. Instruction has been given to bicycle manufacturers to

enhance their 3R-based approaches in the stages of designing and manufacturing

① Manufacturers have been making efforts to develop environment-friendly products.

② Research and surveys have been conducted to find a way to establish standards and requirements on bicycles to cope with 3R measures.

2. Targets have been set.The definition of the recyclable rate was determined as the ratio of weight of recyclable parts to the entire weight of the product. In FY2001, the recyclable rate registered 67%.

3. Other efforts① The project to collect waste bicycles has been conducted (from FY1992 to

FY2003), covering retail shops and those sites where many abandoned bicycles are located in a total of 119 areas nationwide.

② Publicity has been actively conducted to prevent bicycles from being illegally abandoned on the streets (covering a total of 36 sites during FY2003).

③ Bicycle safety check programs have been implemented at retail shops, schools, etc. nationwide (covering a total of 3,290 sites and approx.622000 bicycles during FY2003).


<Enhanced efforts will be made for the promotion of development and manufacturing of environment-friendly, 3R-oriented bicycles>

・ Internet websites will be utilized to further educate people on 3R initiatives.・ Deliberation will be made for revision of the existing “Assessment Manual

Guidelines” aiming to establish new standards or requirements from the viewpoint of enhanced environmental protection.

・ Reduction of waste will be further promoted by encouraging bicycle manufacturers to supply more long-life products.

<Other>・ The campaign to prevent bicycles from being illegally abandoned on the

streets will be continued. 9

10. Home electric appliances○ Outline of the Guidelines 1. Promoting observation of 3R initiatives by

manufacturers in the stages of designing and manufacturing products

① Product assessment shall be conducted in accordance with the Home Electric Appliances Assessment Manual (revised in March 2001).

② Implementation of assessment shall be confirmed and released to the public.

③ Measures for plastic recycling shall be promoted.2. Measures to be taken in the disposal stage ① It is aimed that the targeted reproduction rate stipulated in the Special

Home Electric Appliance Reproduction Law (Electric Appliance Recycling law) for air conditioners, television sets, refrigerators and clothes-washers (hereinafter mentioned collectively as “the designated four items”) shall be attained and exceeded.

② Measures for proper treatment of shredder dust shall be promoted.3. Promoting technological development of easy-to-be-

disposed/recycled features of home electric appliances4. Promoting long-term use of products① Measures to make product lives longer through increased repair

business opportunities shall be promoted.② Overall repair system should be improved through industry-wide

efforts including the promotion of educational and training programs designed for technicians involved in the repair of home electricappliances.

③ Safety inspection programs should be organized for long-life products, and it is also necessary to encourage manufacturers to improve such programs

④ Instruction shall be given to repair shops with regards to reasonable repair fees

⑤ Introduction of insurance programs shall be deliberated.5. Other① It is necessary to encourage manufacturers to reduce the use of lead in

products.② It is necessary to encourage manufacturers to reduce the use of CFC in

products.

○ Current Status and Results (extracts)1. Manufacturers’ 3R-based efforts in the stages of designing

and manufacturing products have been promoted. The internet website of the Association for Home Electric Appliances shows 3R-related informative data including information on actual environmental protection efforts made by manufacturers. During FY2003, the website was revised again to add more information on the recycling flow of the designated four items respectively.

2. Measures for proper treatment of end-of-life products① The following figures show the amount of products disposed and the ratio

recycled during FY2003. (Figures in parentheses are from FY2002.)Number of products disposed Recycling (reproduction) rate

(unit: million products)Air conditioners 1.58 (1.62) 81% (78%)Television sets 3.55 (3.51) 78% (75%)Refrigerators 2.65 (2.56) 63% (61%)Clothes-washers 2.65 (2.41) 65% (60%)Total 10.43 (10.10)

② The Electric Appliance Recycling Law requires the collection of freezers and insulation CFC starting from April 2004.

③ As for CFC used for cooling purpose, 860 tons from air conditioners and 287 tons from refrigerators have been collected.

④ In an effort to promote “DfE” (which stands for “Design for Environment”), manufacturers have been making 3R approaches to designing and development of products, while introducing easy-to-dismantle or easily-recyclable designs.

3. Other effortsAs part of efforts to promote long-term use of products, the guidelines on warning indications have been established to allow consumers to use products more safely.

○ Additional Measures Planned to be Implemented in the Future

1. Measures for proper disposal of productsIntroduction of industry-standardized recyclable identification marks is being deliberated as part of efforts to promote easy-to-dismantle designs. For example, such mark could be embossed, impressed or sealed on any recyclable metal or plastic parts so as to be easily selected for appropriate recycling.

10

11. Spring mattresses○ Outline of the Guidelines

1. Promoting assessment on waste reduction/easy disposal features of products before their introduction into the market A product assessment manual shall be prepared, which details the necessary evaluation on 3R efforts by manufacturers of spring mattresses including the proportion of recyclable materials used, reduction of difficult-to-separate parts, etc.

2. Promoting measures for proper disposal of products① Discussions with Japan Waste Management Association shall be

promoted for the implementation of necessary measures to complement efforts of municipalities.

② Research for developing better disposal techniques shall be promoted.

3. Promoting publicity① Consultation services for disposal shall be provided by All Japan Bed

Industrial Association.② Publicity to raise consumer understanding on proper disposal shall be

conducted.

○ Current Status and Results (extract)

1. Pre-marketing product assessment to evaluate waste reduction/easy disposal features has started.All Japan Bed Industrial Association has requested all its members (business owners) to conduct product assessments to confirm waste reduction/easy disposal features of products.

2. Measures for proper disposal have been deliberated.The December 2003 revision of enforcement regulations of the Waste Management Law has widen its area of coverage. In response to this, the mattress industry has been discussing the introduction of additional measures to further improve their 3R efforts.

3. Publicity has been promoted.All Japan Bed Industrial Association is dealing with inquiries from consumers.


1. Promotion of pre-marketing product assessment by manufacturers will continue to confirm waste reduction/easy disposal features of products.Extensive implementation of product assessment, in accordance with the product assessment manual, will be further promoted, to maintain and improve 3R efforts of manufacturers for spring mattress products including the use of recyclable materials, reduction of difficult-to-separate parts, etc.

2. Measures for proper disposal of end-of-life products will be further implemented.Discussions with Japan Waste Management Association will continue, aiming at the establishment of a cooperative system on designated MSW (municipal solid waste).

3. Publicity will be further promoted.Consultation services and information services will be promoted for facilitating efficient collection and disposal of waste spring mattresses.

11

100% recyclable

This product, already available on the market, is completely recyclable integrating easy-to-dispose features.

12. Large furniture○ Outline of the Guidelines

1. Promoting pre-marketing product assessment to confirm compliance with 3R initiatives

・ In accordance with the third edition of product assessment requirements set by the Japan Office Institutional Furniture Association (JOIFA), businesses shall implement product assessment on large furniture products.

・ Businesses are required to label plastic parts of large furniture with identifying descriptions.

2. Improving collection routes and promoting 3R initiatives

・ Nation-wide organized collection of large waste furniture shall be promoted, in accordance with JOIFA’s regulations, following notification by the Association to all members.

・ Industry-wide standardization of repair parts shall be promoted, to facilitate long-term use of products, by encouraging each manufacturer to carry not only their own but also other manufacturer’s repair parts in stock and also promote reuse measures.

・ JOIFA shall provide consultation services for efficient, proper disposal and collection of large waste furniture.

3. Research on labeling of assessment certification・ Labeling of the “JOIFA number” on a product, which implies

that the product has been through proper product assessment, shall be promoted.

・ Publicity of the JOIFA numbering system has been deliberated.


1. Pre-marketing product assessment will be further promoted to enhance 3R efforts

・ A plan to collect opinions and comments from JOIFA members, through questionnaires, to identify any necessary improvements to the product assessment system will be implemented.

2. Collection routes will be improved and 3R measures will be further promoted.

・ Development of a well-organized collection system will be promoted in order to avoid any confusion about mixed collection and storage of waste from different manufacturers.

3. Research will be conducted for development of an appropriate labeling system

・ For the purpose of promoting long-term use of products, a plan to expand the functions of the “JOIFA number” on products is being considered, so that the number can be conveniently referred to for arranging repairs (with any JOIFA-designated repair center) or for confirmation of product warranty.


1. Pre-marketing product assessment to confirm compliance with 3R initiatives has been promoted.

・ In accordance with the guidelines for compliance with environmental protection measures for large furniture, JOIFA’s member companies conduct product assessment and have introduced labeling of plastic parts with identifying descriptions of their products.

・ The “JOIFA number” system has been introduced, to identify metallic cabinets, office desks, etc. which conform to requirements of the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources.

・ In March 2004, JOIFA released a follow-up report on its voluntary action plans for environmental protection.

・ JOIFA released, on its internet website, environmental protection measures including the introduction of the JOIFA numbering system.

2. Collection routes have been improved.・ Deliberation has been made on the establishment of JOIFA-designated disposal

centers. JOIFA has been making efforts to promote reuse of large waste furniture through distribution of an informative brochure on the utilization of used furniture, etc.

・ Instructions on the collection and disposal of large waste furniture have been revised. Currently, collection and disposal are nationally organized by JOIFA.

