cultural awareness introduction-narration · 2018-04-04 · cultural awareness is promoted by the...

WiCPHETCulturalAwareness:IntroductiontoCulturalCompetencyandHumility

1.ABeautifulMosaic

2.IntroductiontoCulturalCompetencyandHumility

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IntroductiontoCulturalCompetencyandHumilityWiCPHET:CulturalAwarenessEducation:http://wicphet.org/educational-opportunities

Notes:

Thismodulehighlightskeyinformationonculturalcompetenceandhumilityandisintendedtomotivateviewerstofurtherengageinthetopicbyseekingcomplementaryresourcesforadditionalinformation.Suggestedresourceswillbelistedattheendofthismodule.

2.1LearningObjectives

Notes:

WewillincreaseawarenessforculturaldiversityinWisconsin.Wewilldefineandunderstandconceptsofculture,culturalawareness,culturalhumility,andculturalcompetence.Wewillidentifyhowtoapplyculturalhumilitytopublichealthpractice.Andwewillhighlightthecapacitiesandskillsnecessarytoworkeffectivelyacrossdiversecultures.

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2.2WhatisCulturalAwareness?

Notes:

Culturalawarenessisamajorelementofculturalcompetenceandculturalhumility.Itisfoundationalbecausewithoutit,itisvirtuallyimpossibletoacquiretheattitudes,skills,andknowledgethatareessentialtoculturalcompetenceandhumility.

2.3DefinitionofCulturalAwareness

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Notes:

Toembodyculturalawarenessmeanstoensurethatoneiscognizant,observant,andconsciousofsimilaritiesanddifferencesamongandbetweenculturalgroups.Thisincludesrecognitionofone’sownculturalinfluencesuponvalues,beliefs,andjudgments,aswellastheinfluencesderivedfromtheprofessional’sworkcultureCulturalawarenessispromotedbytheprocessofencounteringdifference.Whenoneperceivesthatanotherpersondoesnotbehaveaccordingtoone’sowndeeplyheldculturalexpectations,itbecomesanopportunitytoconsidertheseexpectationsmorefullyinlightofthisencounterandtoassesshowtheyareculturallybound.

2.4WhyisCulturalAwarenessImportant?

Notes:

Whyisculturalawarenessimportant?Therearetwoveryimportantreasons.

First,wecanacquireamuchdeeperself-knowledgewhenweareabletounderstandthebasisforourownbeliefs,actions,andresponsestowardothers.

Second,andevenmoreimportant,weliveinadiverseworldwheredifferentculturesinformthebeliefsandbehaviorofothers.Culturalawarenessisthefirststepinbecomingproficientinworkingwellwithpeoplefromavarietyofbackgrounds.

Asaresult,weremainopentotheideathatotherpeople’sculturesguidetheminthesamewaythatourindividualculturesguideus.Thisofferspublichealthprofessionalsabetterchanceofinteractingpositivelywith,andappropriatelyserving,diverse

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communities.Suchunderstandingsareparticularlyimportantforhealthprofessionalsbecauseculturalperspectivesandbeliefsprofoundlyaffectallaspectsofpeople’sbehaviorwithregardtohealthandwell-being.

2.5TheFacts

Notes:

Theincreasingdiversityofourstatebringsopportunitiesandchallengesforourhealthcaresystemstocreateanddeliverculturallysensitiveservices.

ThischartreflectsdatacollectedbytheU.S.CensusBureau,highlightingtheracialandethniccompositionofWisconsinfrom1980to2010.Eachdecadeisbrokendownbypopulationperraceandethnicity.Since1980therehasbeenasteadydecreaseinthegrowthofthenon-HispanicWhitepopulationandasteadyincreaseinallotherraceandethniccategoriesincluding:AfricanAmerican,AmericanIndian,AsianandPacificIslander,Hispanic,MultiracialandOtherRaces.Itisnosurprisethatanincreaseinracialandethnicdiversityhasresultedinanincreaseinthevarietyoflanguagesspokenthroughoutthestate.

