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Page 1: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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Qatar's National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory List

Page 2: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

V l SI N

Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

Qatar's National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory List

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Page 3: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

Page 4: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

VIS I N Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

Qatar's National Inventory List Intangible Cultural Heritage

Intangible Cultural Heritage in Qatar has been a fundamental basis for national cultural vision to which various national institutions, community organizations, education sectors and individuals have contributed. Interest in Qatar's intangible cultural heritage is represented as follows: 1- Field collection and documentation; 2- Research and studies; 3- Publication; 4- Media; 5- Employment and inspiration; 6- Inspiration; 7- Hiretagizitaion.

Entities concerned with heritage: 1- Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage; 2- General Foundation of Cultural District; 3- Qatari Tourism Authority; 4- Qatar Museum Authority.

Civil societies: 1- AI Qanas Society; 2- Qatari Olympic Committee; 3- Qatar Society Development Foundation.

Since mid I 950s, the work of official entities has formed the organized beginning of heritage documentation. The National Library began to print several poetry collections (nabati poetry) after editing them. Qatar Radio and TV also contributed to recording and filming TV programs, in addition to other specialized programs on intangible cultural heritage, which with the passage of time, formed an important archive for elements of popular heritage in Qatar.

Field work stage: From mid 1970s, the Culture Department/ Ministry of Information started its organized work aimed at contributing to the studies on popular heritage based on scientific methods and through a group of experts and international organizations. With the mid 1980s and following the launch of fie ld work of GCC Popular Heritage Center, academic methods have been applied to study heritage more accurately. This

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coincided with the issuing of several publications and the Folklore Magazine. The center's activity continued until2005 and was shut down afterwards.

In parallel lines: - The Ministry of Culture, A11s and Heritage I Department of Culture and Arts have played a significant role in preserving heritage and making it visible during festive events, such as: Doha Cultural Festival, Qatari Cultural Weeks in several capitals of the world, cultural festivals and cooperation with international organizations, signature of heritage related conventions (World Heritage Convention, Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage). - Qatar Foundation has contributed to the preservation of maritime heritage by introducing Qatar Maritime Festival and establishing Qatar Center for Heritage and Identity.

Inventory lists: They have been based on the following: - Reports of field research and studies made by specialized centers: GCC Popular Heritage Center - Department of Culture I Ministry of Information - Qatar National Museum. Such reports included considerable basic data and information on intangible cultural heritage. They opened up opportunities to have access to elements under research along with their human and geographical aspects. - Researchers and those interested in intangible cultural heritage, according to their opinions and comments and the confirmation of information content, modification and addition to the element. - Practitioners, narrators and raconteurs: They are deemed to be the main sources of information on intangible cultural heritage. They provided basic information for the lists. -Audiovisual archives: Qatar Radio, Qatar TV, GCC Popular Heritage Center's archives. - Official institutions: They supported and provided all administrative assistance and human and financial resources. They have programs on promotion and methods of preserving intangible cultural heritage.

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Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003

At1icle 2: For the purposes of this Convention, 1. The "intangible cultural heritage" means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills - as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith - that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such intangible cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable development. 2. The "intangible cultural heritage", as defined in paragraph I above, is manifested inter alia in the following domains: (a) oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage; (b) performing arts; (c) social practices, rituals and festive events; (d) knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; (e) traditional craftsmanship.

Page 7: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

Qatar's National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory List

Page 8: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

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Page 9: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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Page 10: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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Page 11: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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SN 1- Popular traditions and expressions Remarks 1 Popular poetry 2 Popular anecdote 3 Mawaal (roundelay) 4 Popularproverbs and expressions 5 Charades 6 Songs 7 Local dialect 8 Expressions of courtesy

SN 2- Performing arts and traditions Remarks 1 AI Arda 2 Limrada 3 Voice ati 4 Lafjari 5 AI Ashori 6 AI Samri 7 Po ular games 8 Drumming on AI Hob

SN 3- Social practices, rituals and festivities Remarks 1 Karnakoa 2 AI Nafla 3 AI Hia Bia 4 AI Dasha wal Qifal (diving for pearls) Collective festivities

marking the start and

f--end of diving season

5 Coffee Method of making and serving_

16 M1ljili Associated customs and traditions

7 Popular medicine 8 Holy month of Ramadan 9 Falconry 10 Feast celebrations (Lesser and Greater Bairams) 11 Camels 12 Horses

