CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION

PROJECT 2MESSAGES

FROM THE PAST

CONTENT

GROUP NAME: BritainGROUP MEMBERS: 1. Lim Pui San 2. Mok PoYi 3. Hiew Li Ming 4. Ong Jia Min 5. Tey Thien Hee 6. Tay Jit Ying 7. Jaden Tan Wing Hoe 8. Khoo Ming Sen 9.Yan Wai Chun 10. Liew Yu XianINTAKE: FNBE April IntakeTUTOR: Ms IdaSUBMISSION DATE: 11. 12. 2014

NO. TITLE PAGE

1. Project Introduction, Brief 3-62. England History Timeline 7-83. Elizabethan era 9-124. Researches about Elizabethan

4.1 Timeline4.2 Social Strata4.3 Administration Strata4.4 Culture and Traditions4.5 Costumes

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15-1617

18-195. The Plot 20-216. The Script 22-267. Introduction to Characters 27-318. Costumes of the Characters 32-339. Props Research 34-36

10. Final Outcomes 37-3811. References 39

1. Project Introduction

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“More than anything else, it is important to study history.”- B.B. King, 1925.

The most exciting project for culture and civilization is finally comes toward us, which called “Messages from the Past”. The title of this project is clearly shown that we have to learn and develop the message, which brought from the past and it also known as “History”. This project consists of both group and individual work. As a group of 10, we are given a certain country. After exploring the history of the country, we have to choose a specific timeline or period for further study. Then, we have to study the culture, traditions, administration, social strata and historical incidents of the specific chosen timeline. With the researches that we have done, we are required to select the most important part to perform a play in class as our final presentation.

Individually, we have to study our own chosen character in details and gather all the important information for the group use and also for our individual journal. The journal consists of maximum 6 pages in A5 size, and we are also required to make a packaging for the journal. The mark weightage for this assignment is 30%, which 20% of group work and another 10% for individual journal.

After forming a group of ten during the tutorial class, we had a lucky draw session to decide which country each group will take. With a higher excitement, our group got Britain as our theme. This is a challenge for us because we are not familiar with Britain history. In order to help us to accomplish this difficult task, we will have four weeks of tutorial according to the brief and each tutorial we are required to show our progress with the progress sheets prepared by the lecturers. The following pages are the attachment files of the completed brief:

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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN Research Unit for Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia Foundation of Natural and Built Environments CULTURE & CIVILIZATION (FDES 0815) Prerequisite: None Lecturer : Normah Sulaiman . Ida Mazlan

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Project 2 Messages from The Past 30% marks (20% Group – 10% Individual) Submission date: 11th December 2014

Introduction

“The history of drama stretches back to some of mankind's earliest civilizations. It's always fun to learn the history of a play that you're watching. You could be seeing something that people have enjoyed for hundreds or thousands of years. Drama as we know it got its start back in ancient Greece. Many of the plays written during the Classical period, from 525 BC to 385 BC, are still performed today”

Cheever, J. 2011

Objectives of Project

1. To examine the similarities and differences between Eastern and Western civilizations.

Learning Outcome

1. Able to recall the development of Eastern and Western human civilizations in the past as well as present.

2. Able to demonstrate good documentation and presentation skills.

Tasks

Part I: Timeline Research: You are to research and analyze the specific given timeline through books, and Internet. Elements such as the culture, administration, social strata, tradition and history or myth are to be researched and included in the timeline. With the research that you have conducted in mind prepare a visual timeline. Select the most important plot from the timeline for your performance. The materials gathered are to assist you for your group and individual outcome.

Part II: Individually, your task is to study the character chosen in detail that would demonstrate your understanding of the chosen elements in Part 1. Final submission as a group would be a showcase of students’ understanding of the timeline and the 20mins showcase / acting of the scene of the elements that are prominent in the timeline.

Part III: Submission as an individual would be a journal on the character in A5 size comprises of series of sketches, colored, complete with annotations and design the packaging of your journals.

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Schedule

Week 6 : 6th Nov 2014 : Planning of ProjectWeek 7 : 13th Nov 2014 : Progress I- 5% evaluationWeek 8 : 20th Nov 2014 : Progress I- 5% evaluationWeek 9 : 27th Nov 2014 : Progress II- 20% evaluationWeek 10 : 4th December 2014 : Progress III- 20% evaluationWeek 11 : 11th December 2014 : Performance DayWeek 12 : 16th December 2014 : Submission of Individual Component

*It is compulsory for you to bring your tutorial sheet each time you see your tutor. This tutorial sheet will be compiled in the final submission

Submission Requirement

Group

1. Screening Date and Assessment Day** Screening Date: 11th December 2014 Venue: Class Venue Time: Class Time

** For E-portfolio purposes, performance of each group need to be recorded and uploaded using proper media and compiled using a CD for lecturer’s archive.