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2.6TheFacts

Notes:

ThismaphighlightsthelanguagediversityofWisconsin.IfyouviewthemapasaPDFyouwillbeabletoseethelistoflanguagesandwheretheyarepredominantlyspokenthroughoutthestate.Accordingtothe2013AmericanCommunitySurvey,ofthemorethan5.7millionresidentslivinginWisconsin,467,555or8.7%speakalanguageotherthanEnglishathome.

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2.7TheFacts

Notes:

ThismaphighlightsthelanguagesspokenthroughoutthestateofWisconsinotherthanEnglishandSpanish.Morethan20%ofWisconsinresidentslistanotherlanguageotherthanSpanishastheirsecondspokenlanguage.

2.8Myths

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Notes:

Despite this growth, myths and misconceptions around culture and diversity may prevent people from seeking to enhance their own cultural awareness. Some of these myths include:

MYTHS:

“There are too many cultures in the United States and world. I cannot possibly learn what I need to know about all of them.”

“There are only a couple of cultures that are different from the dominant American culture in my community.”

“My own diversity, be it my ethnicity, my gender or my disability has taught me what it means to be culturally sensitive. I don't need any special training on how to become culturally aware.”

“I have examined my preconceptions about the various cultures in my service area, changed some of my thoughts, and now feel culturally competent to deal with people who might appear in my organization.”

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2.9Self-Reflection

Notes:

Beforewemoveontotheremainingmodule,let’stakeafewminutestoanswerquestionsaboutourownexperiences,beliefsandattitudes.Thisexerciseofferstheopportunityforamoreself-awareandengagedexperiencewiththemodule.Itisintendedtohelpyouunderstandthewaysinwhichyourfamilybeliefsandtraditionsplayedanimportantroleinhowhealthandillnessweredefinedandunderstood.Asyou’lllearn,beliefsandtraditionscometogethertocreateaculture.

Iwouldlikeforyoutothinkbacktowhenyouweresickasachild.Thinkaboutwhotookcareofyouandhow.Whatdidyourfamilybelieveabouttakingcareofyou?Weretherecertainfoodsbelievedtobegoodforyou?Weretherespecificwaystotreattheillnessthatwerebelievedtobebetterthanotherways?Howdidyourfamilyfeelaboutgoingtothedoctor?

Asyouconsiderthesequestions,pleasefeelfreetowriteyourthoughtsintheattacheddocumentbelow.

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3.WhatisCulture?

Notes:

Cultureisasystemoflearnedbeliefs,traditions,principlesandguidesforindividualandcollectivebehaviorsthatmembersofaparticulargroupcommonlysharewitheachother.Cultureservesasaroadmapforperceivingandinteractingwiththeworld.Itisessentiallyourpersonallensthroughwhichweviewourexperiences.Culturecanincludeanyoftheaspectsofwhatmakesuswhoweare-ourbeliefsaboutreality,howpeopleshouldinteractwitheachother,whatwe“know”abouttheworld,andhowweshouldrespondtothesocialandmaterialenvironmentsinwhichwefindourselves.Itisreflectedinourmorals,customs,valuesystemsandspiritualtraditions.Itaffectshowwework,parent,interactwithothersandunderstandhealth,wellness,illness,disability,anddeath.

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3.1“SoftwareoftheMind”

Notes:

One way to understand culture is to think of it as the “software” of the mind. Essentially, individuals are “programmed” by their cultural group to interpret and evaluate behaviors, ideas, relationships, and other people in specific ways that are unique to their group. Culture can also be understood from the perspective of being the person observed through a one-way mirror; everything we see is from our own perspective. It is only when we join the observed on the other side that it is possible to see ourselves and others clearly.

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3.2ExamplesofCulture

Notes:

Itisimportanttorememberthatcultureisfluidandnotstatic.AnyattemptstoidentifynormsorvaluesofsomeonewhoidentifiesasLatino,Muslimorgay,forexample,maynotbeeffectiveandcanleadtostereotyping.Cultureisnotequivalenttojustraceorethnicity.Forexample,onecouldsaythereisapublichealthdepartmentculture--weusedifferenttermsandacronymsthatpeopleoutsidethedepartmentmaynotunderstand.Herearesomeexamplesofdifferentaspectsofculture.Canyouthinkofotherexamples?

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3.3HowisCultureInfluenced?

