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CULTURE AND

NATIONALISM

05


Unity in Diversity


Sense of Unity

among the People

of a Country

without

Ca

ste

Creed

Re

gio

n

Religion

Nationalism

Freedom Movement


2 Types of Protests

Against

Indian

Inequality

Violation of Rights

Social Evils

Against

British

Economic

Exploitation


National

Unity

Social

Life

Press

EducationLiterature

Art


British Understood that study

about India was Essential. So

Learned Indian Society

Translated Sanskrit Works

Established Institutions

To Study about India

To Interfere Indian Education

To Train their Officers


Asiatic Society of

Bengal

William

Jones

Warren

Hastings



Banaras Sanskrit College

Jonathan Duncan


Activity 1

Complete the Following Table

Institution Founder

Asiatic Society

of Bengal

Calcutta

Madrasah

Jonathan Duncan


English Education in India

To Ensure Commercial Growth

Intervention in Indian Society

To get Popular Support

Introduced in 1835


Impact of English Education in India

Resistance of Cultural Invasion

Adopted Concepts like Democracy,

Liberty, Rationalism, Equality….

Attempted to Reform the Social

Customs and Rituals

Tried to Reform the Society, Language,

Art, Literature

Against Inequality & Violation of Rights

Sense of Unity


What Led the Emergence of Social

Reform Movements in India?

Liberal Outlook

Modernization

Rationalism

Objectives

Equal Civil Rights to

Education

Travel

Dress Code

Eradicate

Evils &

Superstitions


Indian Society Needs

Fundamental Changes

Eradicate Cast System

Protect the Rights of All

Eliminate Discrimination on Women

Provide Education to All

Promote Widow Remarriage

Abolish Child Marriage

Eliminate Supremacy of the Clergy


Raja Rammohun Roy

Brahma Samaj

Worked for the

Modernisation of India

Opposed Caste System,

Sati & Social Evils

Unified Indian Society

Idea of Patriotism

Women to Own Property


Sati


Ishwar Chandra

Vidyasagar

Widow Remarriage

Hindu Widow

Remarriage Act

(1856) by British

Educational

Institutions for

Women


Pandita Ramabai

Educational Institution for

Women Sarada Sadan

Ramabai at Sharada Sadan

Ramabai and European Workers


Swami Dayanand Saraswati

Arya Samaj

Against Child Marriage & Idol Worship

Arya Samaj Workers Inmates


Child Marriage

Polygamy


Swami Vivekananda

Ramakrishna Mission

Opposed

Caste System

Social Evils

Supported

Liberty

Equality

Freedom of Thought


one of the greatest saints of modern India. He was born in Bengal.

Sri Ramakrishna Paramhamsa

He showed a religious bent of mind from his childhood.

He had no formal education but his discourses were full

of wisdom. He was the chief priest of the Kali temple at

Dakshineswar near Calcutta.


Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Aligarh Movement

Social & Educational Uplift

of Indian Muslims


Atmaram

Pandurang

Prarthana Samaj

Inter Dining

Inter Caste

Marriage

Widow Remarriage

Uplift of Women &

Backward Classes


Annie Besant

Theosophical

Society

Renaissance of

Hindu Religion


Viresalingam

Hitakarini Samaj

Widow Remarriage

Women Education

Kandukuri Veeresalingam was born on

16 April 1848. He was a social reformer who

first brought about a renaissance in .He was

influenced by the ideals of Brahmo Samaj. In

1876 he started au journal and wrote the

first prose for women. He encouraged

education for women, and started a school

in Dowlaishwaram in 1874. He started a

social organisation called Hitakarini

(Benefactor). He died on 27 May 1919.


Jyotiba Phule

Satya Shodak Samaj

Opposed

Social Evils

Domination of

Priests

Started Educational

Institutions for

Backward


Jyotirao Govindrao Phule prominent role in reforms in Maharashtra. He

fought for improving the condition of women, the poor and the

untouchables. He started a school for the education of girls of the lower

castes and founded an association called the Satyasodhak Samaj.


Self Respect

Movement

Opposed

Caste System

Brahmanical

Supremacy

E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (Periyar)


He started the Self-

Respect Movement or

the Dravidian Movement

and proposed the

creation of an

independent state

called Dravidasthan

comprising South India.

He is also the founder

of the socio-cultural

Organisation called

Dravidar Kazhagam.