2. An A4 report* compilation comprises of Part I and Part III.

*List of report content will as below

Document your research findings and tutorials output in A4 size with a proper cover. (Includes, refer to details below). This shall be submitted on the same day of performance.

Assignment brief Research – movies and characters that have inspired you, costume research, props research, etc. A summary of your research and how you have adapted the research into your story. A summary of your sketch. A script of your sketch. In each act in the script, pick the most crucial scene. Draw out that key frame (how you visualize that scene to be). You can draw with your own style. All ideas of costumes and props must be drawn and colored. After they are completed, photographs are to be produced to show the final outcome. References for both text and visuals.

Individual

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1. A5 booklet (maximum 6 pages). The journal includes brief introduction of character, progress of understanding and elements such as the culture, social strata, and architecture of the timeline. 2. Journal works must be in hand drawn or collage format (No computer graphics).3. Referencing and citation of sources is to be inserted at the back of the culture journal.

Date: 16th December 2014Time: Class TimeVenue : Class Venue

Reminder: Works submitted late will yield 10% mark reduction. For works submitted later than two working days, no assessment will be done.



** Subject to changes (if any and will be announced in class)

2 . England History Timeline

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Compare to other country like Greek and Rome, Great Britain has a shorter historical timeline, but the country is rich in its culture, administration system and traditions since the ancient times. In 19th century, Great Britain played a leading role over the world in developing parliamentary democracy and in advance science and literature. Great Britain has been divided into different period. The earliest period is called Prehistoric Britain when the first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago. Then, it came to Roman Britain, Anglo Saxon Britain, Viking Britain, Medieval Britain, Tudor Britain, Stuart Britain, Georgian Britain, Victorian Britain and the latest is Modern Britain till now. Below is the Britain history timeline:

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500,000 – 500 BC: Prehistoric Britain

43-410 AD:Roman Britain

450-779 AD: Anglo-Saxon Britain

793-1055 AD: Viking Britain

The first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago. They were hunters and gatherers of food who used simple stone tools and weapons.

The Romans were first to invade Britain and they changed Britain.

The Saxons ruled England for 600 years, forming the basis of its culture, language and borders.

The Viking Age in Britain began about 1,200 years ago in the 9th Century AD and lasted for just over 200 years.

3. The Elizabethan Era

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1066-1455: The Middle Ages-Medieval Britain (Normans)

1485-1600: Tudor Britain1603-1707: Stuart

Britain

1714-1834: Georgian Britain

1837-1907: Victorian Britain

Since 1902: Modern Britain

The Victorians lived over one hundred and fifty years ago during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901) and was a time of enormous change in this country.

In 1714 the British throne passed to a German family, the Hanoverians.

The Stuarts had ruled Scotland since 1371, but James VI of Scotland was the first Stuart king (monarch) of England.

The Tudors was one of the most exciting periods of British history. Henry VIII's matrimonial difficulties led to the split with Catholicism. Henry made himself head of the Church of England.

The Middle Ages in Britain cover a huge period. They take us from the shock of the Norman Conquest, which began in 1066, to the devasting Black Death of 1348, the Hundred Years' War with France and the War of the Roses, which finally ended in 1485.

Among all the periods, we finally decided to choose the Elizabethan era as our topic to perform

on stage.

Brief Introduction: The Elizabethan era is commonly considered

as The Golden Age in English history under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in the year of 1558-1603. It was the height of the English Renaissance and the period in which the arts flourished such as English poetry, music and literature. During this time,

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The Elizabethan Era

theatre also flourished and it caused William Shakespeare and many others composed plays broke free of England’s past style of plays and theatre. It was an age of exploration and expansion abroad. The aggressive historical event, which is the Protestant Reformation had happened in England. It was a battle between Protestants and Catholics and also the battle between parliament and the monarchy. In order to relieve this crisis, Queen Elizabeth then announced the first religious settlement in England, which is the Church of England. Besides, the most memorable crisis during this period was the Spanish Armada. It was an attempt by Phillip II of Spain to invade England but Spain was defeated. After Spanish Armada was repulsed, Protestant Reformation became more acceptable to the people. It was also the end of the period when England was a separate realm before its royal union with Scotland.Inspiration:

Before we start to distribute the characters and work on the plot, we had few meetings and discussion on choosing the timeline that is interesting. We tended to get inspiration from movies and some video clips because multimedia is the fastest and easiest way to learn new thing. These are the movies that we watched:

1. Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen

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Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen (1998)(Movie poster)

Cate Blanchet as Queen Elizabeth I

The director of this movie is Shekhar Kapur and Cate Blanchet as Queen Elizabeth I. This movie is set in 16th century England, this movie tells of the young Elizabeth’s ascension to the throne after the dead of her sister, Mary and her early years as Queen. In the end of the story, she decided not to get married but married to England itself, and be a virgin and a ruler of men’s heart. This movie doesn’t show much crisis or memorable incidents during the reign of Elizabeth but it gave a clear mind of all the important characters involved. Through this movie, we also have seen

Robert Dudley (Joseph Fiennes), 1st Earl of Leicester. He is Queen’s lover and a bit of ladies’ man.

Queen’s coronation“Coronation portrait of Elizabeth I of England”. 1600-1610 copy of a lost original of c. 1559.

Age

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The most inspired from this movie is the costume of the queen. There are many dresses worn by the queen in this movie, as Queen Elizabeth is as known as a fashionable queen during the period. The costume designer for this movie, Alexandra Byrne, chose to make Elizabeth’s Coronation Dress as close to Elizabeth the First’s portrait of the event as possible. Therefore, the coronation gown is potraited with gold tone on tone jacquard patterned with English roses. The dress features the characteristic squared neck bodice and cartridge pleated skirt. She also wears double-layered cloak, the long cloak is of the same material as the gown and lined with ermine while the second layer is entirely made of ermine. The cloak is fastened with a gold coloured rope finished with tassels. She is also wearing a partlet and a double-layered neck ruff. Her jewellery includes earrings, necklace and state chain. She also wears a crown and carries a sceptre and orb. Her hair is loose as it was the traditional hair-do for queens at their coronation.

Elizabeth: The Golden Age (2007) movie poster.

The banquet after the coronation ceremony, where Queen Elizabeth invited Robert to dance Volta with her.

4. Researches about Elizabethan Era

7 September 1533

Anne Boleyn gives birth to the future Elizabeth in Greenwich palace.

28 January 1547 Henry VIII dies; Elizabeth becomes a ward of widow, Catherine Parr. He is succeeded by his son, Edward VI.

19 July 1533 Elizabeth's Catholic sister Mary accedes to the throne.

25 July 1554 Mary marries Philip II of Spain in Winchester Cathedral; Roman Catholicism is restored as the primary religion in England.

17 November 1558

Elizabeth accedes to the throne on the death of Mary; she is crowned in Westminster Abbey on 15 January 1559.

1559 Elizabeth declares a religious settlement, which is a Protestant-based Church in England.

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4.1 Timeline

The director of this film remained the same, who is Shekhar Kapur and we can see the return of the remarkable Cate Blanchett in the title role of Queen Elizabeth. The story begins in 1585 when Queen Elizabeth hit 52. In this film, we can see her kingdom was threatened by two Catholics, Mary, Queen of Scots who attempted to take down Elizabeth’s throne, and Phillip II of Spain, who was building a great armada to invade England after the death of her wife, Mary of Scots. One of the best scenes in this film is played by Samantha Morton as a role of Mary, who was a heroic and devout woman who goes to the executioner’s ax with dismay but royal composure due to the incident of Babington plot. The best and the most interesting scenes in the film is the sea battle between Spain and England. The victory of England in the Spanish Spanish Armada, the sea battle

Execution of Mary of Scots. (Movie scene)

9 November 1569

The Catholic Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland lead the Northern Rebellion against Elizabeth.

20 February 1570

The Northern Rebellion is defeated.

1571 Elizabeth names William Cecil Lord Treasurer and gives him the new title of Lord Burleigh. She brings in Francis Walsingham to replace him as Secretary of State.

1586 Babington Plot to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.

8 February 1587 Mary Queen of Scots executed

July 1588 The Spanish Armada, an attempt by Philip II of Spain to invade England, Spain fail.

30 November 1601

Elizabeth makes her last address to Parliament.