Notes:

3.4HistoricalandSocialContext

Notes:

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Thehistoricalandsocialcontextofpopulationscaninfluenceculture,includingmigration,resettlement,colonization,religiousinfluences,andterritorialshifts.Someexamplesinclude:forcedmigrationofAfricansfromWestAfricatoAmericaduringtheslavetrade;theformercolonizationofAfricannationsbyGermany,whichforcedpoliticalboundariesthatdidnotmatchculturalboundaries;ormorerecently,theresettlementofSyrianrefugeesinEuropeandNorthAmerica.OnelastexamplethatmanymaynotbeawareofistheimmigrationofPuertoRicanstoHawaii,whenPuertoRico'ssugarindustrywasdevastatedbytwohurricanes,causingaworldwideshortageofsugarandahugedemandforsugarfromHawaii.Hawaiiansugarplantationownersbegantorecruitexperienced,unemployedlaborersinPuertoRico.Morethanacenturylater,PuertoRicanscontinuetothriveinHawaii-morethan44,000tobeexact.

3.5CulturalInfluences

Notes:

Otherculturalinfluencesinclude:values,norms,mentalprocessesandlearning,beliefsandattitudes,communicationandlanguageaswellasrelationships.Forexample,someculturessupporttheviewoftheindividualasbeingapartofamuchlargergrouporfamily,andplacegreatimportanceonthewell-beingoftheentiregroup.Thereareothercultures,however,thatemphasizetheimportanceofindependence,individualwell-beingandindividualinitiative.Anotherexampleofculturalinfluenceistheattitudeaboutcontrollingexternalforcesandacceptanceoflifeeventsastheyhappen.Manyculturesaroundtheworldhavea

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strongbeliefthatuncertaintyisinherentinlifeandeachdayistakenasitcomes.Thismindsetmanifestsinhealthbeliefsandbehaviorsinsignificantways.Talkingintermsofbeatingadiseasewillnotresonatewiththosewhoembraceanattitudeofacceptance.Acceptanceofwhatlifebringsdoesnotindicateanunwillingnesstocooperatewithhealthservicesandtreatment,butratherabeliefthatfightingillnessisanegativeapproachtohealing.

4.WhatisCulturalCompetence?

Notes:

Culturalcompetenceistheabilityofanindividualtounderstandandrespectvalues,attitudes,beliefs,andcustomsthatdifferacrosscultures.Inorderforonetobeabletodothis,onemustbeawareofthemselves--whotheyare,whattheybelieveandalsoacceptingofculturaldifferences.

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4.1RecognizingCulturalCompetence

Notes:

Accordingtothedefinitionpreviouslymentioned,beingculturallycompetentmeansthatoneismindfulnottoassumeculturesarehomogenousandstatic.Thereisanunderstandingthatindividualswithinacertainculturemaydeviatefromculturalnormsformanyreasons.Interactingwithculturalcompetencemeansthatonedoesnotoversimplify,generalizeorstereotype.Italsomeansthatonehasabroaderunderstandingofwhatculturemeans-itisnotjustethnicity,nationalityandlanguage.Culturalcompetency,accordingtothedefinitioninthismodule,doesnotreduceculturetoatechnicalskillwhichcanbetaughtandmastered.Italsoismindfulofnotonlythecultureoftheindividualcommunitymemberreceivingservices,butalsothecultureofthepersonadministeringservices.

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4.2WhyisCulturalCompetenceImportant?

Notes:

Onanorganizationalandsystemslevel,weneedculturalcompetencebecause:diversityisareality;thereareshiftingdemographicswithinourworkforce;itincreasestrustandcooperation;itpromotesinclusionandequality;andisarichresourceforcreativeandalternativeideas.

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4.3CulturalCompetenceinPublicHealth

Notes:

Additionally,itisimportantforpublichealthpractitionerstoembraceculturalcompetenceinordertoaddresshealthdisparitiesandhavelastingimpacts.Thehealthofacommunitydependsontheindividualandcollectiveideasaboutillnessandtreatment.Culturalcompetenceinpublichealthpracticeensurestheincorporationofculturalvaluesintotheplanning,implementationandevaluationofhealthprogramsandinterventions.Thismeansthathealthinterventionsforcommunitymembersmustbedevelopedinthecontextoflocalbeliefsandpractices.Thisrequiresthatonerecognizesculturalfactorsandhastheabilitytoadaptskillsaccordingly.