12

*JOIFA : JAPAN OFFICE INSTITUTIONAL FURNITURE ASSOCIATION

13. Carpet○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September 2003)1. Promoting waste reduction

○ Current Status and Results (extract)<Waste reduction has been promoted.>・ Weight of waste generated in the manufacturing process of carpets during

FY2003 (and FY2002)Annual production 186,370 tons (186,171 tons)Waste generated 9,809 tons (10,484 tons)Waste generation rate 5.3% (5.6%)Reduction rate (when compared to FY2001) 9.8% (3.6%)

<Recycling has been promoted>・ In order to promote recycling of PVC carpets, generally known as “tile

carpet,” research and experiments on the application of gasification melting and analysis of ingredients and their applicability for blast furnaces or cement kilns have been conducted. As a result, it has been found that thermal recycling is feasible.

<Publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.>・ Japan Carpet Industrial Association has newly released, on their internet

website, 3R initiatives and action plans for environmental protection.・ The Association’s educational efforts also include the arrangement of four

meetings of its recycling committee as well as three meetings of working groups during FY2003.


<Waste reduction will be further promoted>・ Further efforts will be made to reduce in-plant waste generated in the process

of manufacturing products, in accordance with the Guidelines.<Recycling will be further promoted>・ Research and experiments to determine practical, commercial recyclability of

PVC carpets will be continued.<Publicity and educational activities will be further promoted>・ Japan Carpet Industrial Association continues to make efforts for the

promotion of environmental protection measures with updated information on its internet website.

<Other>・ Textile Products 3R Promotion Council continues to make efforts to implemen

and improve 3R action plans, and intends to release achievements and results to the public.

<Target for waste reduction>　 FY2001 FY2006 Reduction rate

Annual production (a) 194,216 194,000 ---

Waste generated in themanufacturing process(b) 10,875 8,698 20%

Waste generation ratein the manufacturingprocess (b/a) 5.6 4.5 ---(Note: Estimated figures for FY2006 are based on the analysis of the3-year trend between 1999 and 2001.)

13

・ Japan Carpet Industrial Association shall promote reduction of waste generated during the manufacturing process, targeting 20% reduction from the waste generated in FY2001, by the end of FY2006. Specifically, the Association shall conduct a fact-finding survey of its member companies to identify and evaluate efforts for the reduction of in-plant waste and also implement educational programs designed for behindhand members.

2. Promoting reuse・The Association shall promote reuse of carpets through the utilization of

effective technologies in the cleaning industry. To this end, the Association shall conduct research for better application of technologies.

3. Promoting recycling・Developing carpets with easy-to-recycle features.・Promoting research and surveys for facilitating effective recycling of used

carpets4. Promoting publicity and educational activities・The Association shall commence consultation services for 3R promotion.・Recycling committees of the Association shall play the central role in

implementing a fact-finding survey to identify 3R measures actually undertaken by manufacturers nationwide.

14. Futon○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September 2003)

1. Promoting waste reductionIt is necessary to promote recycling as well as the reduction ofwaste generated in the process of manufacturing.

2. Promoting reuseIt is necessary to promote reuse and remaking efforts in cooperation with relevant businesses.

3. Promoting recycling ① Deliberation shall be made on the introduction of industry-wide

standards for recycle-friendly designs and a recyclable identification marking system.

② Development of potential recycling depsoitory centers for used futons shall be promoted.

③ An effective collection system for used futons shall be established.

4. Other① Educational activities for consumers shall be promoted, including

the implementation of educational programs on “Futon Day”(February 10th) and “Futon Gift Day” (Respect-for-the-Aged Day), release of information on futon recycling projects throughAll Japan Bedding Item Association’s website, etc.

② Educational programs for the industry shall also be promoted, including the release of recycling-related information through All Japan Bedding Item Association’s bulletins.

③ A fact-finding survey of consumers and municipalities shall be conducted to determine attitudes toward the disposal of end-of-life futons.


<Recycling has been promoted>

<Publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.>

<Waste reduction measures will be further promoted>

<Other>

１４

・Large-scale retailers nationwide have been playing the central role in collection of used futons from households. Research has also been conducted to develop an effective collection system involving bedding shops and efforts have been made to discover uncultivated recycling depsoitory centers.

・As part of the celebration programs for Futon Day (February 10th), All Japan Bedding Item Association provided consumers, during the period between February 4th and 6th 2004, with free-of-charge consultation services about anything related to futons.

・A survey will be conducted to determine the recycling rate and waste generation rate in the process of manufacturing futons.

・Textile Products 3R Promotion Council continues to make efforts to implement and improve 3R action plans, and intends to release achievements and results to the public.


15. Dry cell batteries○ Outline of the Guidelines

Production of mercury batteries has been discontinued. However, it is still necessary to promote the collection of existing mercury batteries which have not been disposed yet. To this end, collection boxes shall be installed at retail outlets for free-of-charge collection, and publicity and educational activities to raise people’s understanding of the necessity of collection and recycling of mercury batteries shall be actively conducted.


Collection boxes for button cell batteries have been distributed to relevant businesses, asking them to cooperate with collection. Publicity has also been conducted.

(Collection routes for button cell batteries)

15

Consum

ers

Route through retailers of electric appliances

Route through supermarkets and mass merchandisers

Route through retailers of hearing aids

Route through watch and camera shops

Retailers of electric appliances

Supermarkets and mass merchandisers

Retailers of hearing aids

Watch and camera shops

Wholesalers

Sales agents

Agents

Hearing aids manufacturers

Battery manufacturers

Collection businesses

Disposal businesses

Consum

ers

Route through retailers of electric appliances

Route through supermarkets and mass merchandisers

Route through retailers of hearing aids

Route through watch and camera shops

Retailers of electric appliances

Supermarkets and mass merchandisers

Retailers of hearing aids

Watch and camera shops

Wholesalers

Sales agents

Agents

Hearing aids manufacturers

Battery manufacturers

Collection businesses

Disposal businesses

Further promotion of the battery collection system through installation of collection boxes, etc is planned. Improvement of collection boxes for button cell batteries is also planned.


16. Small-sized secondary batteries, etc.

1. Setting collection targetsTargeted recycling rates stipulated in the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources are as follows:

Small-sized seal lead batteries: 50% Nickel-cadmium batteries: 60%Nickel metal-hydride batteries: 55% Lithium secondary batteries: 30%

Targeted collection rate of nickel-cadmium batteries is 45% by the end of FY2005, and 75% for small-sized seal lead batteries by the end of FY2005.

2. Improving collection system and collection rate ① For small-sized seal lead storage batteries which are not covered by the

collection system operated by JBRC (JBRC is a limited liability company responsible for recycling of batteries), an efficient collection system shall be established to materialize the airtight lead storage battery recycling scheme which is currently under deliberation.

② JBRC shall make efforts to expand and improve collection sites.③ In an effort to strengthen the collection system, JBRC shall be responsible

for online data management including information on parties using collection services, transportation details, contents of products to be collected, etc.

3. Introduction of the labeling system and the utilization of publicity and educational measures

① Extensive introduction of identification labeling shall be promoted to facilitate the selected collection of four types of small-sized secondary batteries.

② Publicity and educational measures shall be implemented continuously through various media.

4. Measures for built-in small-sized secondary batteries① For efficient collection and recycling of small-sized secondary batteries, it

is necessary for built-in batteries to be easily removed from the product. Instruction shall be given to manufacturers to design ways of easy removal.

② It is also necessary to establish a collection system for batteries being used inside leased products or products for business use.

③ Results and achievements attained from the implementation of 3R measures in the stage of designing and manufacturing shall be released to the public.

1. Recycling rates (registered at the end of FY 2003)Sources: JBRC and Battery Association of JapanSmall-sized seal lead batteries: 50% Nickel-cadmium batteries: 73%Nickel metal-hydride batteries: 78% Lithium secondary batteries: 62%Lithium secondary batteries collected through the mobile recycling network: 55%

2. Collection system has been improved and collection rate has beenincreased.

① JBRC has installed a total of 8000 collection sites for businesses and 60 sites for municipalities.

② In order to better manage collection and improve efficiency of collection, the internet has been utilized for various purposes, including a service taking orders for collection, quick arrangement of transportation services, confirmation of recycler’s receipt of collected batteries, etc.

3. Identification labeling has been introduced and publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.Publicity has been actively conducted including participation in various events such as eco product fairs and preparation of informative and educational brochures (such as guidance for recycling).

<A further increase in the rate of recycling will be sought>Continued efforts will be made to acknowledge achievements and seek higher targets.

16

0100200300400500600700800900

100011001200

FY2001 FY2002 FY2003

Am

ount

col

lect

ed (u

nit:

ton)

Nickel-cadmium batteries Nickel metal-hydride batteriesLithium-ion batteries Small-sized seal lead batteries

Waste collection achievements for small-sized rechargeable batteries<Improvement of the collection

system and collection rate will be sought>Continued efforts will be made to expand and improve collection routes

<An identification labeling system will be promoted. Publicity and educational activities will also be promoted.>It is important to promote identification labeling in accordance with the fourth edition of the guidelines on identification labeling for small-sized rechargeable batteries.


○ Outline of the Guidelines


17. Storage batteries for automobiles and two-wheel vehicles

1. Utilization of publicity and educational measures① Battery manufacturers and other relevant businesses shall be

responsible for promoting collection/recycling efforts and expanding collection/recycling routes.