24 March 1603 Elizabeth dies in Richmond Palace, Surrey.

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The Elizabethan period in England had a daily life based on social order: the monarch as the highest, the nobility as second rank, the gentry as third, merchants as fourth, yeomanry as fifth and laborers as sixth. The queen was believed to be God’s representation here on Earth. It was also believed that God had formed these social ranks and showered blessings on each rank.

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4.2 Social Strata

The Elizabethan administrative structure was highly centralized, with most actions centered on the Privy Council, which in turn was directly appointed by the monarch.

Below is the administrative organization chart:

The monarchy: The monarch of England during the Elizabethan era was Queen Elizabeth I. The government of Elizabethan England was centralized, well organized and very efficient. The queen was the ultimate decider and was able to determine issues of her nation’s religion. Queen Elizabeth was a wise and just Queen and chose the right advisers and never let herself get dominated by these advisers. All laws required the queens consent in order to be passed. The queen could not write and pass laws herself. She had to draw up a Bill and put it forward to Parliament for

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4.3 Administration System

consideration and approval. However, the queen could make Royal Proclamations without Parliament’s consent.The privy council: The Privy Council was Queen Elizabeth’s group of advisers and its main purpose was to give numerous different opinions to the queen and she decided on the issue at hand. Too often the advice was often ignored and the Council had to still carry out the queen’s wishes. The Council took care of administration routine, which involved matters of religion, military, the queen’s security, economics, and the welfare of the citizens.

Parliament: A group of representatives called Parliament was divided into two sections. The House of Lords or the Upper House consisted of bishops and aristocrats. The House of Commons or the Lower House consisted of common people. There were no political parties or a Prime Minister associated with Parliament during the Elizabethan era.The main function of Parliament at this time in history was to deal with financial matters such as taxation and granting the queen money.

Local governments: Each city and town had its own government, head by a mayor. Every county had royal representatives such as Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs, and Lords Lieutenant. They insured that the queen’s command and laws were enforced and obeyed. Regional governments were responsible for overseeing parts of England that the Privy Council could not supervise. The Council of the North, which resided in York, was responsible for Northern England, and the Council of the Marches, which resided in Ludlow, was responsible for Wales and some border counties.

Courts: The judicial system during Elizabethan period was made up of several courts. The most important courts were the Great Sessions Courts or the Assizes, and the Quarter Sessions Courts which dealt with most crimes. The Assizes was famous for its power to inflict harsh punishment. Petty Sessions Courts, Manor Courts, and town courts handled unimportant crimes. Civil cases were dealt by various courts depending on the person’s monetary status. The Court of Chancery judged criminal cases, and the Exchequer of Pleas handled the financial suits. The Court of Requests dealt with the poor or “poor man’s causes, and the Church Courts handled religious and moral

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cases.

4.4 Culture and Traditions

Celebration/ festivals: People loved the customs and festivals during Elizabethan period that were held each year. Almost all of the Elizabethan Customs and festivals held each year were part of the church, which they were required by law to attend. Since the Christian church celebrated many things throughout the year, it was a custom for all Elizabethans to celebrate these occasions. 

Punishment: Executions by beheading were awarded quite often in the era of Elizabeth 1. The most dreadful punishment was the one being hung, drawn and quartered. This was reserved for the most hated prisoners. Being burnt at the stake was another form of execution.

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4.5 Costumes

During Elizabethan period, clothing is one of the significant elements can de seen on the people based on the social classes. For example, the upper class of Elizabethan England wore elegant and luxurious clothing that were made of expensive velvet, exotic silk and satin. Only the members of the Royal Family were allowed to own robes, which were trimmed with ermine. Less noble folk wore clothing trimmed with either fox or otter.

Quite the contrast to the luxurious clothing was the clothing worn by peasants. They wore clothing made of simple materials such as English cotton, wool and leather. Woolen clothing was in fact quite popular among the working as well as domestic classes since it was cheap. The different colors worn by the people during this period also provide different message or indicate the social order of oneself.

Below are the researches of costume that done and simplified by us:

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5. The Plot

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Queen Elizabeth is crowned by the pope.

Pope: To the north, I present you, Elizabeth, your undoubted queen….

Queen Elizabeth sits on the chair and the ceremony

Queen Elizabeth and her servant walk towards King Edward’s chair while Sir William and pope are waiting for her.

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Upon Mary’s execution, Phillip turned to more direct plans to invade England.