Periyar E. V. Ramasamy

Thanthai Periyar was a

businessman, politician,

Indian independence and

social activist

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Respect_Movement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_Movement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidasthan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidar_Kazhagam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_activist

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_activist


Sree Narayana Guru

Sree Narayana Dharma

Pariplana Yogam

Opposed

Caste System

Evil Practices

Supported

Social & Economic

Progress of Backward


The Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam

(SNDP) was founded in 1903 with the guidance

and blessings of Sree Narayana Guru. The

SNDP is a charitable society working for the

spiritual and educational upliftment of the

Ezhava community for the past 102 .Yogam is

the first organisation which envizaged Kerala

as a whole.

During the 1890’s the caste system in Kerala

was very rigid, with untouchablility. Dr. Palpu

started works towards getting the rights of

Ezhava community. With the 1891 Malayali

Memorial Revolt, he came forward by taking

the leadership of the community. He tried to

make an organization called ‘Ezhava Sabha’. In

1896, he created the bye-law of it and

published the same in Malayali, a newspaper

published from Thankussery.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sree_Narayana_Guru

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezhava


Activity 2

Prepare the list of major social Reform Movements that

took place in India Before Independence

Movements Reformer Ideas


Activity 3

Prepare a list of the Legislations against Social Evils by the

British Government as a Result of the Social Reform

Activities in India.


Legislations

Prevented below

12 year marriage

of Girls

Permitted

Widow

Remarriage

Abolished

Sati

Banned

Female

Infanticide

Prevented Child

Marriage &

Polygamy

Abolished

Slavery


Ideologies put forward by Indian

Reform Movements Created

Nationalism among Indians

Opposition to Caste System

Equal Rights for All

Defending Foreign Ideas & Culture

Protest against Social Evils

Educational Development

Eliminate Supremacy of the Clergy


Functions of News Papers Today

Covering News all Over the World

Educate the People

Enlighten the People

Stand for

Truth

Human Rights

Equality

Justice

Democratic Values

National Unity

Criticism

Social Issues


Functions of Press During Freedom

To create Public Awareness of Social

Issues

To Motivate People to Participate in

the National Movement

To Treat the Problem anywhere in the

Country as a National Problem


The Hindu, Swadeshi Mitram


Article from

Amrita Bazar

Patrika, Jan 1930


Bombay Samachar


Voice of India


Shome

Prakash

New India,

Common Wheel


Al Hilal


Nation


Activity 4

Prepare a list of the Major Newspapers during the freedom

struggle and their Leaders

Newspapers Leaders


Indian Leaders depended on

News Papers

To Propagate the Nationalistic Ideas

Considered Journalism as a Service

Criticized British Policies

Motivated National Movement


Raja Rammohun Roy was the 1st

to Start Newspaper

Sambath Kaumudi

(Bengali)

Mirat-ul-Akbar

(Persian)

Democracy


Vernacular Press Act

By Lord Lytton in 1878

It Limited Freedom of Press

in Regional Language

People Violated this Act as

a part of Freedom Struggle

British Withdrew this Act

after a Massive Protest


Role of Education

To Bring

Changes

in the

Society

To Maintain

Unity

To Fight

against

British


2 Types of Interests in the 19th

Cent.

Indian

To Free the Country from

Political, Economical &

Cultural Domination of

British

British

To Gain Political,

Economical & Cultural

Hegemony over India

Role of Education was Important


Indian Leaders Used Education

as a Tool for Unity…..

By National Educational Institutions

By Secular Education to All

For Socio-Economic-Cultural Progress

To Promote Nationalism

To Oppose Social Evils

To Oppose Western Education


The Deccan Educational Society - 1884

Education

was

Inevitable

For the

Nationalism

& Progress

of the

Country


D.K. Karve

1st

Indian Women

University in

Maharashtra (1916)

Great Role in

Women Empowerment

Following this many

Educational Institutions

were Founded.


Visva Bharati – Tagore

o Universal Brotherhood

o To bridge Western &

Eastern Cultures


To Strengthen

National

Movement by

Secular

Education

Mohamed Ali

Shoukath Ali

Zakir Husain

Ansari


To Defend the

Cultural Invasion

To Promote

Traditional Art

Kerala Kalamandalam -

Cheruthuruthy


Gandhi Introduced

1937

Vocational

Education was

the Aim

Help to build

up a Good

Future

To Defend the

British


Activity 5

Following are some ideas envisioned in National Education.

