Current Affairs MCQs [ 16 and 17 December 2017 ] PIB TheHindu IndianExpress & Other leading newspapers

Sumant Kumar, B.Tech NIT Allahabad sumant.magadh@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/SumantKM/

Consider the following medicinal properties: 1. Antibacterial 2. Antifungal 3. Antioxidant 4. Anticancer

Which of the above properties are possessed by Tulsi herb? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 only (c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Ans D

• Tulsi is well known for its myriad medicinal properties - antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, antioxidant, antiseptic and anticancer.

• For centuries, the dried leaves have been mixed with stored grains to repel insects. In Sri Lanka this plant is used as a mosquito repellent.

• It is used in several systems of traditional medicine, including Ayurveda, Greek, Roman, Siddha, and Unani.

• It is used in the preparations to cure various diseases like bronchitis, bronchial asthma, malaria, diarrhea, dysentery, skin diseases, arthritis, painful eye diseases, chronic fever, insect bite.

• It has also been described to possess anti-fertility, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-emetic, anti-spasmodic, analgesic, adaptogenic and diaphoretic actions.

Consider the following statements about "chit funds in India": 1. They are a type of

saving scheme. 2. State governments

are responsible for their registration.

3. NRIs cannot invest in chit funds.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans A

• A Chit fund is a kind of savings scheme practiced in India. • A chit fund company is a company that manages, conducts, or

supervises such a chit fund, as defined in Section of the Chit Funds Act, 1982.

• The Chit fund business is regulated under the Central Act of Chit Funds Act, 1982. • Rules are framed under this Act by various State Governments

for this purpose. • The Central Government has not framed any rules of operation

for them. Thus, registration and regulation of Chit funds are carried out by State Governments under the rules framed by them.

• Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) decided that Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) can make unlimited investments in chit funds in India on a non-repatriation basis. This implies that an NRI can get back the proceeds of such investments only in rupee. Earlier, NRIs were not allowed to invest in companies that were engaged in the business of chit funds.

• Functionally, Chit funds are included in the definition of Non- Banking Financial Companies by RBI under the sub-head miscellaneous non-banking company (MNBC). However, RBI has not laid out any separate regulatory framework for them.

The ‘Sendai framework’ – the first intergovernmental agreement of the United Nations post-2015 sustainable development era – is a framework for a) Disaster risk reduction b) Building resilience for adaptation to climate change in the agriculture sector c) Mutual administrative assistance in refugee-related issues

d) International Civil Aviation emissions reduction Solution: a The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), 2015-2030 • the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda

• identifies targets and priority actions towards reducing disaster risks and implementing development that is both resilient and sustainable.

• India, being a signatory to the SFDRR, is committed to work towards achieving the targets enshrined in the Framework.

The UN body – UNISDR, is concerned with a) Sustainable development b) Disaster Reduction c) Refugee Rehabilitation d) None of the above Solution: b)

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) • created in December 1999

• The successor to the secretariat of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction

• it was established to ensure the implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (General Assembly (GA) resolution 54/219).

• UNISDR is part of the United Nations Secretariat

• its functions span the social, economic, environmental as well as humanitarian fields.

• UNISDR supports the implementation, follow-up and review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction adopted by the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction on 18 March 2015 in Sendai, Japan.

• The Sendai Framework is a 15-year voluntary, non-binding agreement that maps out a broad, people-centred approach to disaster risk reduction, succeeding the 2005-2015 Hyogo Framework for Action

With reference to the Sendai Framework, consider the following statements: 1. It is related to Disaster

Risk reduction.

The "Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030" • was adopted during the Third UN World Conference on

Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan in March, 2015.

2. It is a voluntary and non-binding agreement.

3. It is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3Ans D

• It is the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda, with seven targets and four priorities for action.

• The Sendai Framework is a 15-year, voluntary, non-binding agreement which recognizes that the State has the primary role to reduce disaster risk but that responsibility should be shared with other stakeholders including local government, the private sector and other stakeholders.

• The Sendai Framework is the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters.