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4.4PublicHealthPractice

Notes:

Furthermore,publichealthpracticeisimpactedbyculturalcompetencethroughtheCoreCompetenciesforPublicHealthProfessionals,whichweredevelopedbythePublicHealthFoundation’sCouncilonLinkagesBetweenAcademiaandPublicHealthPractice.ThesecorecompetenciesmustbemetinordertodelivertheTenEssentialPublicHealthServices.Someofthecompetenciesrequirepublichealthprofessionalstocommunicateinwritingandorallywithlinguisticandculturalproficiency;describethediversityofindividualsandpopulationsinacommunity;describetheroleofdiversityandculturalfactorsintheaccessibility,availability,acceptabilityanddeliveryofpublichealthservices;andtobeabletorespondtodiverseneedsthataretheresultofculturaldifferences.

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4.5LegislationandStandards

Notes:

Culturalcompetencyhasalsomadeitswayintothepoliciesandstandardsofmanysystemsandorganizations,especiallyhealthcaresystems.ForexampleTitleVIoftheCivilRightsActof1964prohibitsnationalorigindiscriminationagainstpeoplewithlimitedEnglishproficiency.Asaresult,thereareimportantrulesregardingtheprovisionoflinguisticallyappropriatecare.TheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesrequiresthatallorganizationsthatreceivefederalfinancialassistancefromtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesprovidemeaningfulaccesspersonswithlimitedEnglishproficiency,includingaccesstolanguageservicestoeachindividualwhocannotspeak,read,orunderstandtheEnglishlanguageatalevelthatpermitsthemtointeracteffectivelywithclinicalornon-clinicalstaffatahealthcareorganization.Additionally,theOfficeofMinorityHealthestablishedtheNationalStandardsofCulturallyandLinguisticallyAppropriateServices,alsoknownasCLAS.Thesestandardsincludearequirementtoprovideeffective,equitable,understandable,andrespectfulqualitycareandservicesthatareresponsivetodiverseculturalhealthbeliefsandpractices,preferredlanguages,healthliteracy,andothercommunicationneedssuchaslanguageassistance.

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5.WhatisCulturalHumility?

Notes:

Culturalcompetenceisahelpfulstartingpointinthedevelopmentofacaring,compassionateandeffectivepublichealthpractice.However,itslimitationsarerevealedwithadeeperexplorationofthepracticeofculturalhumility.Whatisculturalhumility?Itisawillingnesstosuspendwhatyouknow,orwhatyouthinkyouknow,aboutapersonbasedongeneralizationsabouttheirculture.Itisbasedontheunderstandingthatcultureis,firstandforemost,anexpressionofself.Thismeansthattrulyunderstandinganyindividual’scultureisanongoingendeavor,becausenotwoindividualsarethesame,eveniftheyarefromthesameculture.Thevaluesalignedwithculturalhumilityinclude:openness,appreciation,acceptanceandflexibility.

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5.1PracticingCulturalHumility

Notes:

Howdowepracticeculturalhumility?Itmeansbeingcommittedtorespectingdifferentviewpoints;beingawareofone’spersonalbeliefsandnotlettingthosebeliefsinterferewithprovidingculturallyrelevantcareandservices;engagingwithothersfromaplaceoflearning;andhavinganattitudethatacknowledgescultureisindividualandcanonlybeunderstoodindividually.AneasywaytorememberthesevaluesandpracticesisthroughtheHUMBLEmodel.

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5.2HUMBLEModel

Notes:

Eachletterofthewordhumbleincorporatesvaluesandpracticesthatwillhelpyouembodyandapplyculturalhumilitytoyourpersonallifeandtoyourworkenvironment.Hstandsforbeinghumbleabouttheassumptionsyoumakeaboutknowingtheworld.Ustandsforunderstandinghowyourownbackgroundandculturecanimpactyourinteractions.Mstandsformotivatingyourselftolearnaboutcultures,healthbeliefsandpracticesyoufrequentlycomeacross.Bstandsforbeginningtoincorporatethisknowledgeintoyourwork.Lstandsforlife-longlearningaboutothercultures.AndEstandsforemphasizingandestablishingrespectinyourinteractionsinordertomaintainhealthyandproductiverelationships.ByincorporatingtheHUMBLEmodelintoyourdailylife,andadheringtoitsprinciples,youareembarkingonthelifelongjourneyofculturalhumilityanditwillimpactyourpublichealthexperienceinapositiveway.

