FFB81000t/y

CPO27000t/y

POME40000t/y

COD ４0000 ppmSS 15000 ppm

solid waste（EFB）

14500t/y

solid waste（fiber）

14500t/y

All the energy for the mill can be supplied by cobustio of fiber.

EFB is used for fertilizerto oil palm plantation

process water

15000t/ymethane 400t/y

lagoon（anaerobic pond）Large amount of methane is releaedto the atmosphare.

a current palm oil mill

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

KYUSHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

YOSHIHITO SHIRAI

Current Status of Bio-fuel and its Future in the South East Asia and Japan

Consumption World ConsumptionGrains 100kg/capita y 1 billion t/y

150kg/capita yMeat 100kg/capita y 800 million t/y

40kg/capita y grains for meatEdible Oil 18kg/capita y 80 million t/y

9kg/capita y

World Supply Vegetable Oil 110 million t/y 80% for food

20% for IndustryGrains 2 billion t/y(Rice, Wheat, Corn, Potato, Cassava)

World Demand for Bio-diesel in the near future5 million t/y

Oil Palm Tree

Fresh Fruit Bunch: FFB

Fruit

FFB

for autoclave of FFB

drams for autoclave

Palm Oil Mill

Empty Fruit Bunch: EFB

EFB heap

Fiber

Palm Oil mill Effluent: POME

Ｃ Ｐ Ｏ

P K

POME

FFB: fresh fruit bunch60 million t/y

fruitfiber + oil

shell seed

kernel oil

EFB: empty fruit bunch14.4 million t/ymoisture content 60%combustion 1400kcal/kg

palm kernel 3 million t/y380 US$/t

shell: 4 million t/ymoisture content 10%combustion 4500kcal/kg

fiber:6 million t/ymoisture content40%combustion2700 kcal/kg

CPO: crude palm oil11 million t/y400 US$/t

sterilizationstrip digesting

press

rinsewater

POME: palm oil mill effluentCOD >40000ppm 25 million t/y

lagoon

methane

fertilizer

PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA

CDM

Developed Country Joint Project Developing Country

Reducing GHGBoundary Space

Time < 2012Base Line Measurable

Joint Project NoYes

GHG reduction

Site Descriptions

• Serting Hilir Palm Oil Mill• Anaerobic Treatment:

– 3600 m3 open digesting tank (6 tanks)

– HRT 20 days

• Serting Palm Oil Mill• Anaerobic Treatment:

– 7500 m3 anaerobic pond (4 ponds)

– HRT 40 days

Findings: CH4 emission & COD removed

• Correlation between CH4emission & COD removed– Open tank – 0.109kg CH4 per

kg COD removed– Anaerobic pond – 0.238kg

CH4 per kg COD removed• COD removal efficiencies of

anaerobic process– Open tank – 80.7%– Anaerobic pond – 97.8%

• Correlation between CH4emission & POME discharge– Open tank – 5.5kg CH4 per

tonne POME– Anaerobic pond – 12.36kg

CH4 per tonne POME

Open Digesting Tank

0

400

800

1200

1600

5000 5500 6000 6500 7000

CH

4 (k

g/da

y)

Anaerobic pond

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 2000 4000 6000 8000Total COD Removed (kg/day)

CH

4 (k

g/da

y)

Judging from Data from Felda Serting Hilir Palm Oil Mill

digesting tanks

facultative pond

FFB360000t/y

EFBFFB x 0.24= 86400t/y

FiberFFB x 0.1

mill

= 36000t/y

CPO65000t/y

POME160000 m3/y

Biogas(Methane+CO2)

Biogas(Methane+CO2)

Biogas composition (measured)methane 35% CO2 65% (digesting tanks)methane 45% CO2 55% (facultative pond)

Biogas amount (measured)4.9 L/min m2 7.06 m3/day m2 (digesting tanks)0.7L/min m2 1.01 m3/day m2 (facultative pond)

Total biogas from mill4 million m3/y

Total methane from mill1000t/y

no biogas (30%)

A model mill case study

digesting tanks

facultative pond

FFB360000t/y

EFBFFB x 0.24= 86400t/y

FiberFFB x 0.1= 36000t/y

mill

CPO65000t/y

POME16000 m3/Sep

Biogas(Methane+CO2)

Biogas(Methane+CO2)

no biogas (30%)

500m3 methane tank system

Installed by KIT and UPM

Cooperative joint project among KIT・UPM・FELDACost Estimation 2.4 million JY(Fermentor, Scrubber 、Storage tank, and others)

POME residence time would bereduced to 10 days (currently 20days).