② As for publicity aimed at consumers, the Battery Association of Japan shall release information on the free-of-charge collection system (involving retailers, etc) on their internet website. Other publicity measures will include participation in exhibitions, advertisements in trade papers, etc.

2. Deliberating the establishment of an effective recycling systemIt is desirable to establish, before the inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law, a practical and effective collection/recycling system for used lead storage batteries of automobiles and two-wheel vehicles. In the course of organizing the system, it is necessary to take into consideration ongoing discussions and preparations being made for the Law inauguration and to also consider countermeasures against “free riders.”

1. Publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.Important information is available to the public on Battery Association of Japan’s website. The Association participated in various events including environmental protection fairs.

2. Deliberation on the establishment of an effective recycling system has been undertaken.Exchange of opinions among recyclers, battery importers, etc. have been conducted for the restructure of the recycling system. Exchange of opinions include discussions on the creation of an ideal recycling system covering imported products, possible revision of the Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources to include storage batteries in its list of designated products for recycling, etc.

<Deliberation on the restructure of the recycling system will continue.>While taking into consideration the January 2005 inauguration of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law, deliberations on the restructure of the recycling system for automobile batteries will continue.

17

<Publicity and educational measures will be further promoted.>

Battery Association of Japan will update information on their internet website continuously. In addition, the Association continues to actively participate in various recycling-related events and also utilizes publicity by running advertisement in their bulletins, etc.


○ Outline of the Guidelines ○ Current Status and Results (extract)

Recycling flow with battery manufacturers taking the responsibility of collecting, recycling and disposing of used batteries

notification of collection

general users

retail shops

wholesalers

sales agents

manufacturers of storage

batteries

free of charge

trade-in waste batteries



products products products products waste

generated waste

generated waste

generated responsible for

waste management

generated wastecollection

collection/transportation businesses

bring in collected waste

disposal businesses

contract

recycled lead

Recycling flow with battery manufacturers taking the responsibility of collecting, recycling and disposing of used batteries

notification of collection

general users

retail shops

wholesalers

sales agents

manufacturers of storage

batteries

free of charge




products products products products waste

generated waste

generated waste

generated responsible for

waste management

generated wastecollection

collection/transportation businesses

bring in collected waste

disposal businesses

contract

recycled lead

18. Cassette gas cylinders

1. Disposal methodDiscussions shall be undertaken with Japan Waste Management Association to create a nationally uniform waste collection system and at the same time resolving necessary issues.Publicity shall be utilized to raise consumer understanding that it is necessary to “completely use up internal gas and then send used cylinders to be recycled.”

2. Technological developmentDevelopment of portable cooking stoves with an advanced feature of facilitating complete consumption of gas inside a cylinder shall be promoted.

3. Countermeasures aimed at used products having residual gas insidePublicity shall be utilized to make consumers understand that it is important to send waste cylinders to recycling sites after completely consuming internal gas.

1. Proper disposal methods have been widely advertisedAdvertisements promoting the following message, “Completely use up internal gas, then send used cylinders to recycling sites,” have been widely run through radio, magazines, as well as through participation in the Hotel & Restaurant Show and International Housewares Show, incentive campaigns for promotion of safety and instruction booklets inserted in product packages

2. Technological development has been promoted.Development and sale of a portable cooking stove equipped with heating function have been promoted.

1. Disposal methodDeliberation will be made on clarification of responsibilities of relevant businesses and organizations in the collection/recycling system

2. Technological development and sales promotionIt is important to further promote portable cooking stoves with advanced feature of facilitating complete consumption of gas inside a cassette cylinder. It is also necessary to conduct a survey to see whether such products successfully use up all residual gas in waste cylinders.

3. Countermeasures aimed at cylinders having residual gas Publicity will continue to further improve consumer understanding of the importance of “using up internal gas before sending used cylinders to recyclingsites.”

18



Source: Japan Industrial Association of Gas and Kerosene Appliances

19. Aerosol cans

1. Disposal methodIt is necessary to seek solutions to improve the current disposal practices (including design changes, education of consumers to make them understand the importance of using up internal gas, introduction of disposal instructions to be labeled on each product and improvement of collection/disposal methods).

2. Measures for proper disposal of products having residual gasDiscussions shall be promoted among the Aerosol Industry Association of Japan, industrial groups and municipalities to deliberate various issues including clarification of financial and other responsibilities of relevant parties, improvement of product features and disposal facilities and the possibility of manufacturers taking responsibility of all disposals.

3. PublicityPublicity and education aimed at consumers and municipalities shall be promoted through the utilization of informative video tapes, etc.,on fundamental knowledge of how to use up internal gas, how to deal with waste aerosol cans and how recycling of waste aerosol cans is being conducted.

4. Measures for promoting can recyclingIt is necessary to determine the feasibility of introducing a recyclable identification marking system.Products satisfying the guidelines shall be promoted.Guidelines for easy-to-recycle designs of products shall be prepared.

5. Collection of dead stockCollection of dead stock by manufacturers for safe disposal shall be promoted.

1. Disposal methodExchange of opinions with Japan Waste Management Association have focused on various issues including disposal, collection and recycling.

2. Measures for proper disposal of products having residual gasRevision of the guidelines for easy-to-recycle designs is under deliberation to add new suggestions for size reduction and function to facilitate complete consumption of internal gas.

3. PublicityAerosol Industry Association of Japan has been utilizing publicity measures including information on their internet website and preparation/distribution of informative videotapes.

4. Measures for promoting can recyclingRevision of the guidelines for easy-to-recycle designs is under deliberation to add new suggestions for size reduction and function to facilitate complete consumption of internal gas.

5. Collection of dead stockDead stock is being appropriately disposed after manufacturers, sales agents or filler businesses send waste to contract disposal businesses.

・Exchange of opinions with Japan Waste Management Association will continue, aiming at the establishment of an effective system for safe collection, disposal and recycling.

・Safety confirmation will be conducted for the product function of facilitating complete consumption of internal gas.

・Guidelines for easy-to-recycle designs will be revised to add rules on labeling of disposal instructions of products, etc.

19



20. Small gas cylinders○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September

2003)Utilizing publicity and educational measures

Publicity and educational activities shall be aimed at consumers, to inform them of the following requirements in particular.・ It is prohibited by law to discard LPG cylinders with residual gas

inside.・ Any disused small gas cylinder should be taken to the retail shop

where the cylinder was purchased.・When uncertain about which retail shop a cylinder was purchased

from, the disused cylinder should be taken to the nearest shop or the local LP Gas Association should be contacted.


<Publicity and educational activities will continue>1. Further cooperation from sales agents will be sought.2. Distribution of educational brochures and advertising articles in

newspapers, etc. will be further promoted. 3. Information services for consumers will be conducted at LPG customer

centers

Publicity and educational activities1. Retailers have been officially requested to do the followings:①Label products (explaining proper treatment of a cylinder).②Accept any cylinders brought in by a consumer and arrange for appropriate

disposal2. Publicity for the appropriate disposal method of disused small gas

cylinders has been made available in the form of educational brochures and newspaper articles.(Approximately 90,000 copies of the brochure have been distributed and a total of 80 advertisement articles have appeared in newspapers.)

20


Source: Japan Welded Gas Cylinder Association

Disposal procedure for illegally abandoned gas cylinders person who discovered an abandoned gas cylinder

LPG businesses

*1

LPG businesses

*2

Police, fire station, prefecturalgovernment or relevant organization

On-site inspection

LPG cylinder

Confirmed to be another kind of cylinder

Owner identified

Send to the owner Owner unknown

Check the degree of corrosion

Excessive corrosion/Impossible to be transported

No or slight corrosion/Possible to be transported

Warehoused temporarily

Disposal of residual gas

Disposal of cylinder

Notify

Permit disposal

Disposal procedure for illegally abandoned gas cylinders person who discovered an abandoned gas cylinder

LPG businesses

*1

LPG businesses

*2

Police, fire station, prefecturalgovernment or relevant organization

On-site inspection

LPG cylinder

Confirmed to be another kind of cylinder

Owner identified

Send to the owner Owner unknown

Check the degree of corrosion

Excessive corrosion/Impossible to be transported

No or slight corrosion/Possible to be transported

Warehoused temporarily

Disposal of residual gas

Disposal of cylinder

Notify

Permit disposal

Example of a label on gas cylinder products

Note 1: “LPG businesses” are any businesses related to LPG, including sales agents and retailers.

Note 2: LPG businesses designated by the police, fire department, prefecturalgovernment or other relevant organization

Source: The Conference of LP Gas Associated Organizations“Disposal procedures of gas cylinders of unknown ownership (including illegally abandoned cylinders)”

21. Fire extinguishers

1. Improving collection and recycling systemsThe targeted collection rate by the end of 2004 is 60%.(Collection rate is defined to be the ratio of the number of fire extinguishers collected by Japan Fire Extinguisher Manufacturers’Association to the total number of fire extinguishers estimated to become disused.)Organizing effective reuse/recycling systems shall be completed by the end of FY2004 and system implementation shall be started accordingly.Note: The above figure of 60% collection rate is a renewed target based on the September 2004 revision.

2. Seeking enhanced cooperation for elimination of illegal discardingA manual for proper disposal shall be prepared and distributed.Clarification of manufacturer responsibility to collect and disposeofwaste fire extinguishers which have been brought in by local public organizations is planned.