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5.3CapacityBuilding

Notes:

Thissectionwillbrieflyhighlightthewayspublichealthprofessionalscangrowtheircapacitytobecomemoreculturallycompetentwhilepracticingculturalhumility.Additionalinformationoncapacitybuildingisincludedintheresourceguide.

Personal:

Onapersonallevel,youshouldacknowledgeyourownculturalattitudes,beliefsandfeelings.Itisalsoimportanttorecognizeandacceptculturaldifferencesthatexistbetweenyourselfandthegroupsyouworkwith.Italsomeansthatyourespectwhatyoumaynotalwaysunderstandandthatyouengageandlearnaboutculturesthroughawillingnessandcommitmenttopursueinformationinallofthewaysavailabletoyou.Andlastlyyoumustbeabletoregularlyconductaself-evaluationabouthowyourvaluesandbeliefsimpactyourworldview.

InterpersonalCommunication:

Wheninteractingwithothersanddevelopingrelationshipitisimportanttobuildtrust;learnhowtoeffectivelycommunicatewithotherswhohavedifferentlanguagesandworldviews;adaptmindfulinteractionsasyouengagefromoneculturetoanother;andpossessknowledgeandinformationaboutthespecificindividualorgroupyouareworkingwith.

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ProgramPlanning:

Whendevelopingandplanningprogramsfordiversepopulations,itisimportanttobeawareofhowpublichealthfitswithintheframeofaspecificculture.Itisalsocrucialtocommunicateaccurateinformationonbehalfofculturallydiversegroupsaswellasbuildtrustanddeveloprelationshipswithculturallydiversecommunitymembers;andalsoincludethecultural,socialandenvironmentalinfluencesoncommunitiesinprogramdesign.

OrganizationalDevelopment:Whenitcomestoyourorganization,it’simportanttoestablishanorganizationalvisionthatarticulatesitsprinciplesandvaluesforculturallycompetenthealthservices.It’salsoimportanttocreatealeadershipteamthatpromotesapositivemulticulturalworkenvironment.ItisimportantforyourorganizationtolooktothenationalCLASstandardstodesignandimplementpoliciesandprocedurestofosterdiversityandinclusion,andassurenewstaffareprovidedwithtrainingandothersupportnecessarytoworkwithculturallydiversecommunities.PolicyandAdvocacy:Inpolicyandadvocacy,youcanworkto:developmethodsthatwillhelpyouidentifyandacquireknowledgeaboutthehealthbeliefsandpracticesofspecificcommunitiesyouworkwith.Itisalsoimportanttoreviewpoliciesandproceduresfortheirrelevanceintheplanningandevaluationofprogramsandservicesforculturallydiversepopulations.Youmustalsoensurethatcontractingproceduresandproposalsforservicesincludeculturallycompetentpractices.Andalsobeabletoestablishpoliciestoassureallocationofresourcesforculturallydiversegroups.

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5.4CaseStudy

Notes:

Tohelpapplytheinformationyou’velearnedfromthismodule,pleasetakefiveminutestoworkonthiscasestudy.SupposeyouareassignedtorecruitlocalwomenoriginallyfromIndiaintoafamilyplanningproject.Whataresomeofthequestionsyouwouldaskaboutculturalfactorsinthewomen’slivesinordertomaximizeprojectrecruitmentandsuccess?

CaseStudyDebrief

Notes:

Here are your ideas. Now compare them to ideas others came up with: • Who makes decisions in the family about fertility? How and why? • How does fertility factor into the concept of a “good wife?” • Whom do you have to persuade that your plan is a good one? • How will women who adopt the plan be viewed, and by whom? • What is the local knowledge about the physiology of conception and

pregnancy? • Does it make sense that the family planning project will prevent pregnancy

without harming the woman, either physically or spiritually? • What is the role of children in the household economy? What is their role in the

family?

