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Curator Journalists - the New Face
of Postindustrial Journalism

Nikolay Kolev

PhD candidateFaculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Sofia University

ContentPost-Industrial Era in Journalism

Journalisms Identity crisis

Curator Journalists

Characteristics of the
Postindustrial Media Era

Financial crisis mainly because of low advertising revenues many newspapers closed.The media users get more oriented towards online content.Media outlets cut their budgets for more expensive projects (investigative journalism for example)Journalism made by citizens is becoming harder to distinguish from the professional productions mainly because of the easy access to professional technologies

The Post-Industrial Era Why there is a period of turbulenceand what are its consequences for journalism?

Nowadays we see a withdrawal of the audience form the traditional media. There is no need of special researches to find that, just because we, ourselves jump to the net, when we need to get informed quickly on some topic. When it comes to hot news story, usually the social media is two steps ahead with the latest developments. This creates a gap between traditional and social media, plus some new forms of risks and disadvantages when pursuing that abstract thing we all call the truth. On the other hand the internet users have easy access to all the technical tools of a professional journalist. The internet users have easy access to a media like the web, visited by 2 billion people In that sense the media enterprise today does not work by the existing rules.What is an industry? Closed cycle between relatively small and coherent group; these premises make impossible for anybody outside of this cycle to produce competitive productWhat is an industry?Internet users have easy access to the professional tools of a journalistAs a result, the media enterprise today does not function by the existing rulesThis is a period of turbulence searching for new working forms and approaches

Characteristics of the
Postindustrial Media EraInternet is becoming more and more global

The first generations of the Digital Era are now grown-up media users

Freedom of speech in Internet

Large amounts of classified information

Internet is becoming more and more global as a source of informationThe first generations of the Digital Era are now grown-up media usersFreedom of speech in InternetLarge amounts of classified information or information, which would otherwise be difficult to access, is now published on the Internet for everyone to see

For the last one, we have three big cases Wikileaks, Offshoreleaks and Eduard SnowdenThe problem with Wikileaks is that the global scandal havent achieved anything actually no actual results in terms of policy changes or big government scandals with consequences Offshoreleacks major scandal in the media again - noting as a real resultEduard Snowden the scandal resulted in marginal protests against Barack Obama, political scandal with the Bolivian president who was treated like a criminal on his way back from MoscowAnd finally some harsh diplomatic tone form USA towards Russia.This lack of results, leads to an apparent deficit in the abilities of whistleblowers on the Internet to conduct the role of fourth estate.

Issues and challenges No media institution to guarantee citizen journalists legal or other assistance

No professional guild

There is no media outlet behind the citizens making unprofessional journalism to guarantee them legal or other type of assistance when neededThere is no professional guild to protect unprofessionals conducting journalistic research they count on civil initiatives

Issues and challenges Lack of editorial responsibility

Vulnerable to a greater number of dependencies

Fake identities of internet users

Less and less time for fact-checking

Lack of editorial responsibility The journalism made by citizens is more vulnerable to a greater number of dependencies, which can be hidden from the public -- The first bullets are related to two of the main characteristics of a respected traditional media outlet.

Fake identities of internet users you dont know who is behind the informationLess and less time for fact-checking The traditional media outlet must have a clear editorial policy. Plus small details like an physical address or a possibility to contact the editorial staff these characteristics bring the traditional media an advantage compared to all other anonymous online sources.

The Emergence of Citizen Journalism

First of all, here we should draw a thick line between Citizen Journalism and Civic Journalism. The Civic Journalism is made by professional journalists. The concept is transforming the traditional media in a tribune for the public. The Citizen Journalism is when citizens grab the journalistic tools to produce media products themselves for the use of the public. This is one strong competitor to the traditional media. As you can see the Conventional media is subjected to aging technologies, to accusations of monopolizing the market, it usually comes at a price that repels more and more of the audience if favor of the online media. The positions of the traditional media are still strong but we have a strong competitor to beat in the face of the Citizen Journalism. Now lets think of the Citizen Journalism not as a competitor, but as an ally. The Smartphone in our pocket has the ability to produce quality stories and to air them as fast as the traditional media. This is a great opportunity for the Citizen Journalism and the democratic society, but is also a threat for the public, because of all the hidden issues we are going to discuss in the next slides.

Here we see a Facebook page that appeared the day after the fatal train crash in Spain. May people were killed in the accident and the authorities said that the cause of the accident was excessive speed of the train. Before all the results of the investigation, in Facebook appeared a page that pretended to be the personal profile of the train conductor; you can see the picture with an unidentified speedometer pointing 200 km/h.