1. Collection and recycling systems have been improved.Collection rate reached 44% during FY2003 (cf. 27% in FY2000)

○ Advanced technologies to recycle collected chemicals have been established. Accordingly, design of an effective collection system has been completed.

○ In November 2003, government approved the introduction of “eco fire extinguishers” which use recycled chemicals. Marketing of such 3R-oriented products has been undertaken.

○ During FY2000?, the Fire Defense Agency organized a committee to promote recycling of fire extinguishers and emergency supplies, and is planning to start the operation of the reuse/recycling system by the end of FY2004.

2. Enhanced cooperation for the elimination of illegal discarding○ A manual for proper disposal of used fire distinguishers has been prepared and

distributed.○ It has been clarified that it is the manufacturers’ responsibility to collect and

dispose of waste fire extinguishers which have been brought in by local public organizations.

Collection and recycling system will be further improved.○ During FY 2000, a committee responsible for the improvement of the system

was organized. The committee is planning to further improve thereuse/recycling scheme to reach the recycling rate of 60% by the end of FY2004.

○ Deliberations will continue on the utilization of the wide-area designation system in accordance with the amendments made in December 2003 to the Waste Management Law and on enhanced cooperation with relevant organizations and groups for promoting reuse and recycling.

21



Flow chart of collection and recycling of waste fire distinguishers

Annual production: 3.5 million bottles

Business use (2.2 million bottles)

Waste sent to:

60% 20% 10% 10%

Manufacturers

Maintenance

businesses

Businesses engaged in dism

antling of fire extinguisher

Businesses engaged in disposal of industrial w

aste

Alm

ost 100% of containers (m

etallic bottles) are being sent for recycling.

Recycling of internal chemicals

Landfill of chemicals

Four manufacturers of fire extinguishers collectively occupy a

70% share of the entire annual production in the market.

Two manufactures collectively occupy a

30% share of the entire annual production.

Environment-friendly “eco fire extinguishers”

Domestic use (1.3 million bottles)

Waste collected by municipalities Dead stock Waste illegally

abandoned

Promotion of recycling

Establishing collection sites which can be conveniently used by citizensPromoting the collection of disused fire extinguishers to coincide with semi-annual fire prevention campaigns which are conducted in spring and summer.Promoting collection through the joint efforts of local public organizations and manufacturersUndertaking the marketing of “eco fire extinguishers” (officially approved as a 3R-oriented product in November 2003). This eco product is characterized by the 40%+ use of recycled chemicals.

Flow chart of collection and recycling of waste fire distinguishers

Annual production: 3.5 million bottles

Business use (2.2 million bottles)

Waste sent to:

60% 20% 10% 10%

Manufacturers

Maintenance

businesses

Businesses engaged in dism

antling of fire extinguisher

Businesses engaged in disposal of industrial w

aste

Alm

ost 100% of containers (m

etallic bottles) are being sent for recycling.

Recycling of internal chemicals

Landfill of chemicals

Four manufacturers of fire extinguishers collectively occupy a

70% share of the entire annual production in the market.

Two manufactures collectively occupy a

30% share of the entire annual production.

Environment-friendly “eco fire extinguishers”

Domestic use (1.3 million bottles)

Waste collected by municipalities Dead stock Waste illegally

abandoned

Promotion of recycling

Establishing collection sites which can be conveniently used by citizensPromoting the collection of disused fire extinguishers to coincide with semi-annual fire prevention campaigns which are conducted in spring and summer.Promoting collection through the joint efforts of local public organizations and manufacturersUndertaking the marketing of “eco fire extinguishers” (officially approved as a 3R-oriented product in November 2003). This eco product is characterized by the 40%+ use of recycled chemicals.

22. Pachinko game machines, etc.1. Promoting manufacturers’ 3R-oriented efforts in the stages of

designing and manufacturing of products① Product assessment shall be implemented.② It is necessary to seek an appropriate way of releasing information on

manufacturers’ implementation of product assessment and results of such assessment.

③ It is also necessary to seek an appropriate way of increasing repair opportunities for facilitating long-term use of products.

④ Efforts shall be made for the reduction of a variety of materials to be used for products and for the reduction in the use of lead as well.

⑤ A standardized material description system shall be introduced.2. Target for material recycling

A targeted material recycling rate of 55% shall be attained by the end of FY2005 (cf. Target for FY2001 was 35%)

3. Promoting measures for proper distribution and disposal of wasteAn effective waste collection/recycling system shall be established.

4. Promoting technological developmentTechnological development aiming at increased reuse of parts shall be promoted. Such development is also aimed at creating easy disposal features, reduction of shredder dust, and increased control over illegal conducts.

5. Utilizing publicity and educational measuresEducational programs for proper disposal of waste shall be implemented. Publicity shall also be promoted to release information on recycling initiatives in the industry.

1. Manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing have been promoted.・Reduction in the use of ABS resins and plywood has been promoted. Reduction

of a variety of parts to be used for framework has also been promoted.・A fact-finding survey is being conducted to identify all types of resins being

used for game machines in the market as well as all materials that have adverse effects on the environment, such as lead.・A material identification marking system has been introduced for resin-made

parts which weigh 100 grams or more. Although this marking obligation is not applied to lightweight parts weighing less than 100 grams, manufacturers are making voluntary efforts to label some lightweight parts when possible.

2. Material recycling rate has increasedMaterial recycling rate increased to 51.9% in FY2002 from 41.4% in FY2001.

3. Measures for improvement of the waste distribution/disposal systems have been promoted.In October 2003, the new collection system was inaugurated in Tokyo. Under this system, waste is collected at designated sites and is sent to manufacturers. Currently, the system covers not only Tokyo but also six other prefectures.

4. Publicity and educational measures have been utilized.・Information on recycling practices and achievements has been released through

trade papers and exhibitions.

<Further efforts will be promoted to improve manufacturers’ 3R approaches in the stages of designing and manufacturing>

・ Results of the fact-finding survey to identify all types of resins being used for game machines in the market as well as all materials that have adverse effects on the environment, such as lead, will be released through trade papers.

<Measures for proper waste distribution and disposal will be further promoted>・Waste distribution/disposal practices and achievements in the Kanto area will

be verified so that they can be applied to the establishment of collection routes in other areas.

22




Pachinko halls/Sales agents of pachinko game machines

Manufacturers

Exchange center for game machines (selected collection and storage of disused machines)

Recycling businesses

Waste collection route

Disused machines

New machines

Collect disused machines upon arrival of new ones

Manufacturers recycle their own products

Contract Recycled parts

New collection system

Manufacturers recycle their own products

23. Personal computers and peripherals

1. Promoting manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing

① Product assessment shall be implemented to check compliance with 3R initiatives, and results of such assessment shall be released to the public

② Recycling measures for plastic parts, etc. shall be promoted.2. Promoting measures for proper disposal① Collection routes shall be organized for products for business use and for

home use respectively② The industry is aiming to reach the recycling rate of 60% by the end of

FY2005.3. Promoting technological developments

Technological development of easy disposal/recycling features shall be promoted.

4. Utilizing publicity and educational measurersPublicity and educational activities shall be actively conducted while focusing on the promotion of long-term use of products as well as collection and recycling of waste products at home.

5. Promoting measures for waste reductionReuse of machines through OS upgrading and other measures shall be promoted.

1. Manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing have been promoted.All major manufacturers of personal computers and peripherals have been conducing product assessment to confirm product compliance with the 3R design guidelines, and results of all of the assessment activities have been released on JEITA’s internet website. (JEITA: Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association)A total of 1,652 models of personal computers from 14 manufacturers have been confirmed to satisfy the regulations of the so-called personal computer green labeling system.

2. Measures for proper disposal have been promoted.① Collection and recycling of disused business personal computers

Achievements as of FY2003 (for 40 member companies of JEITA)Number of units collected Recycling rate

Desktop computers 226,263 78.0%Laptop computers 131,949 50.3%CRT displays 232,479 72.8%LCD displays 28,334 64.8%

Voluntarily-set target recycling rate (for desktop computers and CRT displays) is 74.8%② Collection and recycling of disused home personal computers

A total of 79,278 units were collected during the period between October 2003 and March 2004 by 41 member companies of JAITA.Achieved recycling rates for respective products are the same as above (mentioned at ①)

3. Publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.Informative booklets and publicity posters have been utilized to promote the collection of disused computers at home.

4. Measures for waste reduction have been promoted.More and more computer manufacturers are promoting the reuse of machines through OS upgrading.

<Manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing will be further promoted.>In an effort to eliminate the use of harmful substances, control measures will be implemented for parts to be purchased.

<Measures for proper disposal will be further promoted>In order to promote collection of illegally discarded computers of unknown owners, a limited liability company (3R promotion centers for personal computers) obtained government approval on July 1st, 2004 for the operation of nationwide collection activities.

<Publicity and educational activities will be further promoted.>Publicity and educational measures for home users will be continuously implemented aiming to further promote collection and recycling of disused computers at home. 23




Consum

ers (home users)

Request collection

Send invoice

Request collection

Send invoice

Pay collection fee

Send invoice

Bring in

Collect at home upon request (parcel service)

Company A

Company B

(existing products, etc.)

