culture& effective communication pamela heatlie office of institutional equity university of...
TRANSCRIPT
CultureCulture&&
Effective Effective CommunicationCommunication
Pamela HeatliePamela HeatlieOffice of Institutional EquityOffice of Institutional Equity
University of MichiganUniversity of Michigan
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-1061776432653343493&q=intercultural+communication&total=72&start=10&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0
Beginning Points• Generalizations, not stereotypes
• Automatic pilot
• Culture clash has emotional impact
• Ethnocentrism - things are right or wrong viewed from the perspective of your culture
• Differences, not better than and worse than
Culture is like an iceberg…
Language and Verbal SymbolsLanguage and Verbal Symbols
Nonverbal SymbolsNonverbal Symbols
Symbolic MeaningsSymbolic Meanings
Cultural NormsCultural Norms
Cultural ValuesCultural Values
Cultural BeliefsCultural Beliefs
Cultural TraditionsCultural Traditions
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UNIVERSAL HUMAN NEEDSUNIVERSAL HUMAN NEEDS
Cultural ArtifactsCultural Artifacts ((e.g., fashion, popular culture)e.g., fashion, popular culture)
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American Culture• Value individual freedom • Value achievement, hard
work and action (and material results)
• Value time• Value equality• Value privacy (but are open)• Value directness• Value informality• Future Oriented
Film Clip
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-1061776432653343493&q=intercultural+communication&total=72&start=10&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0
Culture is like an iceberg…
Language and Verbal SymbolsLanguage and Verbal Symbols
Nonverbal SymbolsNonverbal Symbols
Cultural ArtifactsCultural Artifacts ((e.g., fashion, popular culture)e.g., fashion, popular culture)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Are you speaking English or are you speaking English?
Moving down the iceberg…
Language and Verbal SymbolsLanguage and Verbal Symbols
Nonverbal SymbolsNonverbal Symbols
Symbolic MeaningsSymbolic Meanings
Cultural NormsCultural Norms
Cultural ValuesCultural Values
Cultural BeliefsCultural Beliefs
Cultural TraditionsCultural Traditions
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UNIVERSAL HUMAN NEEDSUNIVERSAL HUMAN NEEDS
Cultural ArtifactsCultural Artifacts ((e.g., fashion, popular culture)e.g., fashion, popular culture)
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Collectivism ↔ IndividualismExtended Family Nuclear Family
Cooperation Competition
Equal Distribution of Rewards
Individual Rewards
Group Belongingness Individual Privacy
Confirming and Interdependent
Unique and Independent
Group Goals Personal Goals
Group Oriented Self-Oriented
Group Unity and Harmony Individual Autonomy
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2098296093114652442&q=intercultural+communication&total=72&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=4
Emphasis on Collectivism
↕
Emphasis on Individualism
China
Countries in the Middle East
Countries in South America
Ethiopia
Greece and Portugal
Finland
France
Scandanavian Countries
Australia
United States
High Context ↔ Low ContextHigh Orientation to In-Groups Low In-Group/Out-Group Distinction
Relies Heavily on Nonverbal Communication
Relies More on Verbal Communication
Discussion Very Wide Ranging Discussion More Task Focused
Emphasize Relationships and Processes
Emphasizes Practical Outcomes
Supportive Relationships Common Individual Self-Reliance Common
Open and Flexible Time Highly Organized Time
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-949673987039303775&q=intercultural+communication&total=72&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=8
High Context
↕
Low Context
Japan
Countries in the Middle East
Greece
Spain
Italy
England
France
US/Canada
Scandinavian Countries
Germany
How loud do you talk?
Proxemics
To interrupt or to not interrupt
Achieved v. Ascribed Status
Time
Expressing Emotions
Touch
Symbolic Meaning
Eye Contact
The The 8 8 HabitsHabits of of Interculturally Competent CommunicatorsInterculturally Competent Communicators
• Be aware that what you understood may not be what was meantBe aware that what you understood may not be what was meant• Try not to assume sameness, especially when you share a Try not to assume sameness, especially when you share a
languagelanguage• What you think of as “normal behavior” maybe only be culturalWhat you think of as “normal behavior” maybe only be cultural• be aware that familiar behaviors may have different meaningsbe aware that familiar behaviors may have different meanings• It’s okay not to feel good about “different” behavior, but try to It’s okay not to feel good about “different” behavior, but try to
understand where it comes fromunderstand where it comes from• Keep in mind that people from other cultures are not acting a Keep in mind that people from other cultures are not acting a
certain way just to make you mad. Most people behave rationally; certain way just to make you mad. Most people behave rationally; you just have to discover the rationale. you just have to discover the rationale.
• If you know that you’re going to be interacting with another If you know that you’re going to be interacting with another culture, try to learn as much as you can about what makes up that culture, try to learn as much as you can about what makes up that culture’s iceberg.culture’s iceberg.
• Allow yourself (and others) to make mistakesAllow yourself (and others) to make mistakes
Questions?