culture joshua phelps february 28 th 2005. lecture outline introduction to culture culture and...
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Culture
Joshua Phelps
February 28th 2005
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Lecture Outline
Introduction to Culture
Culture and Social Psychology
Social Psychological Concepts and Variations across Cultures
Acculturation
My Research
Conclusion
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Exam Question
Sammenlign individualistiske og kollektivistiske kulturer med utgangspunkt i ulike sosialpsykologiske fenomener.
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What is Culture?
The shared way of life of a group of people, including their artifacts (such as social institutions and technology) and their symbols (such as communications and myths) (Berry et al., 2002).
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Norwegian Culture
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Globalization and Norwegian Culture
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Culture and PsychologyQuestions (Hogg & Vaughan, 2005)
Are Western psychological theories valid in other countries?Are there psychological constructs that are culture specific?How can we evolve a psychology with universal relevance?
Types of Psychologists dealing with CultureCross-CulturalCulturalIntercultural
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Universal vs. Culture-Specific Behavior
Etic-emic distinctionEtic Approach (Universal Constructs)
Emic Approach (Culture Specific)
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Universals
Berry et al. (2002): Positions, roles, sanctions, norms
Aberle (1950): Prerequisites of Society
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Universals
Fiske (1993): Relational TheoryCommunal Sharing
Authority Ranking
Equality Matching
Market Pricing
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Cultural Variations in Behavior
NormsGreetings
Eating Habits
Dress
Amae: Japanese passive loveEmic Construct
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Culture and Social Psychology
History of Neglect
Culture Bound
Culture Blind
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Culture and Social Psychology
The Cultural Matrix of Social Psychology (Fiske, Kitayama, Markus, & Nisbett, 1998)
Culture Essential for Survival
Psychological Processes Linked and Bound to Culture
Matrix Figure
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Values
Hofstede (1980)Power Distance-EgalitarianismUncertainty AvoidanceMasculinity-FeminityIndividualism/Collectivism
Schwartz (1992 & 1997)Openness to Change vs. ConservatismSelf-Enhancement vs. Self-Transcendence
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Individualism/Collectivism
Individualism: societal structure and world view in which people prioritize standing out as an individual over fitting in as a group member
Collectivism: societal structure and world view in which people prioritize group loyalty, commitment and conformity, and belonging and fitting-in to groups over standing out as an isolated individual
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Break Exercise
Hvem er jeg?5 sentences to describe yourself
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Hvem er jeg?
Western Independent SelfI am optimistic.
Interdependent SelfI am Josh’s friend.
I play football on weekends
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Cultural variations in social psychological principles
The SelfMarkus and Kitayama (1991): Independent vs. Interdependent Self
Figure
Evaluation and Self Esteem
Attribution
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Cultural variations in social psychological principles
Conformity
Prosocial Behavior
Cognitive Dissonance
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What Happens when Cultures Meet?
Intercultural Contact
AcculturationChanges in a cultural group or individual as a result of contact with another cultural group (Berry et al., 2002)
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Acculturation Strategies
Individual StrategiesAssimilation, Integration, Marginalization, Separation
Societal StrategiesMelting Pot, Multiculturalism, Marginalization, Exclusion
Figure
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Other Issues and Intercultural Contact
Culture Change and Cultural Diversity
Intercultural Conflict
Identity, Identity Confusion, and Identity Threat
Intergroup BehaviorStereotypes and Prejudice
Discrimination
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Video
Bend it Like Beckham
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My Research Involvements
Master’s Dissertation: Resistance to Persuasion: Principle of Social Proof
Attitudes toward Illegal Immigrants
Ideology and Language in the Public Discourse
Acculturation Strategies among Pakistani immigrants
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Conclusion
Culture
Interest in Social Psychology
Feedback
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Questions
For Exam or Future
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Sources
Hogg & Vaughan (2005). Social Psychology
Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasan (2002). Cross-Cultural Psychology. Research and Applications.
Fiske et al. (1998). The Cultural Matrix of Social Psychology