Sir William informs the parliament to perform execution on Mary.

Sir William opens the letter and found out that Queen Elizabeth is in danger.

Mary (the servant) apologizes to Sir William but he is more interested about the content of the

Along the journey, Mary bumped into William Cecil.

Mary orders her servant, Mary Seton to deliver the letter to Sir Anthony Babington.

Mary writes a letter to execute Queen

Queen Elizabeth decides to lock Mary in the prison before her throne get threatened.

Queen Elizabeth asks Blanche Parry for her advice.

Mary seeks for the help from Queen Elizabeth to free her.

Mary of Scots flees to the border of England after escaping from her prison.

Queen Elizabeth requested all of them to vote for the proposal for the sake of people but not for herself.

Catholic pope and protestant pope denied the proposal strongly.

Queen Elizabeth asks the crowd to be silence.

Queen Elizabeth proposes the Act of Uniformity.

6. The Script

Elizabeth I : The Golden AgeName: Character: Signature:

SCENE 1Slides 1:1. In 1558, the Queen of England (Mary I) passed away in St. James Palace, England.2. Elizabeth, her half sister, who was the only legitimate successor, forced to take over the throne. 3. She became queen at the age of 25, and reigns over England.4. And so, The Elizabethan Era: The Golden Age Begins !”

Slides 2: Westminster AbbeySound effect: Royal British music

(Elizabeth & Blanche Parry walk in, Elizabeth sit on the throne)(Sir William Cecil and bishop are waiting beside) Archbishop: To the north, I present you, Elizabeth, your undoubted queen ! To the south, I present you, Elizabeth, your undoubted queen!Archbishop: Now, I crown the Elizabeth , Queen of England, Ireland and France!(Bishop crown the queen and hand her the sceptre)

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At that point, a storm struck the English Channel, already known for its harsh currents and choppy waters, which devastated large number of

Years later, there is no dispute and quarrel between both religion, Catholic and Protestant. The country come to a state of peace and prospers.

Phillip II is in rage and sent a Spanish fleet of 130 ships to the English Channel.

Archbishop: Your Majesty.

Props: King Edward’s chair, red carpet, scepter, crown, trayCharacters involved: Archbishop, Sir William Cecil, Elizabeth, Blanche Parry

SCENE 2Narration 1:During the reign of Elizabeth, there is a major conflict between Catholics and Protestants, and there was Protestant Reformation. Elizabeth proposes the Act of Uniformity, believing that two religions should share the same Church and common book of prayers.

Slides 1: Inside the churchSound effect: Crowd chattering

(Elizabeth sit on the throne)Elizabeth: If there is no uniformity of religious belief here, then there can only be dispute and quarrel. It is better to have a single Church of England, where Protestants and Catholics share the same prayer book. Catholics: Impossible! We do not have the same belief, your Majesty!Protestants: Yes, indeed! We cannot share our holy ground.Elizabeth: Silence! I ask you to pass this Act of Uniformity. Not for myself, but for my people.Catholics: This is HERESY!Protestants: What heresy? YOU foolish Catholics, your religion is HERESY! Elizabeth: Calm down my people, each of you must vote according to your conscience.Catholics & Protestants: (Groaning Sound*)Elizabeth: Now, in your hand, upon this moment, lie the future happiness of my people and the peace of this realm. Let that be upon your conscience again.

Narration 2: After the election, the Church of England is built and Elizabeth became the Supreme Governor of Church of England.Slides 2: Church Of England

Props: ChairCharacters involved: Elizabeth, Catholic, Protestant

SCENE 3Narration 1:Years later, the Queen of Scotland, Mary which is a relative of Elizabeth, was eager to take over the throne of Queen Of England as a result of jealousy of her status at such tender age.” In 1565, Mary married Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, believing that she will have a higher status to take over the throne of England.” In February 1567, Darnley, Mary’s husband was murdered by conspirators led by Jame Hepbrum, Earl of Bothwell.” “Three months later, Mary married Bothwell.

Slides 1: Explanation

Narration 2: Believing that she had been party to the murder of her husband with Bothwell, the Scottish Lords imprison her in Loch Leven Castle but soon Mary managed to escape

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from the castle. (Mary is being imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle)Mary: Help! Help!(Mary shakes and kick the gate)(Mary escaped from castle)

Slide 2: Loch Leven CastleProps: Castle with gate

(Mary flees to the border of England, seeking support from Elizabeth.)Mary: Elizabeth! Help me!