Acids fermentationAcetic acid : 800t/yPropionic acid : 400t/yButiric acid : 400t/y

EFB(C-compounds)Cellulose 30%Hemi-cellulose 30%Lignin 30%Biomass (potentiality)

Cellulose : 10000t/yLignin : 10000t/yHexose : 11000t/yPentose : 11000t/yLactic acid : 22000t/yEthanol : 5500t/y

Production of Ethanol from Kitchen Refuse in Japan

Yoshihito Shirai

Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering

Kyushu Institute of Technology

Saccharified liquid from Kitchen Refuse

Kitchen Refuse100 kg

WaterGlucoamylase

50 kg

30 g

Separation

150 kg

Residues50 kg

Fertilizer

Saccharified liquid

100 kg

Saccharification of Kitchen Refuse

Video

Ethanol plantnow operating

Power plant from municipal waste

Ethanol Production from Food Waste in KitakyushuUnder NEDO Support

Kitakyushu Eco Energy Co. Ltd.

Food Waste10 t/d

Ethanol400 L/d

Sugar Production from EFB（By Nikki）

EFB Saccharification SMB

10％Sugar Sol.

Water

H2SO4（70％)Residues

130t／d

1040t／d（sugar 104t）

Conc.

Water

500t／d

50t／d(H2SO4 18t/d）

H2SO4

450t／d

18t／d

352t／d

258t／d

1200t／d

SMB:Simulated MovingBed Adsorber

H2SO4 3¥／ｋｇ×18ｔ＝54000¥For Residues 2000¥／ｔ×50ｔ＝10000¥total 154 k¥ → 154 k¥／104ｔ = 1.5¥／kgResin 100t/y → 50000 k¥ 50000 k¥／25200t ＝2円／ｋｇEnergy fee：for 258t／d water evaporation → 129t steam required ：129t×500¥／ｔ ＝ 64500¥ → 0.6円／ｋｇLabor fee （２０ capita）→45000¥／d → 0.4¥／ｋｇ

Running fee 4.5¥／ｋｇ to produce 1kg of sugar

Serting Hilir

Kuala Lumpur

Kuala LumpurInternationalAirport (KLIA)

水平のラインはFELDA社のパームオイル工場の所在地を示す。FELDA社はマレーシア全土に７２工場をもつ。

FELDA社のパームオイル搾油工場の所在地

ADVANTAGESof Palm Oil Industry as Green Industry!!Business as Usual

(key word: BaU)

Constant collection of biomassthrough whole the yearas BaU

・Huge area and greenenergy by CDM

・Lower country risk・Excellent labors ・Stability of Counter-

part・Environmentally &

economically friendlybusiness

Even only one mill yields averagely no less than 40,000 tons of standardized biomass(they are not waste but resource!!) as BaU.

Resources Energy

No logistics issues as BaU

Novel Business Using Biomass Energy from Palm Oil Industry in Malaysia

CDM provides profitablearea for novel business towhich biomass energy canbe supplied from palmoil industry with a very

good price

1. CDM can reduce GHG by sealinglagoons.

2. Local pollution can be prevented.(odd smell from lagoons stopped)

3. Local employment can be en-couraged by inviting novel business.

for novel business

CDM provides a complete methane fermentation system and can change lagoon area to the profitable area.

CDM provides electricity using the methanefermentation system to supply to novel business with a very good price.

According to the economic growth in Malaysia and Indonesia development of newoil palm plantation in the tropical rain forest becomes no longer economically effective. To answer the increasing demand for palm oil in the future, it will becomeessential palm oil industry must cooperatively stay with other industry and people.