[Designated collection sites]Approx. 20,000 post offices

nationwide (excluding postal agencies)

products of Company A Recycling

facility (a)

products of Company B

Recycling facility (b)

Consum

ers (home users)

Request collection

Send invoice

Request collection

Send invoice

Pay collection fee

Send invoice

Bring in

Collect at home upon request (parcel service)

Company A

Company B

(existing products, etc.)

[Designated collection sites]Approx. 20,000 post offices

nationwide (excluding postal agencies)

products of Company A Recycling

facility (a)

products of Company B

Recycling facility (b)

Voluntary collection/recycling scheme for disused personal computers at home

24. Copiers

1. Implementing various 3R promotion measures① Introduction of 3R-oriented designs including easy-to-be-reused

features, designs contributive to waste reduction, designs usingrecycled or reused materials and control over harmful substancesshall be promoted.

② Deliberation shall be made on effective information release of results of the implementation of 3R measures and achievements.

2. Promoting various joint distribution projects for the collection of disused copiers A mutual exchange system for used copiers shall be established and widespread operation of the system shall be sought.

3. Promoting recycling of plastic materialsSurveys shall be conducted to identify technological difficulties needed to be resolved for plastic materials and necessary measures for promoting recycling of plastic materials.

4. Promoting information release on implementation of 3R measuresInformation on achievements and results from the implementation of various 3R measures shall be released to the public.

1. 3R promotion measures will be further implemented.① Respective manufacturers continue to promote voluntary efforts in accordance

with the Guideline for Preparation of Product Assessment Manual.2. Recycling of plastic materials will be further promoted.

Each manufacturer continues to promote recycling of plastic materials of products in cooperation with resin makers and recycling businesses while making efforts to establish joint cost/volume control schemes.

3. The release of information will be further promoted.Each manufacturer continues to promote the release of information through various reports and internet websites.

1. Various 3R promotion measures have been implemented ① Each copier manufacturer has been promoting voluntary efforts in accordance

with the Guideline for Preparation of Product Assessment Manual.2. Various joint distribution projects for the collection of disused

copiers have been implemented.A total of seven new exchange centers have been established. Establishment of deposit centers located in prefectural capital cities nationwide has been completed. An online information system over internet to be used for facilitating exchange has been jointly developed by participant manufacturers and launched in due course.

3. Technological development for recycling of plastic materials has been promoted.A recycling system for plastic materials has been jointly established by member companies of JBMIA. Under this system, closed recycling has been launched for two types of plastic materials and open recycling has been implemented for all other plastic materials.

4. Release of information on the implementation of 3R measures has been promoted.Through internet websites, reports, product catalogs, etc., manufacturers have been releasing results of the implementation of 3R initiatives.

24



Mutual Exchange System for Used Copiers

Warehouses of participant manufacturers

Deposit centers of prefectures

Warehouse of Manufacturer A

Manufacturer A

Copiers of other manufacturers which Manufacturer A received from customers as a trade-in

Warehouse of Manufacturer B

Manufacturer B

Copiers of other manufacturers which Manufacturer B received from customers as a trade-in

Warehouse of Manufacturer C

Manufacturer C

Copiers of other manufacturers which Manufacturer C received from customers as a trade-in

Sent through respective manufacturer distribution routes Establishment of a joint distribution system in the future is planned.

Prefecture A

Prefecture B

Sent through a joint transportation system

(located in Sapporo, Sendai, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima, Fukuoka and Okinawa)

Local exchange centers

Sent through respective manufacturer distribution routes

Reuse/recycling processes of participant manufacturers

Participant manufacturers in this Mutual Exchange System: Cannon, Kyocera Mita, Konica Minolta, Sanyo, Sharp, Toshiba Tec, Matsushita, Rico and Fuji Xerox

• manufacturers’ machines which each manufacturer collects from customers as a trade-in.• Joint transportation is being made from the deposit centers (located in all prefectures nationwide) to the local

exchange centers.• There are a total of eight exchange centers nationwide for the promotion of effective exchanges

Source: Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association (JBMIA)

Mutual Exchange System for Used Copiers

Warehouses of participant manufacturers

Deposit centers of prefectures

Warehouse of Manufacturer A

Manufacturer A

Copiers of other manufacturers which Manufacturer A received from customers as a trade-in

Warehouse of Manufacturer B

Manufacturer B

Copiers of other manufacturers which Manufacturer B received from customers as a trade-in

Warehouse of Manufacturer C

Manufacturer C

Copiers of other manufacturers which Manufacturer C received from customers as a trade-in

Sent through respective manufacturer distribution routes Establishment of a joint distribution system in the future is planned.

Prefecture A

Prefecture B

Sent through a joint transportation system

(located in Sapporo, Sendai, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima, Fukuoka and Okinawa)

Local exchange centers

Sent through respective manufacturer distribution routes

Reuse/recycling processes of participant manufacturers

Participant manufacturers in this Mutual Exchange System: Cannon, Kyocera Mita, Konica Minolta, Sanyo, Sharp, Toshiba Tec, Matsushita, Rico and Fuji Xerox

• manufacturers’ machines which each manufacturer collects from customers as a trade-in.• Joint transportation is being made from the deposit centers (located in all prefectures nationwide) to the local

exchange centers.• There are a total of eight exchange centers nationwide for the promotion of effective exchanges

Source: Japan Business Machine and Information System Industries Association (JBMIA)

25. Gas and kerosene equipment

1. Promoting manufacturers’ 3R approaches in the stages of designing and manufacturing

① Product assessment shall be implemented.② It is necessary to seek the release of appropriate information on

results and achievements from manufacturers’ implementation of 3R measures.

2. Increasing repair opportunitiesDeliberation shall be made on specific measures for promoting long-term use of products through better support of repair businesses.

3. Promoting the establishment of an effective collection/recycling systemJoint efforts with municipalities, including the joint implementation of a survey on disposal practices of used products, shall be promoted, to establish an effective, efficient collection/recycling system.

1. Manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing have been promoted.

① A survey was conducted to identify and evaluate manufacturers’ 3R measures implemented in accordance with the Guidelines for Preparation of Product Assessment Manual.

② Preparations have been made by JGKA to release important information on their internet website.

2. Repair business opportunities have been increased.Organized operation of consultation services for repairs has been promoted.Business hours of repair centers have been increased to deal with customer enquiries during weekends.

3. Preparations for the establishment of a collection/recycling system have been promoted.A survey was conducted to gather facts about illegally discarded products as well as any problems and difficulties in the disposal process at municipalities. Educational programs have been conducted to promote appropriate removal of residual oil or dry cell batteries from products to be discarded.

1. Preparations for the establishment of an effective collection/recycling system will be further promoted.Deliberation will be continued aiming at the establishment of an efficient municipalities-based collection system.Educational programs on appropriate disposal practices will be continued for the purpose of improving efficiency in the processes of collection and disposal.

２５



Flowchart showing the collection of used gas and kerosene equipment (Figures are based on the survey conducted in 1999. Unit: thousand tons)

Disused products generated by consumers

Total: 250

Metals: 184Aluminum: 10Copper : 28Other: 28

Municipalities

45%

Retail shops55%

Disposal businesses 59%

41%

Shredder operators

Products sent to landfill4%

Shredder sent to landfill34%

Metals to be collected62%

Source: Japan Industrial Association of Gas and Kerosene Appliances (JGKA)

Flowchart showing the collection of used gas and kerosene equipment (Figures are based on the survey conducted in 1999. Unit: thousand tons)

Disused products generated by consumers

Total: 250

Metals: 184Aluminum: 10Copper : 28Other: 28

Municipalities

45%

Retail shops55%

Disposal businesses 59%

41%

Shredder operators

Products sent to landfill4%

Shredder sent to landfill34%

Metals to be collected62%

Source: Japan Industrial Association of Gas and Kerosene Appliances (JGKA)

26. Textile products○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September

2003)1. Establishing a collection/recycling system

Textile Products 3R Promotion Council shall deliberate specific measures to be implemented for the promotion of textile manufacturers’ voluntary 3R initiatives, industry-wide 3R-oriented attitudes, educational programs to improve consumer understanding of 3R initiatives and solutions to problems which have been suggested by the Textile Product Recycling Conference in its report.

2. Promoting measures for waste reductionReduction of dead stock (including intermediates and final products) shall be promoted through the improvement of efficiency in manufacturing and distribution processes while utilizing information technologies of textile products suppliers.

3. Promoting technological development of easy-to-recycle features and cultivation of recycling depsoitory centersTextile manufacturers and businesses dealing with used textiles shall be responsible for the promotion of technological development for cultivating recycling depsoitory centers. Textile manufacturers shall also be responsible for establishing design guidelines to facilitate effective product development meeting consumer needs as well as recycling needs and shall make efforts to ensure products complywith the guidelines.

4. Promoting reuse and recycling through better cooperation・A model recycling network designed for general clothing shall be

established.・Use of PET flakes shall be promoted.

5. Utilizing publicity and educational measures・Educational activities shall be conducted to promote the use of

recycled textile products.・Educational activities shall be conducted to raise consumer

understanding of appropriate disposal of disused textile products.