Props: Signage of Scotland & EnglandSlides: MapSound Effect: intense music

Narration 3:Elizabeth’s first instinct was to restore her fellow monarch, but she knows if her monarch is restored, it will threaten her throne.

Elizabeth: I shall free my cousin, what do you think Mary?Blanche Parry: No, it will only threaten your throne my Lady.Elizabeth: If there is the case, I shall just imprison her.

Elizabeth: Lock her in the prison!William: Yes my lady!

Narration 5:After years of imprisonment, the Catholic nobles from the Northern England started a rebellion. The aim was to free Mary and put her in the English Throne. But soon, Elizabeth ordered to perform execution on the 750 rebels.

Slides: Explanations

Narration 6:Mary’s hatred towards Elizabeth started to grow and discreetly wrote a letter to assassinate Elizabeth.

(Mary is writing a letter. “Elizabeth must be executed” )

Slides: LetterProps: Old paper with feather

Narration 7:Mary asked Seton to deliver the letter to an assassin to kill Elizabeth.

Mary: Deliver this letter to Sir Anthony Babington! Immediately!(Mary took the letter and rush out)

Narration 8:

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Along the way, Seton accidentally bumped into William Cecil.

Mary: “Please accept my apology, my Lord.”William: “What is this?”Mary: “Er…nothing, it is just…”(William opens the letter.)(William is in rage and crumbles the letter)

Sound effect: Truth revealed soundSlides: Babington Plot

Narration 9: Without Elizabeth’s consent, William informs the parliament to perform execution on Mary at Fotheringhay Castle, Scotland in front of 400 to 500 people. (The executioner is chopping Mary’s head off.)*Behind white clothExecutioner: 1,2,3

Props: White cloth, pipes, ball, torch lightSound effect: Sad music, blood spatter soundSlides: Fotheringhay Castle

Characters involved: Mary I of England, Mary Seton, Sir William Cecil

SCENE 4Narration 1: Meanwhile, The King of Spain, Philip II is the main icon of Catholism at that time. He has always maintained peace with England, to preserve European balance in power. But at the same time, he has the endeavor to spread Catholism across Europe. He was putting hope and support on his own Queen, Mary of Scots, hoping to place a catholic on the English throne. However, upon Mary’s execution, Philip turned to more direct plans to invade England. In 1588, he sent a fleet, the Spanish Armada, to rendezvous with the Duke of Parma’s army and convey it across the English Channel.

Slides 1: Explanation

(Philip II is in rage and sent a Spanish fleet of 130 ships to the English Channel.)Philip: This is getting out of hand! Send a fleet of ships to the English Channel, now!

Slides 2: Spanish armada

Narration 2:Elizabeth were shocked by the news and appoint Francis Drake, a senior sea-captain to be the commander-in-chief of the English fleet to battle against the Spanish Armada.

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(Elizabeth sit on the throne and ordered Francis)Elizabeth: Lord Francis, lead your army and fight against the Spanish fleet.(Francis bowed down)Francis: Yes, your Majesty

(Philip and Francis confront)Philip: Charge! Now we claim our land and spread Catholicism across this countryFrancis: Protect our land! Tear every last piece of Spanish army.

Narration 3:And the war between Spain and England begin.

(Fighting behind white cloth, audience seeing the silhouette.)Props: paper ships, swords, torchlight, pipeLights: on & offSlides 3: Thunder & Storm

Narration 4:At the point of attack, a storm struck the English Channel, already known for its harsh currents and choppy waters, which devastated large numbers of the Spanish fleet.

(Army shouts)Francis: Seems like the weather is on our side today (shout)Philip: The current is too harsh, we may not have enough time to retreat. Sound effect: stormFlash: stormProps: ship wreckage

Narration 5:Philip lost around 5,000 of his men, almost half of his army. Fewer of them managed to fleet returned to Spain. After this incident, Scotland learnt a lesson and dare not to attack England.

Narration 6:Years later, there are no disputes and quarrels between both religion Catholism and Protestism. The country came to a state of peace and harmony.

(Elizabeth walk out from white cloth)Elizabeth:

Slides 4: Waving british flag with national anthem

Slides 5:1. Elizabeth I died on 24 March 1603 at Richmond Palace, between two and three in the morning. 2. A few hours later, Cecil and the council set their plans in motion and proclaimed James VI of Scotland as James I of England.