Hello,Here, for your information, you can find the link of the Facebook account of Francisco Jose Garzon, the Spanish train driver.https://www.facebook.com/pages/Francisco-Jose-Garzon-Amo/184625895046434?ref=ts&fref=tsNote: This included a photo of him and close up of a speedometer clocking showing a speed of 200 km/h.Best regardsTrence *****
Editorial Coordinator
__________________________________

Sent: 26 July 2013 10:15
Subject: INFO: Facebook account of train driver

This is an e-mail form one of the biggest content exchange providers.

Hello, As you have already noticed, this Facebook account doesnt belong to the Spanish Train driver.Its mainly about the two stills that were largely used in various media.Sorry for the inconvenience.Best regardsTrence *****
Editorial Coordinator

ADDITIONAL REMARK: Facebook account of train driver

Sent: 26 July 2013 11:33

An hour and 15 minutes later the information comes again, but with a warning, as it should be. Meanwhile that page gathered a solid amount of users comments and reactions, by people, who didnt checked when the page was created But that didnt happened in the broadcaster that I work for, nor the other big TV stations in Bulgaria, because everyone quoted the Spanish newspaper, who first published the original screenshots from the real profile of the conductor, before it was closed for the public.

So what?

Journalisms crisis of identity Social mediaBlogsAnd all their advantages: speed, authenticity, no editorial boundariesThe public shifts towards social media for news storiesVilification of traditional media

The new competitionSocial media

Blogs

Advantages of theseSpeed in the epicenter of what is happening

They claim authenticity as onlookers

Lack of editorial policy claim for delivering no manipulated information

As a resultThe public is getting more oriented towards social media for news storiesVilification of traditional mediaWhen you heard a helicopter above your house and tweet about it you could become a world correspondent, delivering news live about the operation in which was eliminated Osama bin Laden

No media outlet can afford this

Vilification of traditional media the methods of traditional media to process and verify information, before airing it creates a gap between the journalists and the audience. The lack of angles in 2 minutes of coverage, compared to a news feed in the social media creates the feeling that too much selectivity has been applied or even bias has been exercised.

The voice against the traditional media is growing stronger

APTN & REUTERS

The reason to choose this topic why two of the biggest world news agencies deliver information, that lacks some of the most important criteria to be a news story date, location, authenticity or content??? Why should we trust this source? Why should we pay for this news source, when we have free access to the social media websites, where that information was obtained? Are there rules for ourselves to make that choice, as international news editors?

Lets answer these questions:

Why two of the biggest world news agencies deliver information, that lacks some of the most important criteria to be a news story date, location, authenticity or content?Why should we trust this source? Are there rules for ourselves to make that choice, as international news editors?

In that kind of conflicts it is dangerous and expensive to send a crew to cover all points of view of what is happening. So the agencies rely on the local people to record their own clips and to share them online. That information could be manipulated but there is some sort of criteria to distinguish fake video from a real one.

Guide for establishing the
trustworthiness of UGCSyria case:The first thing to do when verifying any video is to find the original source, hopefully the person who shot it

Look for landmarks and other distinguishing features in the footage

Look for Local Coordination Committees (LCC) set up by Syrian citizen journalists

To find out what is being said about the video, take the unique identity code in the url of the video and search for it on Twitter

Finally, but most importantly, its always worth making direct contact with the uploader to ask for more information about the content.

1. The first thing to do when verifying any video is to find the original source, hopefully the person who shot it.Scrutinizing the YouTube channel the video was published on can provide clues as to whether the clip is a scrape or the original. If other videos in the YouTube account were shot in other parts of the country, then its likely the uploader is an aggregator and copied the video from elsewhere. It may also be an uploader who is repackaging old videos, claiming that they show recent events. By searching YouTube with keywords describing the video, usually in Arabic, its often possible to trace the earliest version. Online tools such asTineyeand Google Image Search also help check if a video is old or new.2. Look for landmarks and other distinguishing features in the footage.Google Maps satellite imagery makes it possible to check if landmarks seen in a video tally with those at the purported location.3. Look for Local Coordination Committees (LCC) set up by Syrian citizen journalists.These have been particularly active on Facebook. TheLCCs cover different areas and cities and provide updates on battles and ground conditions in their particular region, making them invaluable for checking if an incident shown in a video was actually recorded to have happened there.LCCs also cherry-pick videos of particular events in their area, posting them online.4. To find out what is being said about the video, take the unique identity code in the url of the video and search for it on Twitter.Often there is a burst in online exposure by people in Syria when a video is new and hasnt been seen before. The first person who shared it on Twitter may also well be the original owner of the video.5. Finally, but most importantly, its always worth making direct contact with the uploader to ask for more information about the content.

http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2013/02/how-to-verify-user-generated-video-in-a-war-zone035

These are not one-size-fits-all; BBC has courses for journalists to help them learn how to use social media sources in a reliable manner

In the BBC there is a team of 20 people every day working on gathering user generated content and verifying it.