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SN 3- Social practices, rituals and festivities Remarks I Karnakoa 2 AINafla 3 AI Hia Bia 4 AI Dasha wal Qifal (diving for pearls) Collective festivities

marking the stm1 and end of diving season

5 Coffee Method of making and serving

6 Majilis Associated customs and traditions

7 Popular medicine 8 Holy month of Ramadan 9 Falconry 10 Birth traditions 11 Marriage traditions 12 Death traditions 13 Feast celebrations (Lesser and Greater Bairams) 14 Camels 15 Horses 16 Women's ornaments

SN 4- Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the Remarks universe

1 AI Anwaa 2 Tracing foot marks 3 Maritime calendar 4 Agricultural calendar 5 Seasons of the year 6 Rain I

Page 14: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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Page 17: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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Page 18: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

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Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

Qatar's National Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory List

3- Social Practices, rituals and festivities

Page 20: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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3- Social Practices, rituals and festivit ies: No. Name of element Descri' tion of element 3 .I Karnakoa A social tradition loved by children and adults, and practiced

by all people in Qatar. It is practiced in the middle of Ramadan by children before sunset in some areas and in other areas after sunset. People get prepared for this occasion with sweets and different kinds of nuts. Mothers buy or sew specially designed bags for this event. In the middle of Ramadan, children of each district (freej) get together and pass across all parts of the district while chanting songs in front of their houses or in the courtyard of the house. They mention the names of children in each house as part of their songs and pray for them to live long. Housewives provide them with sweets and nuts to please them. This event is aimed at promoting social interaction among

1

children and other inhabitants of the district. This interaction contributes to the formation of the child's personality and behavior.

3.2 AI Nafla Joy overwhelms all members of the community with the advent of Ramadan. Part of the preparations for the holy month is the night of AI Nafla. It is made in the middle of the month .... People of Qatar used to perform more worshipping rituals, and give out food to neighbors while chanting the song of AI Nafla. This tradition has several social benefits, including the strengthening of relationships among community members, increasing love and affection among people and preparing children for education, development and adaptation to their larger social sysi m.

3.3 AI Hia Bia It is one of the traditional practices performed by little girls whose ages range between 8 and 12 years. A girl pledges to plant the seeds of wheat or barley in a basket of fronds hanging in open air. At the night of ninth of Dhul Hija, girls go out to the sea shore chanting while shaking their baskets all the words of songs expressing their feelings of joy. They through their baskets in this joyful mood. The community contributes to providing them with all the necessities needed to mark this day, and this in turn inculcates the love and practice of heritage into the minds of the future enerations. · oftee has a special position in the Qatar society as it

accompanied the people of Qatar in their stay and travel. It is seen as the symbol of hospitality. For this reason, they were so interested in the methods of preparing and serving coffee. Coffee was also the subject of creativity for Qatari artists who corn sed m<;) , charades and proverbs on coffee. Arabic

Page 21: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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coffee is prepared using several tools, such as milunas, hawn,

' .5 a"ilis: custom.'i and traditions

baiz, dallah, fanj een and leef. Each tool has an important role in -re a:rin and serving coffee to uests. Majilis plays a significant role in the context of Qatari society infrastructure. Social and moral practices resulti ng from this practice has greatly contributed to the cohesion among community members. It also played a role through social traditions governing relationships among individuals. Majilis has been the honest guard protecting relationships of community members as it acts as the link between all parts of the society and a platform for their popular culture. Based on the customs and traditions governing individuals in a tribe or district, Majilis developed a cetiain architectural pattern and a distinct position in the social space that corresponds with its role. It supports the leadership position of the chieftain and makes it a mandatory architectural element (at the social level) that cannot be ignored while planning modern

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3.6

3.7

Popular medicine

Ramadan

The Qatari society knew popular medicine long time ago just as it was known to other Arab and neighboring nations. Qatari people passed on popular medicine across generations. Practices were diverse according to treatment environmental conditions, types of diseases affecting the community and the nature of prevalent heritage. Elements of treatment and prevention ranged from herbs to medical plants, and water treating wounds and dermal ailments. The diversity of diseases and methods of treatment have led each physician to be specialized in a certain field. Although modern medicine is currently widespread, popular medicine practices are still maintained given the long historical trust in their effectiveness and modern medicine's inability to achieve tangible results in some chronic diseases such as rheumatoid, pectoral diseases, digestive diseases, diabetes, etc. Major fields of popular medicine found in the Qatari societies include: 1- Herbal medicine; 2- Cauterization; 3- Cupping treatment; 4- Otihopedics; 5- Circumcision; 6- Midwife; 7- AI Massada; 8- Pcdiatrician. Ramadan is a month that has special religious and social position in the Qatari society. given its spiritual and social I