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3. Elizabeth's coffin was carried downriver at night to Whitehall, on a barge lit with torches. At her funeral on 28 April, the coffin was taken to Westminster Abbey on a hearse drawn by four horses hung with black velvet.

5. In memories of Elizabeth I

Characters involved: Philip II, Francis Drake, Elizabeth

7. Introduction to Characters

A. Elizabeth I: Queen of England Played by: Lim Pui San

- A long-ruling queen of England, governingwith relative stability and prosperity for 44 years.-The last Tudor monarch-Birth date: September 7, 1533-Inherited the throne in November 1558-Death Date: March 24, 1603Brief IntroductionElizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. When she was just only in the age of two, her mother was beheaded for adultery on the orders of her father and she was exiled from court. Before long, Elizabeth and her older half-sister Mary were declared to be illegitimate as her father sought to pave the way for a male heir. Edward, her half-brother was born by Henry VIII’s third wife. After the death of Edward, the two were later reinstated as potential heirs.Personality

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-A shrewd and intelligent woman -Fluent in six languages: Latin, Greek, French, Italian, Spanish and English.-Strong, independent-Loved to ride horse-She was obsessed with dancing and watching plays-She loved fine clothing and jewelry, and her attire was the height of glamour and fashion in the period.-She did not like warCharacteristics-Had an erect posture and very pale skin-Had an aquiline nose, reddish gold hair-She had extremely long, slender hands and fingers.-Had high and shrill voice

B. Mary of Scots: Queen of ScotlandPlayed by: Mok Po Yi

-She was the cousin of Queen Elizabeth I and daughter of Mary of Guise. -She got the throne at the age of 6 days old after his father’s death.-She was bethrothed to Prince Edward but Scottish Catholics rejected the marriage. Then, she was sent to France and married to Francis II then she had became the Queen of France. After King Francis II’s death, she had remarried to her cousin – Henry Stewart and had 2 sons. After that, she remarried another time and she was forced to abdicate her throne to her infant son. Mary raised an army but soon defeated so she asked Elizabeth for protection but she got imprisoned for 18 years. She had turned the focus of Catholic plots to assassinate Elizabeth. Then, she was found out that she wanted to kill Elizabeth and she got executed.

C. Blanche Parry (The Servant of Elizabeth)

Played by: Ong Jia Min

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- A personal attendant of Queen Elizabeth- Blanche Parry did not retired, however, staying with the Queen till her death.- She supported Elizabeth.- She went through all the crisis with Elizabeth.- She supported Elizabeth when she was imprisonedin the Tower of London.- She stuck with Elizabeth through thick and thin until she become the Queen.*She stayed at her side all the time.*She tended her needs.*She read and conversed with her.*She played music with her.*She hunted and dined with her.*She laughed and gossiped with her on daily basis.Blanche Parry in charge of many of the intimate daily routines of the Queen’s life, include:- Dressing Toilet, Washing, Grooming- Coordinating the correct gowns, jewels and furs for formal occasionsD. Mary Seton (The Servant of Mary of Scots)Played by: Hiew Li Ming

-Daughter of George Seton, the 6th Lord Seton, and Marie Pieris.-Raised a devote Catholic-When she was 7 years old, she became a Lady in waiting for the future Queen, Mary Stuart along with 3 other girls of similar age.-Between the four servants, she was the only one of the four not to marry, and continue in service with Mary, in Scotland and during her captivity in England.

E. Bishop Owen OglethorpePlayed by: Liew Yu Xian

Owen Oglethorpe is the last Catholic Bishop of Carlisle. He is best known as having officiated at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth and having died on the same day as Queen Mary. He is the one who officiated to crown Elizabeth while others refuse to do so. He is the

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founder of Tadcaster Grammer School.

F. Sir William CecilPlayed by: Khoo Ming Sen

Born: 18 sept 1520, Bourne,Lincolnshire, England Acceded: 25 Feb 1571Died: 4 August 1598Notes: Knight of the Garter.Brief IntroductionHe was one of the major political figures in the reign of Elizabeth I. He held all the major political posts in the land and was to all intents the most powerful non-royal in England and Wales. In his political lifetime, Cecil had been Principal Secretary to the Queen, Lord Treasurer and Chief Minister- all the major posts that could have been held.

