CURRENT HEALTH PROBLEMS IN MALAYSIA: “Cardiovascular Disease - Heart Failure”

By: Shiraaj bin Mohd Rasol Siti Nooraini binti Mohamad Yusof

DEFINITION:

Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins)*

The No. 1 Fatal Disease in MALAYSIA and WHOLE world

Mainly Heart Failure- Inability of cardiac output to meet the demand of the body

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease

CURRENT STATUS:

LIFE STYLE:

Smoking:

- Prevalence: 21% (1985) - 31% (2000)

- aged 15 ≥

- total of (ext) 5 mil. smokers; 14 ciggarettes/day

- “National Healthy Lifestyle Campaign”- 43% attempted to quit- majority failed

source: Clinical Practice Guideline on Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence, 2003, Ministry of Health, Malaysia

LIFESTYLES:

Food:

- lack of awareness of importance of proper diet

- Use of high risk factors; condensed milk, oil

- National Healthy lifestyle campaign*: - ban fast food advertisements on children's television to curb obesity and diet-linked diseases - food manufacturer to label their products with calorie content charts

source:* Sean Yoong, Associated Press Writer  |  March 5, 2007

LIFESTYLES:Exercise:

- Inc. awareness at school level - more thorough physical education system

- Benefits*:- Flexibility exercises such as stretching improve the

range of motion of muscles and joints.

- Aerobic exercises such as cycling, walking, running, hiking, and playing tennis focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance.

-Anaerobic exercises such as weight training, functional training or sprinting increase short-term muscle strength.

source: www.wikipedia.com/exercise

ETIOLOGY

1) Heart attack - damaged heart muscle = “acute myocardial infarction”

2) Prolonged pumping against a chronically increased afterload – eg: during hypertension and stenotic valves

Heart Failure – Primary Defect

Differential Diagnosis: 1) abnormal QRS waveform – “ stress test ”

2) echocardiography

3) characteristics enzyme released cardiomocytes – measurement of concentration in blood

cardiac contractility ejection pressure reduced V of stroke volume

Compensated Heart Failure

symphatetic activity contactility towards normal

at kidneys, due to blood flow, it retain : - [salt] - V of water during urine formation

blood V

source: Human Physiology (International Student Association), Lauralee Sherwood

De-compensated Heart Failure= A point where heart could no longer pump normal stroke volume – DESPITE compensatory measure

Result:1) Forward Failure: failure of heart to pump adequate amount of blood to the tissues –lowered stroke V

2) Backward Failure: Blood unable to enter and leave blood dam up at venous system - “ congestive heart failure ”

Systolic VS Diastolic Failure

Systolic = Decreased cardiac contractility

Diastolic = Heart has trouble filling

HEALTH STATUS in MALAYSIAWorld leader in surgical gloves and catheters (rubber based)

- most supplies are imported - Government encourages manufacture of more expensive and advanced equipment

shortages in the number of doctors and other medically trained personnel – ‘quick-fix’ solution: recruitment of 1,000 foreign doctors + increased scholarship for medicine study abroad

Ninth Malaysia plan (2006-2010);- RM2.0 billion-spent on developing rural health services, an increase of more than 150% from 2001-2005. - R&D, that saw only RM28.9 million in the last five years, receive RM250.0 million.- Allocation for training has tripled.

THE END….

Thank you for your attention…