current issues through world history unit 3
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World War I. Current issues through world history Unit 3. Lesson : WWI Students will be able to : 1) Identify and give examples of the four MAIN reasons for WWI 2) Explain the importance of industry and technology in WWI 3) Summarize the reasons for the US entering WWI - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CURRENT ISSUES THROUGH WORLD HISTORYUNIT 3
World War I
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Lesson: WWIStudents will be able to: 1) Identify and give examples of the four
MAIN reasons for WWI2) Explain the importance of industry and technology in WWI3) Summarize the reasons for the US
entering WWIClosure/ Assessment
Give an example of why each member of the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance
entered WWI.Missions Statement Connections:
A: create, use, modify and stay focused on questionsC: Analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information
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Causes of World War I M.A.I.N.
Militarism Glorification of armed strength
Alliances An association formed for mutual benefit between two countries
Imperialism Ambition of a powerful nation to dominate the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region
Nationalism Love of one’s country rather than one’s native region
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1914- 1915 The German Schlieffen Plan is halted at
the Battle of the Marne, a short distance from Paris.
French military leaders have to load 2,000 taxi cabs with soldiers get to the battle.
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1914- 1915 The war quickly turns into a stalemate Trench warfare ensues
Fighting is ditches protected by barbed wire and artillery
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The Great Slaughter New weapons and trench warfare led to
a more devastating warHundreds of miles of trenches protected by
machine guns, other gun batteries, and further back, heavy artillery
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War of Attrition A war based on wearing the other side
down by constant attacks and heavy losses.
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New Technology of WWI Airplanes
1st used to spot and target enemy positionsThen used to attack ground targetsEnemy planes began attacking each other in
the air with handheld pistolsLater machine guns mounted on planes
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New Technology of WWI Zeppelins
Giant airships used by the Germans○ 1st used for reconnaissance○ Used to bomb London from 1915- 1916
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United States enters WWI What were the reasons for the US
entering WWI?
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United States enters WWI Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
German answer to the naval blockade of Germany by the United Kingdom
Led to the sinking of many unarmed merchant ships
Lusitania: Merchant ship sunk by a German U boat○ Germany agrees to stop unrestricted
submarine warfare at US request
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United States enters WWI Zimmerman telegram
January 1917○ British intelligence intercept telegram from
Germany, intended for MexicoMexico joins German side in WWI Mexico gets Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
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United States enters WWI April 1917
Because of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann telegram the US enters the war on the side of The Allies○ Britain, France, and Italy○ To “make the world safe for democracy”
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War takes its toll on civilian population Total War
A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.
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War takes its toll on civilian population Propaganda
Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause
Used to increase public enthusiasm for the war
New lawsDORA
○ Defense of the Realm Act
○ Passed by British Parliament
○ Protestors arrested ○ Newspapers closed
down
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The Russian Revolution The March Revolution
March 1917○ Working-class women begin striking in
Petrograd (St Petersburg)○ Price of bread is sky-rocketing along with all
other food○ “Peace and Bread”
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The Russian Revolution The legislative body urged Tsar Nicolas
II to step down The Tsar agrees, ending 300 years of
the Romanov DynastyThe Tsar, his wife and their five children are
later murdered, burnt and thrown down a mine shaft.
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The Russian Revolution Civil War in Russia
Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks○ A radical political party dedicated to the violent
revolution○ Promises
End the warRedistribute land to peasantsTransfer factories and industries from capitalists to
the workersTransfer government power to the soviets
Who would these promises appeal to? Who would be hurt?
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The Russian Revolution Communism prevails
Leon Trotsky- commissar of war○ Reinstated the draft and executed soldiers who would no
comply
War Communism ○ Government control of banks and industry○ Seizure of grain to feed army○ Centralized state administration
How did the communists use the peoples’ struggle for freedom to advance their ideals?
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The Russian Revolution The Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Ended Russian involvement in WWIRussia loses territory to Germany
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The last years of WWI Final German offensive- March 1918
German advance stopped at the 2nd Battle of the Marne
Following 2nd Battle of the Somme- General Ludendorff told German commanders all was lost
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Armistice Kaiser William II- leaves the country and
abdicates the throne Germany become a democratic republic Allies and the new Germany agree to
stop fighting
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Wilson’s 14 Points Key points:
Reducing military forcesEnsuring self determinationCreation of democratic governmentsA “general association of nations”
○ The League of Nations
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The Paris Peace Conference January 1919
27 victorious nations of the Allies meet US President Woodrow Wilson
○ 14 PointsPeace plan for Europe and the world
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The Paris Peace Conference British Prime Minister- David Lloyd
George: “make the Germans pay for the war”
Premier of France- Georges Clemenceau: “for the catastrophe of 1914 only the Germans are responsible”How did the leaders of Great Britain and France stance on Germany differ from Wilson’s? Why was this?
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The Treaty of Versailles Ends World War I Especially harsh on Germany
Article 231- War Guilt Clause○ Germany and Austria were responsible for
starting the warGermany had to reduce its military sizeGerman colonies and territory lostGermany had to pay reparations to Allied Powers
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Legacy of the Treaty German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian,
and Ottoman Empires are broken up New nation-states:
Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, andHungary
Serbia and other Slavic lands become Yugoslavia
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Legacy of the Treaty Mandates
A nation officially governed a territory on a temporary basis, but did not own the territory
Ottoman Empire becomes a collection of mandates○ Britain- Iraq, Transjordan and Palestine○ France- Syria and Lebanon
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The Treaty of Versailles Predict the following items impact on
Europe in the coming yearsThe principle of self-determinationRedrawn bordersThe presence of ethnic minorities in nearly
every eastern European nation