G. Sir Francis DrakePlayed by: Tey Thien Hee

Nickname: El Draqu (Spanish),Draco (Latin, means “The Dragon” )Brief IntroductionEnglish admiral Sir Francis Drake circumnavigated the globe in 1577-1578. In 4 April 1581, Elizabeth knights Francis Drake after he completed voyage around the world. He helped defeat the Spanish Armada and was the most renowned seaman of the Elizabethan era. He was a loyal subject of Elizabeth 1. Drake seemed to epitomize the glories of Tudor England.He had great self-confidence and was very courageous. He was very quick and normally merciless in battle. He treated his crew with kindness, but demanded loyalty and respect from him.

H. Philip II of SpainPlayed by: Yan Wai Chun

Religion: Roman Catholic

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Race or Ethnicity: WhiteNationality: Spain-Philip supported the activities of the Spanish Inquisition in his efforts to extend the Catholic faith.-He leads the Spanish Armada to conquer England.[The Spanish Armada]The Spanish Armada was a fleet of warships Spain gathered together in an attempt to defeat England. At issue were: supremacy over the seas and empire building; the desire to defeat what was perceived as heterodox (Anglican) Christianity; to put a Roman Catholic on the Throne of England and to challenge the leadership of a brand new, untried Queen Elizabeth I. The English were able to float some ships afire between those of the Spanish, which caused mayhem and destruction. While this chaos ensued, stormy weather came up out of nowhere and basically completed the task of destroying the Armada.Spain really never regained supremacy of the seas after this event.

I. ProtestantPlayed by: Jaden Tan Wen Hao

Protestantism is the form of Christian faith and practice, which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what the Protestants considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. This idea was first advocated by Martin Luther and John Calvin. Initially an Augustinian friar, Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. His theologychallenged the authority of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only revealed knowledge from God. The term "Protestant" was first used for German princes who issued a proor dissent against the edict of the Diet of Speyer. Since the protestant reformation, many churches site this as heresy.

J. CatholicPlayed by: Tay Jit Ying

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No specific character. This is a potrait of Martin Lurther.

Catholic members congregate in a communion of churches headed by bishops, whose role originated with the disciples of Jesus. Over a period of some decades after Jesus' life, death, and resurrection, the bishops spread out across the world to form a "universal" (Greek, katholikos) church, with the bishop of Rome (traced to the apostle Peter) holding primacy. Catholics who remained loyal to the Pope would not be tolerated and regarded as traitor. Roman Catholic believed that protestants were heretic & devil-worshippers. They also accepted the ideas of sharing the same church and prayer book with the Protestant.

8. Costumes of the Characters

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Puffed Sleeves

Coronation gold cape

Gown cut square below the jerkin, sew with white lace and voile.

Blanche Parry

Small white ruff made by tracing paper

Sir Francis DrakePhillip II of Spain

Blue jerkin without sleeves

Bombastic breeches

Black jerkin without sleeves

9. Props research and sketches

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Long Red Cape

Long black dress

1. The crown contains pearls worn as earrings by Elizabeth I, these are suspended from the arches of the crown. Within the wide jewel encrusted band that forms the base of the Crown of State is mounted an enormous diamond, named the Second

Star of Africa. This priceless crown contains in all 2,783 diamonds, 17 sapphires , 277 pearls, 11, emeralds and 5 rubies.

2. The Scepter symbolises the temporal authority of the Monarch under the Cross.

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Wire gauze

3. White Blackout Cloth

4. Queen’s coronation chair

The coronation chair for the throne of British monarch is known as King Edward’s Chair. This chair was necessary and had been used for the coronation ceremony.

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This can project the play in dark when placing light behind it to create shadow. We use it for the war scene, which is the Spanish Armada where the guys fighting behind the screen.

10. Final outcomes

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Make from cardboard, coated with gold spray.

11. References

Books:1. Jenkins S. A short history of England (2011)2. Adam Hart-Davis.. History : the definitive visual guide : from the dawn of civilization to the present day (2007)3. Patricia S. Daniels and Stephen G. Hyslop. National Geographic almanac of world history (2011)

Websites:1.https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Elizabethan_era.html

2. http://thelostcolony.org/education/elizabethan-era/

3. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-clothing.htm

4. http://www.elizabethancostume.net/overview.html

5. http://elizabethanenglandlife.com/clothing-in-elizabethan-england.html

6. http://www.elizabethancostume.net/lowerclass/lcolors.html

7. http://www.elizabethanenglandlife.com/elizabethan-era-timeline-and-important-elizabethan-dates.html

8. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/

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