List the Institutions that worked for these ideas

Ideas of National

Education

Institutions

Secularism

Nationalism

Women Empowerment

Internationalism

Revival of Traditional Arts

Vocational Education


Ideas of National

Education

Institutions

Secularism Jamia Millia Islamia

Nationalism Deccan Edu. Society

Women Empowerment Women University

Internationalism Visva Bharati

Revival of Traditional Arts Kerala Kalamandalam

Vocational Education Wardha System


Literary Works were Against

British Rule

Social Evils in our Society

The Agonies & Atrocities of People

Writers shared their Dislikes with

the People through

Poetry, Novel, Drama, etc..


Result of Literary Works

Treated Sorrows of others as theirs

Came forward Collectively to Fight

Sense of Patriotism

Dissent Towards Foreign Rule

Patriotic Songs in Regional

Language bridged the gap between

the Upper class Literates &

Illiterate mass


Sisir Kumar

Ghosh

Satyendranath

Tagore

Concept of Bharat Mata


Bengali Novel ‘Anandamath’

based on Sanyasi Revolt of

Bengal Peasants


Agonies of

Bengali

Farmers

Disparity

between

Rich & Poor


Dinabandhu Mitra

Bengali Writer

Depicted the Sufferings

of Indigo Farmers in

Bengal

Indian

Association

was formed by

S. Banerjee

based on it.


Praised

the

Beauty of

India’s

Nature &

Unity of

People

Allama Muhammad Iqbal


Activity 6

Complete the Table

Concepts Creator/

Author

Bharath Matha

Anandamath

Sanyasi Revolt

Agonies of Bengali Peasants

Bandematharam

Nil Darpan

Sufferings of Indigo Farmers in Bengal

Indian Association

Sare Jahan Se Accha

Praised the Beauty of India’s Nature & Unity of People


Concepts Creator/ Author

Bharath Matha Sisir Kumar Ghosh

Satyendranath Tagore

Anandamath

Sanyasi Revolt

Agonies of Bengali Peasants

Bandematharam

Bankim Chandra Chatterji

Nil Darpan

Sufferings of Indigo Farmers in

Bengal

Dinabandhu Mitra

Indian Association Surendranath Banerjee

Sare Jahan Se Accha

Praised the Beauty of India’s

Nature & Unity of People

Allama Muhammad Iqbal


Bengali

o Ghora

o Gitanjali


At Visva Bharati

With Albert Einstein

With Gandhi


Hindi

o Sevasadan

o Premasram

o Rangabhumi

o Godan


Tamil

o Panchalisapad

ham

o Kali paattu

o Kannan paattu

o Kuyil paattu


Urdu

o Hayat-e-Sahi

o Hayar-e-Javeed


Marathi

o Nibandha Mala

Vishnu Krishna Chiplunkar


Malayalam

o Ente Gurunathan

o Bappuji

o Indiayude Karachil


Activity 7

Complete the Table

Authors Works Languages

Tagore

Prem Chand

S. Bharathi

A.H. Hali

V.K. Chiplunkar

Vallathol


Abanindranath

Tagore


Abanindranath Tagore –

Bharat Matha

Patriotism in Indian Minds

Many Artists were Influenced

Freed Indian Painting from Western

Promote Oriental Painting based on

Indian Culture & Tradition

Started Indian Society of Oriental

Arts in Culcutta


Raja Ravi Varma

Various

Scenes

from Indian

Epics and

Literature


Various

Scenes

from Indian

Literature

& History

Nandalal Bose

Village Drummer

Sati


Amrita

Sher-Gil

Sufferings of

Indian

Villagers


Activity 8

Complete the Table

Paintings Artist

Bharath Matha

Sati

Village Drummer

Village Life


Paintings Artist

Bharath Matha Abanindranath

Tagore

Sati

Village Drummer Nandalal Bose

Village Life Amrita Sher-Gil


Gandhi Designed the National Flag with Charkha

Self Dependence of Indians

Defiance to Colonial Rule


Additional Activities

1. Painters played a vital role in the emergence of Indian

Nationalism. Explain

2. How did Literature in Various Languages motivate Indian

Nationalism?

3. How did the Advancement of Education help nurture Indian

Nationalism?

4. What was the role of Press in fostering National Unity and

Social Reformation in India?

5. How did the ideologies put forward by the Indian Social

Reform Movements create National Feeling among Indians?

6. How can you say that the British rule led the growth of

Nationalism in India?

7.

8.

9.

10.



Michael Angelo M.A. MA (Phi.,His.)

HSA(Social Science)

St. Mary’s H.S. [email protected]

9746953695


mailto:[email protected]

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