The Seven Global Targets: 1. Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020-2030 compared to the period 2005-2015. 2. Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower average global figure per 100,000 in the decade 2020 -2030 compared to the period 2005-2015. 3. Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030. 4. Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their resilience by 2030. 5. Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020. 6. Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of this Framework by 2030. 7. Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030. The Four Priorities for Action under the Framework: 1. Understanding disaster risk 2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience 4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. India will implement the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction in letter and spirit and will assist its neighbours and other countries in the field of disaster risk reduction.

Consider the following pairs: Distinct craft/painting – state o Kavad – Rajasthan o Patachitra – Uttar Pradesh o Kalamkari – West Bengal

Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Solution: a Chitrakathi paintings, wooden and clay dolls of Mysore and Andhra Pradesh, Kalamkaris, Patachitra of Odisha, Patua scrolls of West Bengal, Kavad, the wooden story telling boxes of Rajasthan ”

With reference to Peri-urban agriculture, consider the following statements: 1. It is a type of agriculture that is practiced in the

middle of the urban areas, next to big buildings and cemented roads.

2. It helps to recycle urban greywater. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans B Peri-urban agriculture is generally defined as agriculture undertaken in places on the fringes of urban areas. • Peri-urban agriculture may also help recycle urban

greywater and other products of wastewater, helping to conserve water and reduce waste.

With reference to “Arogya 2017”, which of the following statement is/are correct?

With reference to “Gulf Cooperation Council summit”, recently in news, which of the following statement is/are correct?

1. The first the First Ever International Conference on AYUSH and wellness.

2. It was organised Ministry of Commerce and Industry in New Delhi.

Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Neither 1 and 2

Ans C • It is the First Ever International Conference on

AYUSH and Wellness. The conference is being held in Delhi. ‘Aroyga 2017’ is a comprehensive exhibition cum conference on Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddhha, Sowa Rigpa, Homoeopathy and wellness.

• ‘Arogya 2017’ has been jointly organized by Ministry of AYUSH and Ministry of Commerce and Industry of Government of India including Pharmexcil in partnership with FICCI to showcase the strength and scientific valuation of traditional system of medicine.

1. The Gulf Cooperation Council summit was held in Saudi Arabia. 2. The GCC promotes economic, security, cultural and social

cooperation between member states. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans B • The 38th Gulf Cooperation Council summit is being held in

Kuwait. The summit comes at a delicate time after Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt all cut ties with Qatar in June, accusing Doha of backing extremism and fostering ties with Iran-charges that Qatar vehemently denies.

• Kuwait has played mediator and acted as a conduit for communication between the boycotting countries and Qatar.

• Established in 1981, the GCC promotes economic, security, cultural and social cooperation between member states and holds a summit every year to discuss cooperation and regional affairs.

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) • It is a regional intergovernmental group

• It deals with political and economic issues

• It includes all Arab states of Persian Gulf except Iraq

• Members:

o Bahrain

o Kuwait

o Oman

o Qatar

o Saudi Arabia

o UAE

• Established : 1981

• HQ : Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

• All members are monarchies, including three constitutional monarchies (Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain), two absolute monarchies (Oman and Saudi Arabia) and one federal monarchy (UAE which is composed of seven member states, each of which is absolute monarchy with its own emir).

Suez canal connects which of the following water bodies? (a) Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean (b) Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea (c) Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea (d) Atlantic ocean and Red Sea Ans B

The Suez Canal: • constructed in 1869 in Egypt between Port Said in the north

and Port Suez in the south linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

• It gives Europe a new gateway to the Indian Ocean and reduces direct sea-route distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared to the Cape of Good Hope route.

• It is a sea-level canal without locks which is about 160 km and 11 to 15 m deep.

• About 100 ships travel daily and each ship takes 10-12 hours to cross this canal.

• The tolls are so heavy that some find it cheaper to go by the longer Cape Route whenever the consequent delay is not important.

• A railway follows the canal to Suez, and from Ismailia there is a branch line to Cairo.

• A navigable fresh-water canal from the Nile also joins the Suez Canal in Ismailia to supply fresh-water to Port Said and Suez

Which of the following are ‘priority areas’ of the Indian Ocean Rim Association? 1. Maritime Security 2. Trade and Investment Facilitation 3. Disaster Risk Reduction 4. Fisheries Management 5. Tourism Promotion and Cultural

Exchanges Select the correct answer using codes given below: a) 1, 2 and 3 only b) 4 and 5 Only c) 1 and 2 Only a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Ans: d.

Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), the apex pan-Indian Ocean multilateral forum, has identified six priority areas namely, • Maritime Security,

• Trade and Investment facilitation,

• fisheries management,

• disaster risk reduction,

• academic and scientific cooperation and

• tourism promotion and cultural exchanges.”

Which of the following countries are members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association? 1. Kenya 2. United Arab

Emirates 3. China 4. Malaysia

Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1, 2 and 3 b) 2,3 and 4 c) 1,3 and 4 d) 1, 2 and 4

Solution: d. China is not a member. “It was India that took the diplomatic initiative at the beginning of this decade to revive the moribund idea of Indian Ocean regionalism. That move suggested that Delhi’s sea-blindness was finally giving way to a belated recognition of the nation’s maritime imperative. India’s growing sea-borne trade and a historic power shift in the Indian Ocean compelled Delhi to pay greater attention to securing a sustainable regional order in the vast littoral.” The Central Statistical Organisation, which is responsible for the preparation of national accounts, is an organisation under the aegis of a) Reserve Bank of India b) Ministry of Finance c) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation d) Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Solution: c.

With reference to Mission Madhumeha, consider the following statements: 1. It aims to promote

awareness on prevention of obesity induced diabetes through vaccination.

2. It has been launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Ans D

• The Mission Madhumeha has been launched on 28th October, 2016 on the occasion of first National Ayurveda Day.

• A protocol on 'Prevention and Control of Diabetes through Ayurveda’ was released for implementing the 'Mission Madhumeha'.

• The Madhumeha Assessment Tool (MAT) based on Ayurvedic philosophy has also been developed for the self assessment of the people with regards to possibilities of diabetes.

• Ministry of AYUSH has issued letters to all States / UTs, Ayurveda Pharma companies and other stake holders to celebrate the National Ayurveda Day on by organizing public talks, seminars, exhibitions etc. on the theme 'Ayurveda for prevention and control of Diabetes' as a part of Mission Madhumeha for complete year.

• The State Ayush Directorates and Ayurvedic colleges across the country were also issued similar instructions to all the District Hospitals/CHC/PHC and other AYUSH infrastructure.

Bio Indicator Lidar Instrument (BILI), developed by NASA aims to (a) to discover habitable planets outside Milky Way galaxy. (b) to search for signs of life on Mars. (c) to study the study the effects of gravitational waves on living matter

• NASA has developed a new instrument that could search for signatures of life on Mars.

• NASA will be using BILI- Bio Indicator Lidar Instrument, fluorescence based remote sensing instrument.

• It is similar to radar in principle and operation but instead of using radio waves, it uses light to

(d) to search for traces of life in the core of the earth Ans B

detect and ultimately analyze the composition of particles in the atmosphere.

• This instrument is currently in use by the U.S military to remotely monitor the air to detect potentially life threatening chemicals, toxins and pathogens.

• Although NASA has used fluorescence-instruments to detect chemicals in Earth’s atmosphere, it has never been employed in planetary studies.

Known as ‘Pratap’, these multi-role helicopters of the Indian Air Force were recently phased out. These helicopters were made by and imported from a) USA b) United Kingdom c) USSR d) Brazil Solution: c. The Russian-made Mi-8 entered India in 1971. • These helicopters were part of Operation Meghdoot of

1989 in the Siachen Glacier and Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka.

• The craft operated extensively in humanitarian, rescue and disaster relief operations across the country including during the devastating 2015 Chennai floods of 2015, apart from ferrying many VIPs and VVIPs.

NASA’s Kepler (now, the ‘K2’) Space Telescope utilises which one of the following methods to discover exoplanets? a) Wobble method b) Direct imaging c) Gravitational microlensing d) Transit method Solution: d. In the transit method, the space telescope catches tiny dips in the amount of light coming from individual stars, caused by planets crossing in front of them.

Which of the following operation has been launched in order to fight against wildlife crime? o Operation Thunder bird o Operation Sankat Mochan o Operation Meghdoot o Operation Rahat

In a major success in the fight against wildlife crime, Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, coordinated “OPERATION THUNDER BIRD” in India, from January 30-February 19, 2017. Operation Thunderbird is the code-name for INTERPOL’s multi-national and multi-species enforcement operation. The operation brought about a unanimous approach by the state enforcement agencies in the fight against wildlife crime in the country. The “North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme” will broadly cover creation of infrastructure related to 1. Education and health 2. Projects promoting tourism 3. Water supply.

Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Solution: d

A new Central Sector Scheme of “North East Special Infrastructure Development Scheme” (NESIDS) • from 2017-18 with 100% funding from the Central

Government to fill up the gaps in creation of infrastructure in specified sectors till March, 2020.

• The new scheme will broadly cover creation of infrastructure under following sectors:-

1. Physical infrastructure relating to water supply, power, connectivity and specially the projects promoting tourism;

2. Infrastructure of social sectors of education and health.

The Union Cabinet recently approved an agreement on establishment of an “International Training Centre for Operational Oceanography” in Hyderabad with a) NOAA (National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration), USA b) CERN (European Organisation for Nuclear Research) c) UNESCO (UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) d) IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Solution: c

• The purpose of this Agreement is to establish a training centre towards development of capacity for

• the countries on the Indian Ocean Rim (IOR),

• African countries bordering the Indian and Atlantic Oceans,

• small island countries under the framework of UNESCO.

• Operational oceanography is an activity of conducting systematic oceanographic studies towards providing information services to various sectors viz. fisherman, disaster management, shipping, ports, coastal states, navy, coast guard, environment, offshore industries for conducting their day-to- day operations.

• The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), a body with functional autonomy within UNESCO, is the only competent organization for marine science within the UN system.

Consider the following statements regarding ‘bioplastics’ 1) Bioplastics are plastics in which all carbon is derived from microorganisms 2) All form of bioplastics are bio-degradable. Which of the above are correct 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans D • Bioplastics are plastics in which all carbon

is derived from renewable feedstocks. • They may or may not be biodegradable.

Which of the following systems of healthcare is NOT indigenous to India? a) Ayurveda b) Yoga c) Siddha d) Unani Solution: d • Introduced by Arabs and Persians to India in the

12th century and with a rich literature, Unani medicine remains popular in parts of South and Central Asia.

• Unani shares many common principles with ayurveda, including the belief in the four humours.

• Biobased plastics contain both renewable and fossil-fuel-based carbon.

• An ancient form of traditional medicine, Siddha originated in Tamil Nadu through the work of “siddhars” or scientist-saints.

• Siddha too shares many principles with ayurveda, including the belief in humours, elements and imbalance.

With reference to a National Park, consider the following statements: 1. It is bounded in north by Banas

river & in south by Chambal river. 2. It is under Project Tiger.

Which of following National Park has all of the above characteristics? (a) Bandhavagarh National Park (b) Ranthambore National Park (c) Kanha National Park (d) Gaurumara National Park Ans B

Ranthambore National Park: • Park lies at the edge of a plateau, and is

bounded by north by Banas river and in south by Chambal river.

• Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve located at the junction of the Aravalis and the Vindhyas.

• It is site of one of the largest Banyan Tree in India at Jogi Mahal.

• The Park is under Project Tiger also.

• An important geological feature the 'Great Boundary Fault' where the Vindhya plateaus meet the Aravali hill ranges, meanders through the Reserve.

With reference to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) disease, consider the following statements: o It is a viral infection.

• Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012.

• Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

o Camels are a major source of MERS.

o It spreads through human-to-human transmission.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ans D

• Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath.

• Pneumonia is common, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, have also been reported.

• Approximately 36% of reported patients with MERS have died.

• Although the majority of human cases of MERS have been attributed to human-to-human infections, camels are a major reservoir host for MERS-CoV and an animal source of MERS infection in humans. However, the exact role of camels in transmission of the virus and the exact route(s) of transmission are unknown.

• The virus does not seem to pass easily from person to person unless there is close contact, such as occurs when providing unprotected care to a patient.

With reference to “Hornbill festival”, recently in news, which of the following statement is/are correct? 1. Hornbill Festival was celebrated in Assam. 2. The Hornbill festival is named after the hornbill bird.

Select the correct answer using the code given below. 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is incorrect. Hornbill Festival was celebrated on the State Formation Day of Nagaland on December. The Hornbill Festival is the perfect showcase of rich Naga culture and traditions, preserved over the years in the form of music, dance and food. Statement 2 is correct. The Hornbill festival is named after the hornbill bird. The bird is highly respected and its importance is reflected in tribal folklore, songs and dances.