<Initiatives for the establishment of a collection/recycling system>

① During FY2002, Japan Apparel Industry Council, The Woolmark Company, All Japan Bedding Goods Association, Japan Carpet Industrial Association and Japan Spinners’ Association released action plans covering 3R-related targets and specific programs to be implemented. They have been followed by Nihon Hifuku Kogyo Kumiai Rengokai (日本被服工業組合連合会), Japan Chemical Fibers Association, The Japan Textiles Importers Association and Japan Foreign Trade Council, also releasing action plans in FY2003.

② Upon request of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, some department stores conducted trial collection of disused clothing during FY2002. The stores are continuing their voluntary collection efforts for disused suits.

③ A survey was conducted on lifecycle assessment of textile products. In this survey, comparison was made between the production of new products and the implementation of recycling in terms of generating adverse affects on the environment and energy consumption.

<Establishment of a collection/recycling system will be further promoted.>・Nihon Furugi Kourigyo Kyodokumiai (日本古着小売業協同組合) is planning

to start a project to discover effective novel approaches to revitalize the domestic used textile products market through extensive opinion exchanges with retailers of used clothing and businesses dealing with used textile products to find appropriate solutions.

・ A fact-finding survey will be conducted on clothes which are used for cleaning machines at plants, since these clothes are considered to be important items for increasing recycling opportunities. Results of the survey will be used to find effective ways to expand the market demand for these clothes.

<Other>・ Textile Products 3R Promotion Council will review each of the action plans

released by various associations and groups to gauge 3R efforts. These plans will be released to the public as necessary. ２６



Annual production of oils for metalworking

68.089 59.897 49.283 35.041 29.159

150.095 182.395 204.595182.349

157.849

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

FY1998 FY1999 FY2000 FY2001 FY2002

thou

sand

kilo

liter

s/yea

r

Non-chlorine oilsChlorine oils

27. Lubrication oil○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September

2003)1. Strengthening cooperation and utilizing publicity and

educational measuresCooperation among relevant businesses and organizations shall bepromoted. Publicity and educational activities aimed at users of lubrication oil to raise their understanding of the necessity for selected collection of used oil as well as the shift to non-chlorine lubrication oil shall be also promoted.

2. Promoting the shift to non-chlorine lubrication oilShift from chlorine lubrication oil to non-chlorine oil shall be promoted, with the exception of chlorine oils which cannot be replaced with any other oil for technical reasons. Technological development to make it possible to replace exceptional chlorine oils with non-chlorine oils shall also be promoted.

3. Promoting selected collection of used lubrication oilIntroduction of the identification labeling system for chlorine lubrication oil products shall be promoted so that users can easily recognize chlorine lubrication oils which are required to be selectively collected when disposed of.

・A survey will be conducted on all organizations that generate waste oils to determine how disused lubrication oils are being discarded and disposed of. Educational activities for the promotion of selected collection and the shift to non-chlorine lubrication oils will be further promoted through informative booklets and other media. ・ Information on producers of non-chlorine lubrication oils will be released through

the internet, etc. ・A survey will be conducted to identify the variety and volume of chlorine lubrication

oil on the market which cannot be replaced with non-chlorine oils for technical reasons. Results of the survey will be used for planning measures for proper use and disposal of these chlorine lubrication oils.・A survey will be conducted to identify the degree of implementation of the

identification labeling system in the market. Negligent producers, when identified through the survey, will be persuaded to implement labeling.

1. Cooperation among relevant organizations has been promoted and publicity and educational activities have been vigorously conducted.・An informative brochure on recycling of lubrication oil has been prepared and

distributed to manufacturers and users (since FY2003).・An informative brochure and publicity poster to raise user understanding of the

necessity for selected collection of disused chlorine lubrication oils have been prepared and distributed. (Revised in FY2002 and FY2003)・ Instructions on the necessity for replacement of chlorine oil with non-chlorine oil

have been sent, in booklet form, to plants nationwide (since FY2003).2. Shift to non-chlorine lubrication oil has been promoted.・Relevant industrial groups have been playing the central role in promotion of

initiatives to encourage lubrication oil producers to increase production of non-chlorine lubrication oils and also encourage users to switch to non-chlorine lubrication oils, instead of chlorine oils. ・A survey to confirm annual production of oils for metalworking (for chlorine oils

and non-chlorine oils respectively) is being conducted on a yearly basis.<Declining trend of production of chlorine oils for metalworking>

68 thousand kiloliters in FY1998 60 thousand kiloliters in FY199949 thousand kiloliters in FY2000 35 thousand kiloliters in FY200129 thousand kiloliters in FY2002

3. Selected collection of used lubrication oils has been promoted.Since FY2001, chlorine lubrication oil products have been required to carry an identification label.

27

Source: Lubrication Oil Association

31.2% 24.7% 19.4% 16.1% 15.6%



28. Electric wires○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September

2003)1. Promoting collection measures① Joint efforts shall be promoted to support recycling activities

conducted by the home electric appliance and automobile industries, for the purpose of promoting collection of electric wires used for equipment and harness for vehicles.

② Technological development shall be promoted to achieve practical, efficient collection of copper from shredder dust.

2. Promoting recycling measures① Targets shall be set for recycling of copper of electric wires and

plastic coating materials (such as PVC) respectively.② LCA-oriented measures to reduce elements that adversely affect the

environment in the supply system of electric wires as well as in the coordinated collection/recycling system shall be promoted. Advanced recycling technologies shall be developed.

③ Studies on easy-to-recycle designs of electric wires shall be promoted. A feasibility study on the introduction of a material identification marking system on plastic coating materials shall be implemented.

1. Collection measures will be further promoted.① Support of recycling activities conducted by the home electric appliance and automobile industries will be further promoted for the purpose of

promoting collection of electric wires used for equipment and harnesses for vehicles.② Technological development to facilitate practical, efficient collection of copper from shredder dust will be further promoted.

2. Various measures for promoting recycling will be implemented① Recycling efforts will be continued with the aim of attaining recycling targets for copper of electric wires and plastic coating materials such as PVC

respectively.② LCA-oriented measures to reduce elements adversely affecting the environment in the supply system of electric wires as well as in the coordinated

collection/recycling system will be further promoted, and development of advanced recycling technologies will be also promoted continuously. ③ Continuous deliberation will be made for the development of easy-to-recycle designs of electric wires and the introduction of a material identification

marking system to plastic coating materials.④ It is planned that a draft of revision of JIS provisions will be prepared by the end of FY2005, aiming at achieving effective recycling of copper scraps.

1. Collection measures have been promoted.Exchange of opinions on recycling of electric wires have been conducted with electric wire user companies and specialists engaged in relevant businesses including nonferrous metal collection businesses. A survey was also conducted on user companies of electric wires (such as automakers and manufacturers of home electric appliances) to identify ongoing recycling efforts, concerns, etc.

2. Recycling measures have been promoted.① A survey was conducted during FY2001 to identify recycling practices of

electric wires and cables. This survey found the amount of waste electric wires collected from home electric appliances and automobiles and also collection routes used by those industries. Survey results have been used for the creation of a material flow chart.

② During FY2002, another survey was conducted to identify facts about waste coating materials generated as by-product in the process of recycling waste electric wires. Results of the survey have been utilized for designing of an effective, efficient recycling system. The survey covered electric wires and cables used in automobiles and home electric appliances in particular.

③ In FY2003, active discussions were made on the treatment of copper scraps which were being generated mainly from waste electric wires. During the discussions, it was found that the current classification of copper scraps under JIS (Japan Industrial Standards) causes some difficulties. Accordingly, revision of the classification has been deliberated.

28



29. Construction materials

1. Wooden materials① A targeted 20% reduction of waste shall be

attained.② A targeted recycling rate of 60% shall be

attained for waste wooden construction materials generated in the process of dismantling buildings.

2. Ceramic construction materials① A targeted recycling rate of 60% shall be

attained for plasterboard. (The recycling rate is defined as the ratio of by-product plaster materials together with recycled plaster materials to the total of plaster materials used.)

② Fact-finding surveys shall be implemented on separate collection of ALC panels (autoclaved lightweight concrete panels).

③ Collection and recycling shall be promoted in accordance with the widespread recycling scheme for designated items (plasterboard, ceramic sidings, ALC panels, glass wool and rock wool).

3. Plastic building materials① Systematic recycling programs shall be

promoted while aiming to reach the material recycling rate of 80% (for PVC tubes and joints).

② Collection and recycling shall be promoted while utilizing the widespread recycling scheme (for PVC floor materials).

4. Metallic building materials① Development of easy-to-recycle features of

aluminum alloy bonding material to be used for aluminum sashes shall be promoted.

5. Other (tatami mats)① Kagaku Tatami Sogo Recycling Center (化学畳総合リサイクルセンター) shall play the central role in establishment of recycling bases in metropolitan areas

1. Wooden materials① 54% waste reduction was achieved (in 2003)② Recycling rate for waste wooden materials increased to 55% in 20032. Ceramic construction materials① Recycling rate of 63% was attained in FY2003 for plasterboard (The recycling rate is defined as the ratio of by-product

plaster materials together with recycled plaster materials to the total of plaster materials used.)② “Guidelines for dismantling ALC panels for selected collection of waste” have been prepared. The guidelines reflect

results of the surveys conducted on separate collection of ALC panels.③ Collection and recycling has been promoted in accordance with the widespread recycling scheme for designated items

(plasterboard, ceramic sidings, ALC panels, glass wool and rock wool).3. Plastic building materials① Recycling infrastructure has been strengthened by increasing the number of cooperative businesses. Currently, the

majority of support comes from 21 companies who have agreed to work together for the purpose of recycling, 32 intermediators and 3 contract companies responsible for intermediate treatment of waste (for PVC tubes and joints).

