current nitrogen rate research for: oats, dept. of soil ...€¦ · wisconsin is a “minor”...
TRANSCRIPT
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Matt Ruark
Dept. of Soil Science
CURRENT NITROGEN RATE RESEARCH FOR:
OATS,WINTER WHEAT,
AND SWEET CORN
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Nitrogen studies have been conducted on oat, winter wheat, and sweet corn over the past three years.The goal of this presentation is to educate the
agricultural community about this research and to demonstrate the value of current N recommendations. Date presented here will be uploaded to our
Soils Extension website (www.soils.wisc.edu/extension)
INTRODUCTION
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Wisconsin is a “minor” state for oat and wheat.
Oat: 310,000 acres in 2010; 210,000 acres in 201158 bu/A in 2010, 62 bu/A in 2011
Winter wheat: 240,000 acres in 2010; 345,000 acres in 201164 bu/A in 2010, 65 bu/A in 2011
INTRODUCTION
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Conducted by Tim Wood at the Lancaster Agricultural Experiment Station
Oats were grown after corn or after soybean
Four nitrogen rates: 0, 20, 40, 80 lb/ac
Measured yield and lodging
Variety: Esker @ 3 bu/ac
OAT STUDY, 2010 & 2011
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OAT YIELD 2010
2010 Oat Study - Lancaster, WI
Nitrogen Rate (lb-N/A)0 20 40 60 80 100
Oat
Yie
ld (b
u/A)
0
20
40
60
80
100
following cornfollowing soybean
UW guidelines40 lb/ac for 2-10% SOM60 lb/ac for <2% SOM
40 lb N credit when following soybean
PPNT85 after soybean
87 after corn
Planted 4/14/10N applied 4/27/10
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OAT LODGING, 2010
2010 Oat Study - Lancaster, WI
Nitrogen Rate (lb-N/A)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Lodg
ing
scor
e (%
)[0
% =
No
lodg
ing/
100
% =
com
plet
ely
lodg
ed]
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
following cornfollowing soybean
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OAT YIELD, 2011
2011 Oat Yields, Grant County, WI
Nitrogen Rate (lb-N/A)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Oat
Yie
ld (b
u/A)
40
60
80
100
120
140
Following cornFollowing soybean
Planted 5/9/11N applied 5/26/11
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OAT LODGING, 2011
2011 Oat Lodging, Grant County, WI
Nitrogen Rate (lb/ac)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Lodg
ing
scor
e (%
)[0
% =
No
lodg
ing;
100
% =
com
plet
ely
lodg
ed]
0
20
40
60
80
100
Following cornFollowing soybean
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When grown in a “high nitrate environment” –no need for N.
PPNT can provide some value for oats – to identify high nitrate environments. It is not “calibrated” for oat – i.e. the adjustments.
Oat remains sensitive to over-applications of N
OATS
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WHEAT
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Current UW-guidelines for winter wheat:
20 to 100 bu ac-1 yields
NITROGENRATE
SOM Nitrogen rate
% lb ac-1
<2% 90
2 to 9.9% 70
10 to 20% 40
>20% 0Over-application of N to wheat can cause excessive vegetative growth and lodging may occur
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Field studies at Arlington and Janesville (S. Conely and J. Gaska, Dept. of Agronomy)Nitrogen rate & timing Yield response to spring N (0, 30, 60, 90, 120
lb/ac) – applied as urea Fall N rate (0 or 20 lb ac-1)
5 locations; 2008 (2), 2009 (1), 2010 (2)
Nitrogen rate Yield response to spring N (0, 30, 60, 90, 120
lb/ac) – applied as urea 1 location; 2009, 2010
NITROGEN
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NITROGEN - RATE
2008 Winter Wheat Yields, Janesville, WI
Nitrogen rate (lb ac-1)
0 30 60 30+30 90 45+45 120 60+60
Yiel
d (b
u ac
-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1200 lb ac-1 Fall N20 lb ac-1 Fall N
Following soybean;Recommended N rate = 30 lb ac-1
No significant increase in yield above 30 lb ac-1 of N when 20 lb ac-1 of N was applied in fall.
Benefit from 20 lbac-1 of N in the fall?
No benefit from split applications.
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NITROGEN - RATE
2008 Winter Wheat Yields, Arlington, WI
Nitrogen rate (lb ac-1)
0 30 60 30+30 90 45+45 120 60+60
Yiel
d (b
u ac
-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1200 lb ac-1 - Fall N20 lb ac-1 Fall N
Following oats;Recommended N rate = 70 lb ac-1
PPNT = 94 lb/ac
New rec = 34 lb/ac
No significant increase in yield above 30 lb ac-1 of N.
Benefit from 20 lbac-1 of N in the fall?
No benefit from split applications.
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NITROGEN - RATE
2009 Winter Wheat Yields, Janesville, WI
Nitrogen rate (lb ac-1)
0 30 60 30+30 90 45+45 120 60+60
Yie
lds
(bu
ac-1
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1200 lb ac-1 Fall N20 lb ac-1 Fall N
Following soybean;Recommended N rate = 30 lb ac-1
No significant increase in yield above 30 lb ac-1 of N with no fall N.