From The global living room to
The global newsroom

Who is working in that Global Newsroom what used to be our traditional audience

The role of social media

Just for fun

Curator-Journalist

a person who applies his own view, collecting some exposition, while implying his own creative or scientific interpretation

Use crowdsourcingmore objective coverage of news stories with more view points

combine professional standards with unprofessional content

Curator a person who applies his/her own view or trend, collecting some exposition, while implying his/her own creative or scientific interpretation Twitter revolution that term combines all forms of journalism made by citizens in social media. Crowdsourcing as a testimony of authenticity, topicality and center of gravity for vast public interestThey pretend to make more objective coverage of news stories with more view pointsThey combine professional standards with unprofessional content

A content curator issomeone who continually finds, groups, organizes and shares the best and most relevant content on a specific issue online. The most important component of this job is the word "continually."

Link:http://www.masternewmedia.org/content-curation-why-is-the-content-curator-the-key-emerging-online-editorial-role-of-the-future/#ixzz2bMSdVGKh

curators are viewed as trustworthy sources of information.

Reporters, as were taught, are not supposed to be passionate and interject opinion into their story.

Here we have to make a clear line between reporting and curating. Curating is an editors' job. Reporting is working on field. Example: the latest antigovernment protests in Bulgaria. When we send a reporter in a rally with 3000 people, during our newscast we would get the point of view of our colleague, plus some soundbites form 3-4 people. They may not represent the whole protest, but their voice will be heard in the primetime from 2 million people, with all the footage, natsound from the event ect.If we try to curate the event, using only social media we would get a talking head, reading the most prominent comments form the web, plus some footage from the event, without all the influential tools of television to deliver powerful messages We need a combination. New way of cooperating and working in the newsroom I suppose it could be helpful in the first place to create a larger research desk to support journalists, working on field (e.g.: BBC correspondent in Japan after the earthquake)

If we as journalists want to be successful in our future work, we have to learn how to curate our stories better, by incorporating the latest developments from the social media.

What differentiates us from nonprofessional news content creators is the professional education and experience.

Issues and challengesLimited pluralism: small circle of original sources

Lack of specialized protective mechanisms for non-professional journalists

Less time for fact-checking

Pluralism in such type of news coverage can be trapped in a limited circle of people, from whose comments the journalist curates his/her storyLess and less time for fact-checking, because of the large amount of current news developments The cooperation between professional and unprofessional journalists poses greater risks for the unprofessional journalists due to the lack of specialized protective mechanisms

Time for discussion Any similar experiences?Is there a substantional difference among civic/public journalism and currator journalism?

Useful links:http://towcenter.org/research/post-industrial-journalism/introduction/ http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/post_industrial_journalism_ada.phphttp://youtube-global.blogspot.com/2012/12/news-on-youtube-2012-in-review.htmlhttp://www.youtube.com/t/press_statisticshttp://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/youtube_newshttp://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Video-sharing-sites.aspxhttp://www.cjr.org/realtalk/journalists_vs_curators.phpCivic journalism (also known as public journalism) is the idea of integrating journalism into the democratic process. The media not only informs the public, but it also works towards engaging citizens and creating public debate. The civic journalism movement is, according to professor David K. Perry of the University of Alabama, an attempt to abandon the notion that journalists and their audiences are spectators in political and social processes. In its place, the civic journalism movement seeks to treat readers and community members as participants. With a small but committed following, civic journalism has become as much of a philosophy as it is a practice.

Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014:New Media Literacy for Media ProfessionalsPartners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO).This presentation was prepared by Media 21 Foundation and is free to use under condition of acknowledging autorship

Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014:New Media Literacy for Media ProfessionalsPartners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO).This presentation was prepared by Media 21 Foundation and is free to use under condition of acknowledging autorship

Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014:New Media Literacy for Media ProfessionalsPartners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO).This presentation was prepared by Media 21 Foundation and is free to use under condition of acknowledging autorship