② Collection and recycling have been promoted in accordance with the widespread recycling scheme (for PVC floor materials).

4. Metallic building materials① Continuous efforts have been made for the development of easy-to-recycle features (for aluminum sashes)5. Other (tatami mats)① Kagaku Tatami Sogo Recycling Center (化学畳総合リサイクルセンター) has started to take care of waste materials

generated in metropolitan areas

○ Additional Measures Planned for Implementation in the Future1. Wooden materials① Continuous efforts will be made to attain goals for environmental protection.2. Ceramic construction materials① Continuous efforts will be made while aiming to maintain and exceed the current recycling rate. ② Publicity will be utilized to raise relevant business awareness of “the guidelines for dismantling ALC panels for selected

collection of waste.”③ Collection and recycling will be further promoted while utilizing the widespread recycling scheme for designated items

(plasterboard, ceramic sidings, ALC panels, glass wool and rock wool).3. Plastic building materials① Increasing the number of nationwide contract companies responsible for receiving waste for intermediate treatment is

planned (for PVC tubes and joints).② Collection and recycling of waste generated from newly-constructed buildings will be further promoted (waste PVC

floor materials)4. Metallic building materials① Deliberations will continue for the development of easy-to-recycle features of aluminum alloy bonding material used for

aluminum sashes5. Other (tatami mats)① Efforts will continue for the establishment of recycling bases in metropolitan areas. 29



30. Bath tubs and bathroom units

○ Outline of the Guidelines (revised in September 2003)

1. Promoting recycling for legally designated products

① In June 2001, a manual for product assessment was released to promote manufacturers’ 3R-oriented efforts in the process of designing. Manufacturers are required to conduct product assessment on products in accordance with this manual.

② Achievements and results actually attained by respective manufacturers shall be released in the form of a booklet as “examples of successful implementation of 3R measures”

③ Member companies of the Bath Tub and Bathroom Unit 3R Promotion Committee shall deliberate introduction of a material identification marking system.

1. Recycling of legally designated products has been promoted.① The second edition of the “manual for product assessment” was released (in June

2003).② In this second edition, manufacturers’ achievements and results from 3R measures

are released as “examples of successful implementation of 3R measures.” (June 2003)

③ Member companies of the Bath Tub and Bathroom Unit 3R Promotion Committee conducted a preliminary survey to determine how product assessment is being implemented by manufacturers. (January 2004)

④ A survey was conducted on manufacturers, in the form of questionnaires, to see whether judgment criteria in product assessment is consistent among manufacturers and how the material identification marking system has been introduced by manufacturers. (April 2004)

⑤ Plant tour at the FRP recycling plant was conducted for training and educational purposes. (March 2004)

1.Recycling of legally designated products will be further promoted.① Nihon Yokushitsu Units Industrial Association (日本浴室ユニット工業会) will

release important 3R-related information on their internet website, which is to be newly established as “Amenity Café” of the Association of Living Amenity.

② Periodical review of the “manual for product assessment” will be conducted for possible improvements. In March every year, member companies are to submit a report on 3R-related achievements, which is to be released on an internet website.

③ In June every year, respective member companies are to submit a report on implementation of product assessment.

④ In an effort to promote recycling of resources, the establishment of an information release system on disused materials generated through the product disposal process is planned. Deliberation will be conducted to determine how disused materials should be identified and how information should be released.

⑤ Results of the above-mentioned survey on judgment criteria in product assessment will be utilized for preparing a draft of standardized criteria, which is to be deliberated by the Committee.

30



31. Kitchen components

1. Promoting recycling of legally designated products① A manual for product assessment shall be prepared to

promote manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stage of designing of products. A working group for promoting product assessment shall be organized. Coordination for the implementation of product assessment shall be promoted.

② Manufacturers’ 3R efforts implemented in the stages of designing and manufacturing of products shall be released through bulletins and internet websites.

③ Material identification marking shall be promoted for the purpose of facilitating effective recycling of resources.

1. Recycling of legally designated products has been promoted.① It has been decided that manufacturers’ 3R efforts and achievements are to

be reported in March every year, and released to the public through bulletins and internet websites.

② Industrial guidelines on material identification marking practices have been determined. The marking system was partly launched in April 2002

2. A survey was conducted on the progress of recyclingIn 2003, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry conducted a survey, through a research agent, to identify the level of progress of recycling efforts. Through this survey, various facts regarding the disposal of disused kitchen components have been found, and 3R-attainable materials have been identified.

1.Recycling of legally designated products will be further promoted.①The working group continues its efforts to promote the implementation of

product assessment, in accordance with the group’s promotion plan.②Manufacturers’ 3R-related efforts in the process of designing and

manufacturing of products continue to be released through bulletins and internet websites.

③The material identification marking system will be further promoted in accordance with the industrial guidelines.

④Deliberation will be initiated on the establishment of intensive measures for 3R-attainable materials (top boards of kitchen furniture and sinks) identified through the 2003 survey.

31



32. Cellular phones and Personal Handyphone System (PHS)

1. Promoting collection and recycling of used units① Collection of used units shall be promoted at approx. 8,500 cellular phone

shops nationwide.② Shops providing free-of-charge collection services shall be advertised

through an identification sticker (designed by the industry) which each participating shop is required to post to notify consumers.

③ A survey shall be conducted to collect fundamental data including the volume of dead stock. Collected data will be used for determining an appropriate collection target. A collection target is planned to be set by the end of FY2004.

2. Promoting product assessment3. Promoting measures for easy removal of small-sized

secondary batteries used inside cellular phones.

① Easy removal features shall be developed. It is important that instruction manuals of cellular phones clearly mention that all small-sized secondary batteries inside the product should be disposed in a designated way.

② Product development for battery saving shall be promoted.

③ Information on manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing shall be released to the public.

1. Collection and recycling of used units has been promoted.Achievements in FY 2003 through the mobile recycling network

1. Collection and recycling of used cellular phones/PHS will be further promoted.

① In the cellular phone market, various kinds of advanced machines are newly introduced every year, which stimulates consumers to change and upgrade their units frequently, resulting in the increase of dead stocks. In light of this, effective measures for improving the collection rate should be implemented.

② A consumer survey will be conducted to understand needs and attitudes, and results of the survey will be utilized for determining appropriate 3R-related targets.

2. Measures for promoting the collection of built-in small-sized secondary batteries will be further promoted.Manufacturers’ 3R efforts in the stages of designing and manufacturing will be released to the public during FY2004.

32



Number of shops involved in the collection of used units: approx. 8,500 (as of March 2004)

2. Product assessment has been promoted.During FY2003, the assessment guidelines were revised and the second edition of the guidelines was released in February 2004.

3. Measures to promote the collection of built-in small-sized secondary batteries have been promoted.During FY2003, the guidelines were revised and the second edition was released in February 2004.

247593194,387Chargers 551032118710,247Batteries 191552482111,717Terminals

Recycling rare(%)

Volume recycled(tons)

Collection rate(%)

Volume collected(tons)

Number of units collected(thousand units)

Chart 2: Example flow of collection of cellular phones and PHS(implemented by a particular company)

Consum

ers

Agents, etc. Company’s

branches


branches

Agents, etc.

Company’s branches

Collection

Separated storage

Terminal Center Beepers

Car phones

Cellular phonesPHS

Accessories

Ni-Cd batteriesNi-MH batteriesLi-ion batteries

To be dismantled Recycling businesses

Car phones

Beepers Cellular phones

PHS Accessories Li-ion batteries

Ni-MH batteries

Ni-Cd batteries

to be dismantled/

shredded for separate collection of w

aste

to be incinerated

Alum

inum

producers

to be dismantled/


aste

Copper refineries

to be incinerated

to be shredded for separate collection of w

aste

Nonferrous

metal

manufacturers

to be incinerated for separate collection of generated w

aste Special copper producers

Recycling businesses for nickel-cadm

ium

batteries

Alum

inum

To be used as batteries for loudspeakers

Gold

Silver

Copper

Palladium

Slag

Nickel

Cadm

ium

Cobalt

To be used as materials for cement production, ground/scenery improvement, sandblast, etc.

To be used for stainless steel

To be used for batteries

Collected resources

Chart 2: Example flow of collection of cellular phones and PHS(implemented by a particular company)

Consum

ers


branches


branches

Agents, etc.

Company’s branches

Collection

Separated storage

Terminal Center Beepers

Car phones

Cellular phonesPHS

Accessories

Ni-Cd batteriesNi-MH batteriesLi-ion batteries

To be dismantled Recycling businesses

Car phones

Beepers Cellular phones

PHS Accessories Li-ion batteries

Ni-MH batteries

Ni-Cd batteries

to be dismantled/


aste

to be incinerated

Alum

inum

producers

to be dismantled/


aste

Copper refineries

to be incinerated

to be shredded for separate collection of w

aste

Nonferrous

metal

manufacturers

to be incinerated for separate collection of generated w

aste Special copper producers

Recycling businesses for nickel-cadm

ium

batteries

Alum

inum

To be used as batteries for loudspeakers

Gold

Silver

Copper

Palladium

Slag

Nickel

Cadm

ium

Cobalt

To be used as materials for cement production, ground/scenery improvement, sandblast, etc.