No benefit from 20 lbac-1 of N in the fall.
Benefit from split applications?
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NITROGEN - RATE
2010 Winter Wheat Yields, Janesville, WI
Nitrogen rate (lb ac-1)
0 30 60 30+30 90 45+45 120 60+60
Yiel
ds (b
u ac
-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1200 lb ac-1 Fall N20 lb ac-1 Fall N
Following soybean;Recommended N rate = 30 lb ac-1
No significant increase in yield above 30 lb ac-1 of N with no fall N.
No benefit from 20 lbac-1 of N in the fall.
No benefit from split applications.
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NITROGEN RATE
2010 Wheat Yields, Arlington, WI
Nitrogen rate (lb ac-1)
0 30 60 30+30 90 45+45 120 60+60
Yiel
ds (b
u ac
-1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1200 lb ac-1 Fall N20 lb ac-1 Fall N
Following soybean;Recommended N rate = 30 lb ac-1
No significant increase in yield above 30 lb ac-1 of N with no fall N.
No benefit from 20 lbac-1 of N in the fall.
No benefit from split applications.
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N Rate (lb/ac) 2008 Yield (bu/ac) 2010 Yield (bu/ac)
0 79 56
30 87 56
60 92 60
90 89 53
120 92 63
N RESPONSE AT CHILTON
Both sites had SOM >3%Previous crop = oatsNo recent manureChisel plow
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If <70 tillers ft-2, then apply N as early as you can
Otherwise wait until jointing
Improved NUE
Avoid excessive vegetative growth
Better diagnosis of plant N
NITROGEN
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVAbs_OZT-0
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New data supports N recommendations rates and creditsYields maximized with 30 lb/ac (4 of 5 sites)
Demonstrates utility of PPNT and soybean creditBenefit of fall applied N?2008 – maybe?2009 – no2010 – no (negative)
Split applications – probably not worth it, but know your soil
WINTER WHEAT
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SWEET CORN
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Wisconsin is a major state for sweet corn
Processing
69,100 acres in 2011 in Wisconsin
338,500 acres in 2011 nationally
Fresh Market
6,700 acres in 2011 in Wisconsin
101,700 acres in 2011 nationally
SWEET CORN
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Irrigated – conducted with Ken Schroeder (Portage County) and Don Genrich (Adams County), with help from Seneca Foods
Rainfed – conducted with Mike Rankin (Fond du Lac County) and A.J. Bussan (UW-Horticulture)
ON-FARM SWEET CORN TRIALS
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Irrigated
2009, 2010, 2011 – on grower fields
Grower skipped application of N, small plots were established (skipped 90 lb-N/ac of AA)
N rates: 105, 130, 155, 180, 205, and 230 lb/ac of N
Yield determined by hand harvest
ON-FARM SWEET CORN TRIALS
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2009 Sweet Corn Yields, Central Sands
Nitrogen Rate (lb/ac)80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Yiel
d (to
n/ac
)
6
8
10
12
14Site #1Site #2Site #3Site #4
SWEET CORN YIELD BY YEAR
Plateau
Continue to rise
Odd response
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2010 Sweet Corn Yield, Central Sands
Nitrogen Rate (lb/ac)80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Yiel
d (to
n/ac
)
6
7
8
9
10
Site #1Site #2Site #3Site #4
SWEET CORN YIELD BY YEAR
Continued increase
Plateau
Odd response
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2011 Sweet Corn Yields, Central Sands
Nitrogen Rate (lb/ac)80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Yiel
d (to
n/ac
)
6
8
10
12
14Site #1Site #2Site #3Site #4
SWEET CORN YIELDS BY YEAR
Continued increase
Plateau
Decline
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Relative Sweet Corn Yields (2009-2011)
Nitrogen Rate (lb/ac)
80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Rel
ativ
e S
wee
t Cor
n Yi
eld
(%)
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
R2=0.55
0.93 0.95 0.97
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2010 Sweet Corn Yields, Green Lake County, WI
Nitrogen Rate (lb ac-1)
30 70 100 130 130x3 160 160x3 190
Yiel
d (to
n ac
-1)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
RAINFED SWEET CORN
2011 Sweet Corn Yields, Green Lake County
Nitrogen Rate (lb/ac)
30 70 100 130 130x3 160 160x3 190
Yiel
d (to
n/ac
)4
6
8
10
12
Recommended rate is 130 lb/ac of N
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Oats – still adequate
Winter wheat – still adequate
Rainfed sweet corn – still adequate
Irrigated sweet corn – working on full analysis to develop new recommendation if needed. A new recommendation would involve “caveats” such as the number of split applications.
NITROGEN GUIDELINES FOR:
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Priority areas
Corn
Potato, sweet corn, snap bean
Sandy soils
Other?
Interest in more N work on small grains?
Other crops?
FUTURE NITROGEN RESEARCH