culture of polish-lithuanian period
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CULTURE OF POLISH-LITHUANIAN PERIOD. In 1452 Volyn fell under Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ( Contemporaries called it “ Rich Pospolyta ” ) . In 1471 Kyiv becoming part of the Kingdom . Kyivan Rus’ lost independence . Ukraine becoming part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CULTURE OF POLISH-LITHUANIAN PERIOD
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In 1452 Volyn fell under Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Contemporaries called it “Rich Pospolyta”). In 1471 Kyiv
becoming part of the Kingdom. Kyivan Rus’ lost independence. Ukraine becoming part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was under the influence of Western
culture. Because in Ukraine began to penetrate
influence of Western cultures, especially
influence of the Renaissance.
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Differences between eastern and western culture
Influence of Greek culture
CatholicismOrthodox
social hierarchy equality before the law
Influence of Latin (Roman) culture
Eastern culture
(Byzantine)
Western culture (Rome)
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Ukrainian students, who studied and sometimes even taught in Western
universities, favoured the development of Western culture in
Ukraine.
There were:
Yuri Kotermak-Drogobych (c. 1450-1494), Lukash of Nove Misto (? - 1542)
Pavlo Rusyn (? -1517)
Yuriy Kotermak-Drogobych (c. 1450-1494) Ukrainian philosopher, astronomer, Professor, Rector of the
University of Bologna (Italy), Professor of the University of Krakow.
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In Ukraine were brought not typical for Byzantium and Kiyvan Rus’ ideas - the idea of social equality, social arrangements, natural law. Stanislaw Orichowskiy-Roxolan (1513-1566) developed these ideas in his works.
Stanislaw Orichowskiy-Roksolan (1513-1566)
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In architecture became popular the Gothic and Romanesque styles
Hotyn’Hotyn’ fortress fortress
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Polish Tower (Kamenetz-Podolskyj)
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Chortkiv fortress
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Church of the Holy Spirit in Rogatyn
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In painting prevailed a wall-painting, especially on topic "Passion of Jesus Christ“.
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Ukrainian artists found a manner of realistic expression of man.
Konstjantyn in OstrogKonstjantyn in Ostrog Kryshtof in ZbarazchKryshtof in Zbarazch
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National feature of Ukrainian iconography was sincerity, warmth and humanity.
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However, among the thinkers were opponents of Western
culture.
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Especially, “Ostrog Cultural Centre” distinguished oneself in orthodox Byzantism. This centre was founded in 1576 by Prince
Konstantin in Ostrog.
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Ostrog Cultural Center included the first in Eastern Europe college, scientific and literary circle (study group) and first in Eastern Europe publishing.
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Ostrog college was founded in 1583. It was like at Western European college, however it
advocated Byzantine values. In Western Europe was trilingual (Greek-Latin-Jewish)
education , bat in Ostrog college practiced a Slavic-Greek-Latin education.
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At that time many famous Ukrainian thinkers was related with Ostrog cultural center:
Cyrylo Lukaris (1572-1638),Cleric in Ostrog (? - ?)Basyl Surazkiy (? – 1604/1608)John Knyahynytskyj (? - 1621/22)Stephan Zizaniy (1555-1600)Meletij Smotrytskiy (1575-1633)Zachariy Kopystenskiy (1590-1627)Ivan Vyshenskiy (1550-1620).
They were noted for theirs polemical writings. They struggled against Western cultural values.
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Ivan Fedorov(1510/1530-1583). In 1564 he published in
Moscow, his first book - "The Apostle."
In 1566 he left Moscow and moved to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In 1574 he compiled and published the first East Slavic "ABC".
In 1578 moved to Ostrog, where he founded a printing press.
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"Stronghold" of Byzantism were also orthodox brotherhood. They fighted against catholization.
The most famous brotherhood were Lviv and Kiyv brotherhood.
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At that time in Lviv Bratherhood worked:
• Cyrylo Trankvilion-Stavrovets'kyi (? - no later than 1646),
• Pamvo Berynda (1555/60-1632)
In Kyiv Brotherhood worked:
• Kalistr Sakovych (1578-1647)• Homa Yevlevych (? - no later than
1647)
and others
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Thus, in Ukraine. emerged confrontation of traditional Byzantism with Western influences.
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This conflict between supporters of the "West" and "East" exists until now.