Which of the following is not a function or power of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India 1. It has

regulatory oversight over the Insolvency Professionals

2. One of the key responsibility of the board is to help in revival of bankrupt MSMEs

3. It enforces rules for, corporate insolvency resolution, corporate liquidation, individual insolvency resolution.

4. It Collect and maintain records relating to insolvency and bankruptcy cases and disseminate information relating to such cases.

Only Option b is correct. There is no such function of IBBI

With reference to SAMPADA (Scheme for Agro-Marine Processing And Development Of Agro-Processing Clusters), consider the following statements: 1. It is a

major initiative towards doubling of farmers’ income.

2. It is an umbrella scheme incorporating ongoing schemes of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1. 1 only 2. 2 only

The implementation of SAMPADA will not only provide a big boost to the growth of food processing sector in the country but also help in providing better prices to farmers and is a big step towards doubling of farmers’ income. Thus statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has given its approval for re-structuring the schemes of the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) under new Central Sector Scheme – SAMPADA (Scheme for Agro-Marine Processing and Development of Agro-Processing Clusters) for the period 2016-20 coterminous with the 14th Finance Commission cycle. Thus statement 2 is incorrect. The objective of SAMPADA is to supplement agriculture, modernize processing and decrease agri-waste.SAMPADA is an umbrella scheme incorporating ongoing schemes of the Ministry like Mega Food Parks, Integrated Cold Chain and Value Addition Infrastructure, Food Safety and Quality Assurance Infrastructure, etc. and also new schemes like Infrastructure for Agro-processing Clusters, Creation of Backward and Forward Linkages, Creation / Expansion of Food Processing & Preservation Capacities.

3. Both 1 and 2

4. Neither 1 nor 2

Which of the following terms related to waste water treatment are correctly matched? 1) Flocculation: It involves the addition of destabilized particles together into large aggregates so that they can be easily separated from the water. 2) Sedimentation: It is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. 3) Reverse Osmosis: In this process, pressure is used to force effluent through a membrane that retains contaminants on one side and allows the clean water to pass to the other side 1. 1 and 2 only 2. 2 and 3 only 3. 1 and 3 only 4. All of the above

o Sedimentation: It is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water.

o Flocculation: Flocculation is a physical process and does not involve the neutralization of charge. It involves the addition of destabilized particles together into large aggregates so that they can be easily separated from the water.

o Reverse Osmosis: In this process, pressure is used to force effluent through a membrane that retains contaminants on one side and allows the clean water to pass to the other side.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about tobacco Products (Packaging and Labelling) Amendment Rules, 2014? 1) Cigarette packets shall have the name and address of the

Ken Betwa river interlinking project, cross through which

manufacturer or packer or importer 2) Cigarette packets shall have specified health warning to cover 50% of the principal display area of the package 1. 1 only 2. 2 only 3. Both 1 and 2 4. Neither 1 nor 2

Ans A • Cigarette packets shall have the name and address of the

manufacturer or packer or importer and the month and year in which the commodity is manufactured or pre-packed or imported

• The cigarette packets shall have, inter alia, specified health warning to cover 85% of the principal display area of the package; 60% shall cover pictorial warning and 25% shall cover textual health warning.

of the following states 1. Madhya

Pradesh 2. Uttar

Pradesh 3. Rajasthan 4. Both a and

b Project cross through Bundelkhand region of UP and whole of Madhya Pradesh.

Which of the following Provision is not part of ESMA(Essential Services Maintenance Act)? 1. ESMA gives police the

right to arrest, without a warrant, anybody violating the Act’s provisions.

2. A violator of the act can be imprisoned for a specifies period of time

ESMA gives police the right to arrest, without a warrant, anybody violating the Act’s provisions. • Any person who commences a strike…or otherwise

takes part in…any such strike shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to two hundred rupees, or with both.

• the Act also allows states to choose the essential services on which to enforce Esma. (Jammu and Kashmir, incidentally, is exempt from Esma.)

3. Act specifies the essential services, on which provisions apply and list can be amended by central government as and when required.

4. Act prohibits the key employees from resorting to strikes, cite bandhs or a curfew