cultural anthropology (chapter 6-7)

8/13/2019 Cultural Anthropology (Chapter 6-7)

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Follero, Angelica Mae D.

Ibgan, Gina C.

Ramirez, Jocelyn O.

Macatangay, Carmelo Jose M.

Carreon, Yvonne Jazmyne E.


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Define values operationally;

Explain the value clarification processes;

Discuss the importance of values;

Trace the origin of values; Classify values;

Trace the biological and cultural origin of the Filipino and

his values;

Compare the opposing value orientations of the Filipino; Identify the positive and negative Filipino values; and

Identify the customs and practices which are uniquely

Filipino.


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Etymologically, value comes from the Latin word valere,which means to be strong, to be worth.

Values are those standards by which a group of societyjudges the desirability and importance of persons, ideas,

action or objects. (Maciones, 1997) Values are shared conceptions of or belief in what are

considered desirable or undesirable. (Popenoe, 1974)

Values are something deserving of ones best effort,

something worth living for and, if need be, worth dyingfor.

Values are principles or ideas in which groups andindividuals may believe strongly and which guide theirrespective behaviors; principle by which man lives.


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There are 7 aspects of values that have to be clearly

defined and presented in order to say what the person has

chosen is a value.

Choosing

1) Value is chosen freely.

2) It is chosen among alternatives and with consideration

of the consequences of choice.

Affirming/Prizing3) There is celebration

4) There is public affirmation of the choice


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Acting

5) Value must be acted upon

6) Acting must be repeatedly done in some fashion to a

variety of similar experiences.7) Value should enhance and not impede the

development of the emotional and spiritual well-being.


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VALUESProvide the framework within which judgments is made.

Give purpose and direction to the lives of people.

Give meaning and significance to life and to the totality ofsociety.

Make things diserable, satisfying and worthy of approval.

Define what are important to people, what are worth

living for and, if need be, what are worth dying for.


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1)The Inner Man or Mentalistic theory

of Values

2)The Outer Man or BehavioralTheory of Values

3) The Labeling Theory or Cultural

Relativism Theory of Values


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Economic Valuesobjects with material value

ex. Car money, Houes

Behavioral Valuesinternalized guides to

behaviora) Instrumental valuesmode of behavior

b) Terminal valuesresults of behavior

Social Valuesvalues arising from interpersonal

relations

Non-Social or Self-Concern Values

Moral and Spiritual Values


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Non rationalism Non-Rationalism involves

the beliefs in the

supremacy of nature andforces outside of oneself

like the belief in ghosts,

spirits, gods, or deities

and other supernatural

beings.

Example:

Bahala na from Bathala na

Rationalism Rationalism refers to the

belief or doctrine that allknowledge and truth isfound only in reason, thatit is ascertainable byrational processes ofthought, and that there is

no supernaturalrevelation.

Example:

Ang maniwala sa sabi-sabiwalang bait sa sarili.


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Personalism

Refers to the tendency to

give due importance to

intrapersonal andinterpersonal relations in

working arrangements.

Examples:

Kaibigan; Kamag-anak;Comadre and Compadre

etc.

Impersonalism


eliminate the influence of

friendship or kindship inworking relations.

Examples: (in expressions)

Walang personalan, trabaho

lamang; walang malakas,walang mahina, walang

palakasan


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Particularism

Refers to the tendency of

a person to center his or

her concern on his or hersub-groups made up of

relatives, friends,

colleagues etc.

Examples:Tayo-tayo system; kamag-

anak system; kapatiran

Universalism


focus ones attention and

concern on the promotionof the national and

common weal.

Examples:

Kagalingang pambansa(Public welfare);

Katarungang panliounan

(Social Justice)


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Nationalism

Is the advocacy of making

ones own nation distinct

and separate from othersin intellectual, social,

cultural, economic,

political, and moral

matters.

Intenationalism

Rests on the belief in

having friendly relations

between and amongnations for their mutual

and common benefit.


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Bahala na

Utang na loob

Amor propio

Fatalism Sir

Use of euphemisms

Pakikisama

Hiya or shame Paggalang

Pakikialam

Tungkulin ng panganaysa pamilya

Use of intermediary orgo-between

Segurista attitude

Gaya-gaya

Pagmamamay-ari Colonial mentality

Filipino time


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Social Group is a unit of interacting

personalities with interdependence of roles

and statuses existing between and among

themselves.

Social Organization refers to a type of

collectivity established for the pursuit of

specific aims or goals, characterized by aformal structure of rules, authority

relations, a division of labor and limited

membership.


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Group members interact on a fairly regular basis throughcommunication they affect and influence each order.

The members of the group develop a structure whereeach member assumes a specific status and adopts a

particular role: each member accepts certain duties andresponsibilities and is entitled to certain privileges

The members of the group agree to some extent inimportant norms goals and values. Certain orderlyprocedures and values are agreed upon

The members of the group feel a sense of identity. Theythink of themselves as united and independent,somewhat apart from other people.


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1.According to social ties: refers to the

degree of emotional relationships or

quality of the bond.

a) Primary Groups

b) Secondary Groups

2.According to self-identification

a) In-group

b) Out-group

c) Reference group or psychological group


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4. According to purpose

a) Special interest group

b) Task group

c) Influence or pressure group5. According to geographical location and degree or quality

of relationship

a) Gemeinschaft

b) Gesselschaft6. According to form of organization

a) Formal Group


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1. Democratic or participate leadership is employed

2. Flexible patterns of communication are used

3. A Cooperative problem-solving approach to discussion

or employed rather than a competitive win-loseapproach

4. Members deal openly and candidly with another one.

5. Decision techniques which favor a sharing of

responsibility via protection of the individual rights areused rather than techniques which place the

responsibility clearly in the hands of but a portion of the

group.


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1. Group Size

2. Type of group goals

3. Motivational base shared by individuals.4. The kind of group cohesion

5. Social conformity

6. Group decision-making7. leadership


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Leads the people to prosperity or oblivion,

freedom or slavery, democracy or

despotism

One who stands tall among the rest.

One who knows the way, shows the way,

and leads the way.

A true and well-loved leader is long

remembered and does not perish in the

dustbin of history.


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Functional leadership

Status leadership

Task-oriented leadership

Relationship or person-oriented relationship

Transactional leadership

Authoritarian leadership

Democratic leadership

Tradition-oriented leadership

Development-oriented leadership


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Level of education of members

Cultural characteristics of followers

Standard of living of the groupParticular situations

Maturity of the staff


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cultural anthropology (chapter 6-7)

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