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• Who in the community will be affected (even remotely) by birth control, a pregnancy, and/or a new child? How?

• Who is likely to support or oppose your plan? How can you persuade the opposition to accept it?

• Does your plan fit, or conflict, with current practices? • Who in the community or family will be affected (even remotely) by a

pregnancy, a birth, or a new child, or by birth control, and how? • Who is likely to support or oppose your plan, and how can you persuade the

opposition to accept it? • How is the project, and you yourself, perceived by the community? How does

this affect their reactions?

How do your answers match and how do they differ? How did you apply the information you learned from this module to the case study? For future reference, you can access this case study along with your answers and ideas from others by clicking on the document link below.

6.1Objective1Review

Notes:

Inthisintroductorymodule,youlearnedthattheethnicandculturaldiversityofWisconsinhasbeensteadilyincreasingoverthelast40yearsandasaresult,morethan125languagesarespokenthroughoutthestate.

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6.2Objective2Review

Notes:

Youalsolearnedabouttheconceptsofculture,culturalawareness,culturalhumilityandculturalcompetence.Cultureisasystemoflearnedbeliefs,traditions,principlesandguidesforindividualandcollectivebehaviorsthatmembersofaparticulargroupcommonlysharewitheachother.

Culturalawarenessmeanstoensurethatoneiscognizant,observant,andconsciousofsimilaritiesanddifferencesamongandbetweenculturalgroups.

Thisincludesrecognitionofone’sownculturalinfluencesuponvalues,beliefs,andjudgments,aswellastheinfluencesderivedfromtheprofessional’sworkculture

Culturalcompetenceistheabilityofanindividualtounderstandandrespectvalues,attitudes,beliefs,andcustomsthatdifferacrosscultures.

Culturalhumilityisawillingnesstosuspendwhatyouknow,orwhatyouthinkyouknow,aboutapersonbasedongeneralizationsabouttheirculture.

Thegoalofculturalcompetenceistobuildunderstandingofminorityculturestobetterandmoreappropriatelyprovideservices.Thegoalofculturalhumility,however,istoencouragepersonalreflectionandgrowtharoundcultureinordertoincreaseawareness.

Thevaluesassociatedwithculturalcompetenceincludeknowledge,training,self-awarenessandacceptancewhilethevaluesassociatedwithculturalhumilityinclude

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introspection,co-learning,openness,flexibility,appreciationandacceptance.

Culturalcompetencemodelsencouragepeopletostrivetoobtainagoalandpromoteskill-building.Culturalhumilityapproachesencouragelifelonglearningandhelptoreducepowerdynamicsinrelationships.Bothconceptshaveshortcomings;culturalcompetencecanbeeasilyconfusedtomeanthatthereisa“competence”and“certification”inacultureotherthanone’sown.Culturalcompetencecanalsosometimesbefalselybasedonacademicknowledgeratherthanlivedexperiences.Culturalhumilitycanbechallengingforprofessionalsbecausethereisnoclearendresult,ratheritisacontinuousprocessthatemphasizeslearningwithandfromcommunitymembers.

6.3Objectives3&4Review

Notes:

Inadditiontounderstandingtheconceptsofculturalcompetenceandhumility,youlearnedhowtoapplythemtopublichealthinavarietyofwaysthatincludetheHUBMLEmodel,interpersonalcommunication,programplanning,organizationaldevelopmentandpolicyandadvocacy.Whatwillhelpyouincreaseyourcapacityineachoftheseareasisdevelopingyourpersonalskills,whichincludeacknowledgingyourownculture,beliefsandattitudes.Italsorequiresthatyouacceptthedifferencesthatexistbetweenyouandothersyouworkwithwhilealsorespectingwhatyoumaynotunderstandaboutothers.Itisimportanttocommittolearningaboutculturesotherthanyourownandalsobeingself-

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reflectiveabouthowyourbeliefsandattitudesinfluenceyourworldview.

7.ThankYou

Notes:

Thisconcludestheintroductorymoduletoculturalawareness.Pleaserefertotheresourceguideforadditionalinformationonculturalawareness,culturalcompetenceandculturalhumility.Thankyou!

cultural awareness introduction-narration · 2018-04-04 · cultural awareness is promoted by the...

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