To be used for stainless steel

To be used for batteries

Collected resources

33. Fluorescent tubes, etc.

1. Promoting product assessment in accordance with the “Lamp and Stabilizer Product Assessment Manual” (revised in July 2002)Development of recycle-friendly designs shall be promoted, aiming at the downsizing of fluorescent lamps, development of long-life products and reduction in the use of mercury.

2. Promoting support for municipalities in collection and recycling activities

① Inquiries from consumers and municipalities on disposal of used fluorescent tubes shall be appropriately taken care of through consultation services provided by the Japan Electric Bulb Industrial Association.

② Information on recycling businesses shall be provided.3. Implementing measures for the development and

utilization of advanced downsized products with improved efficiency, for the purpose of promoting energy saving methods

1. Assessment Manual has been reviewed for improvements・ Downsizing of fluorescent bulbs has been implemented, to make them the size of

incandescent bulbs.・ Loop-shaped fluorescent lamps designed for frequent use have been improved to

attain longer life (Improved to 12,000 hours as of June 2004 from 9,000 hours.)・ In April 2004, mercury-measuring rules for fluorescent lamps were revised.2. Support for municipalities in collection/recycling activities

have been promoted.Frequently asked questions and answers about fluorescent lamps and used fluorescent lamps are shown on internet websites.

3. Energy saving measures have been promoted.In October 2003, a draft was released of JIS specifications for an advanced fluorescent lamp, which is characterized by the development, for the first time, of an energy-saving fluorescent bulb. This futuristic design is expected to contribute substantially to the promotion of energy saving measures.

1. Technological development and product development will be promoted.

・ Reduction in the use of mercury will be further promoted. Various feasibility studies will also be made to achieve size reduction without deteriorating product quality.

・ Continuous efforts will be made to promote studies for downsizing and improvement of efficiency.

2. Support for municipalities will be promoted continuously to assist in collection/recycling activities.Consultation services will be promoted to deal with all inquiries from municipalities, recycling businesses and general consumers, 3R-related information (such as questions and answers) on internet websites will also be improved as necessary.

3. Energy saving measures will be further promoted.Promotional events will be conducted intensively on October 21st, which is Light Day. In an effort to raise people’s awareness of the advanced features of the newly-developed high frequency fluorescent lamp, various publicity events will be implemented to highlight the lamp’s high efficiency and long life. 33




Recycling flow of waste fluorescent tubes (Example flow being implemented by an actual company)

Mercury is to be collected through the broiling method for recycling.

Glass materials, which constitute more than 90% of fluorescent lamp materials, are to be recycled as glass wool materials.

Mercury sludge, which is generated through the recycling process of fluorescent lamps, is to be broiled.

No concrete aggregation will be made. This is a closed recycling procedure.

Recycling of mercury

To be marketed for various kinds of

mercury-using products

To be shipped


Mercury To be processed

High-grade glass cullets

To be shipped

Fluorescent lamp manufacturing plant

Final products

To be refined

Non-refined mercury

To be condensed

To be broiled

Refuse generated through the broiling process

Development of recycling opportunities for reusable substances

Final disposal

Mercury sludge

To be selected

To be cut and shredded

To be cleaned and dried

Party who generates waste fluorescent lamps

Waste fluorescent lamps to be selectively collected as harmful refuse

To be shredded through a regular

shredder

Waste fluorescent lamps to be selectively collected as recyclable resources

To be transported to the next stage bypassing the

shredding process

To be shredded through the

recycling-conscious shredding system

Glass wool manufacturing plant

Final products

Example of the composition of constituents of waste fluorescent lamps

Mercury 4x10-3%(Approx. 10 to 20 milligrams)

Iron/Nickel 3%Phosphor 2.4%

Aluminum/Copper 2.4%

Glass 92.2%

Recycling of glassThe recycling-conscious shredding system uses a

special shredder designed to shred waste fluorescent lamps to make them easily recyclable.

To be shipped

To be selected

To be selected

Mercury for fluorescent

lamps

Party who generates waste fluorescent lamps *

*

Mercury









To be shipped




To be shipped


Final products

To be refined

Non-refined mercury

To be condensed

To be broiled



Final disposal

Mercury sludge

To be selected






shredder



shredding process




Final products





Glass 92.2%



To be shipped

To be selected

To be selected


lamps


*

Mercury









To be shipped




To be shipped


Final products

To be refined

Non-refined mercury

To be condensed

To be broiled



Final disposal

Mercury sludge

To be selected






shredder



shredding process




Final products





Glass 92.2%



To be shipped

To be selected

To be selected


lamps


*









To be shipped




To be shipped


Final products

To be refined

Non-refined mercury

To be condensed

To be broiled



Final disposal

Mercury sludge

To be selected






shredder



shredding process




Final products





Glass 92.2%



To be shipped

To be selected

To be selected


lamps


*

Mercury

34. Vending machines

1. Promoting 3R measures① Manufacturers’ 3R approaches in the stage of designing machines

(including the reduction of harmful substances) shall be promoted in accordance with the Product Assessment Manual which was voluntarily prepared by the Japan Automatic Vending Machine Industrial Association in August 1997. This manual shall be revised to enhance its commitment to the introduction of reusable designs and the reduction of waste.

② In an effort to promote reuse as well as waste reduction, structural improvements of machines shall be sought, in order for machines to have longer lives, to share industrial standardized materials and parts, to be modularized, or to be easily dismantled when disposed of.

③ A survey shall be conducted to identify a variety of plastic materials being used in various parts of machines. Survey results shall be utilized for deliberation of possible reduction of plastic materials as well as introduction of a material identification marking system.

④ Measures for promoting recycling and proper disposal of waste, including collection of CFC, shall be implemented in accordance with the Manual for Proper Disposal of Vending Machines which was prepared jointly by Japan Vending Machine Industrial Association, Japan Vending Machines Sales Association, Japan Soft-Drink Industrial Association and Japan Vending Machine Security Maintenance Association.

2. Promoting technological developmentIn cooperation with relevant businesses, technological development shall be promoted to create 3R-oriented structures, facilitating the reuse/recycling of materials and parts of disused machines.

3. Promoting information release on 3R measuresInformation on industry-wide efforts to promote 3R measures shall be released, and publicity and educational programs for relevant parties shall be implemented.

1. 3R measures have been promoted.① An extensive revision was made, in March 2004, to the Product Assessment

Guidelines (See Note).Note: Product Assessment Manual was renamed in March 2002 as

Product Assessment Guidelines.② A feasibility survey was conducted to see the reusability of inverters for

fluorescent lights, and necessary improvements/changes have beenidentified.

③ Standards for the implementation of a material identification marking system for plastic materials have been determined.

④ Recycling of metallic ferrous materials has been promoted and CFC collection from disused vending machines has been implemented, in accordance with the Manual for Proper Disposal of Vending Machines and its manifest system.

① A fact-finding survey on the implementation of product assessment by manufacturers will be conducted.

② 3R features of existing machines, such as those facilitating easy dismantling or easy cleaning, will be verified. Non-technological elements hampering easy reuse of machines will be identified for problem resolution.

③ A survey will be conducted to identify elements hampering material recycling of major plastic parts (such as lamp boards and flappers at product exits) for problem resolution.

④ Metallic ferrous materials occupy 70 to 80% of materials used in vending machines. It is necessary to promote recycling of these materials. It is also necessary to ensure environmental protection by further promoting the collection of CFC from disused machines to protect the ozone layer.

34


○ Additional Measures Planned for Implementation in the Future (extract)

35. Single-use cameras

1. Promoting 3R measuresMeasures for promoting reuse and recycling shall be implemented. Manufacturers’ 3R approaches in the stages of product planning and designing shall be promoted to develop environment-friendly products.

2. Promoting collection measuresWell-organized, reliable system for collection shall be established by increasing cooperation from relevant businesses such as developers.

1. Various educational activities have been conducted.①Manufacturers have started to print important recycling-related information on

the packaging of products (since FY2003). ② Publicity has been implemented by sending messages to relevant parties,

through trade papers of the photography industry, to ask for cooperation with 3R initiatives.

③ Educational programs for schools have been implemented.2. Product assessment in the stage of designing has been

implemented.① Introduction of design features facilitating easy dismantling as well as

environment-friendly features② Use of standardized industrial materials③ Environment-friendly downsized designs

Examples of 3R-oriented features: ・ Feature to make it possible for the product to be easily dismantled only after

a film is removed ・Modularization・ No use of screws or bonding agents for assembly

3. Development of refillable products① A survey was conducted on the feasibility and marketability of refillable

products (In spring of 2003). ②Deliberation is being made on legal regulations imposed on refilling businesses.

(Each manufacturer is required to take responsibility for making decisions. There are precedents in 2003 and 2004.)

③ Ecoleaf Type III environmental labeling program has been introduced to the packaging of single-use cameras. The description, “Made in Japan” has also been promoted. (Since March 2002)

Further 3R efforts will be promoted in accordance with the guidelines.

35

Flow of recycling system

Domestic market

Collection Foreign manufacturers

Undeveloped units




Export to foreign markets

Remodeling businesses

Unused units

Developers Users

Domestic manufacturers

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