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3.8 Falconry

3.9 Feast celebrations {Lesser Bairam)

aspect that promotes the spirit of social cohesion. The month starts when the moon is sighted. The first day of Ramadan starts with Suhoor (supper meal), which is usually made of vermice11i with eggs, known in Qatar as "balaleet". Suhoor may also include rice and milk. Families have their Suhoor together and after they finish their meal, they pray the dawn prayers and then they go to their work. Majalis are usually kept open in Ramadan as the family man invites any passerby to join the meals. Families also exchange visits and invite one another to join their breakfast meals. One of the traditions in Ramadan is the gathering of families at the chieftain's house to have breakfast in group. Ladies also gather together. This tradition is still found in Qatar as men and women gather to have breakfast. One of the traditions in Ramadan is "Ghabqa'' meal, that is not done every day. This meal is taken after

1

midnight and food served in this meal is not different from that of the breakfast. Families and friends get together once they are invited by one of them. Families get together and have their breakfast and they perform their prayers. Then, they sit to have some coffee and chat together until the Taraweeh prayers. Following these prayers, people in Qatar tend to frequent majalis of Ramadan, which are divided one for men and another for ladies. They discuss religious, cultural and other social affairs, in addition to old stories and different life experiences. Their night chats continue until midnight and then the eat the Ghab a meal and leave. It is one of the sports that are eagerly practiced by the Qatari people. It is the sport of hunting with falcons. Hunting season usually starts with the advent of wintertime until its end. This sport was practiced in the part on foot, on camelback or horseback. Hunting was made in nearby places, but today, hunters tend to travel long distances or go abroad for this purpose. The most important types of falcons in Qatar: fanner, peregrine, alkari, alsinjari. However, two types are commonly used: tanner and peregrine. The most important quarries of falcons

' are: curlew, houbara, pigeons , partridges, wild rabbits and sometimes zelles. The Lesser Bairam comes after the month of Ramadan. Preparations get underway in the last two days of Ramadan. Each family man takes his kids to the market to buy clothes and candy. In the first day of the feast, men go to the majilis of the family chief to congratulate him on the feast, known as "maj lis al oud" or the " ·re t ma'lis." where all fami l members et

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3.10 Camels

together. Ardas or performances are made in some areas of Qatar, usually performed by men in the aftemoon and before sunset. Men line up in two rows with several meters separating them. Drummers and tambourine players stand in the middle and a poet begins to recite a line of poetry. Sword bearers began to perform what is known as Razfa and sometimes a duel is made between two men, known as "taheel". Men wear a garment known as "besht" along with "alshalhat", which is a distinct white dress known for its long voluminous sleeves. Girls and boys gather together in the district and pass by houses to get their feast gift~; wearing their new clothes. In modern Qatar, the feast has a different taste. Decorations arc found everywhere, from Souq Waqif to the Cultural Vi llage and malls. All people are happy and celebrating each according to his way. Children enjoy contests and games while adults enjoy folk loric songs and performances embodying the genuineness of Qatar. Handcrafts and popular food are also displayed in the feast. Qatari people had an interest in camels for social, living and economic reasons. They used to consume their meat and milk, make their clothes and houses from their fleece. They also used their manure as fue l. Camels were mentioned in the Hold Koran several times, in addition to Qatari proverbs which indicate their importance in the daily life in Qatar. Given that significance, it is normal to find camel races and festival s in Qatar where beautv conte~ts arc held for camels.

~---r~-----------+--------~--------~~-·--------------------~ 3.11 Horses Arabian horse is known for its nobleness as one of the most

beautiful horses in the worJd. Horses are mentioned several times in the Koran. Arabian horses have twenty pedigrees. including Kuhailat, Humaidat, Abayat, Saqlawyat, etc ... Stables began to appear in Qatar in the beginning of the twentieth century. The Gulf Guidebook, a great historical encyclopedia, indicates the originality of the Qatari horses and their pedigrees. Doha alone had 150 horses and forty in Foyret and AI Wasil . The guidebook enumerates the horses in every town and vi llage in Qatar. Some districts in Doha until now is named after horses such as "Rawdat AI Khail." Stables are also common in Qatar, such as AI Shaqb Stable. Urn Qarn, Abu Fas and AI Shahania.

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Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

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Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

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Page 27: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

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Page 28: Culture Sector - UNESCO - F ecu CLT CiH ITH L' · 2015. 3. 26. · 4-Qatar Museum Authority. Civil societies: 1-AI Qanas Society; 2-Qatari Olympic Committee; 3-Qatar Society Development

Ministry of Culture, Arts and Heritage Heritage Dept.

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