Seating planFRONT

BACK

ALFIE

AARON

JACKSHILOE

MEGAN

SAM

ADRIAN

BETHPAUL

EMILY K

PRAB

GEORGIA

ESTHER

ROSS MARTIN

JAMES

MAX

LOUISE

EMILY S

MATT

ALICE

2007Correct etiquette is expected in sports activities.(i) What is meant by etiquette?......................................................................................................................

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..............(1 mark)

(ii) Describe two examples of correct sporting etiquette.1 ...................................................................................................................

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.................2 ...................................................................................................................

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................(4 marks)

Etiquette

The unwritten rules or conventions of an activity

These are not enforceable rules but are usually observed.

Etiquette examples

Shaking hands with opponents and officials after the game

Kicking the ball out of play to enable the referee to stop the game for an injured player to receive treatment. The team that kicked the ball out then get possession back

Bowing to an opponent in judo

Examples like this are also sometimes called sportsmanship, which means in the spirit of fair-play.

Etiquette

A cricket team applauding the batters on and off the pitch

The non-putting player stands out of the eye line of another player and does not put them off

Examples like this are also sometimes called sportsmanship, which means in the spirit of fair-play.

A runner that is being lapped in a 10000m race move to one side to let those ahead go past

Where is etiquette expected to take place?

In the face of defeat In the face of success After an injury Honesty over a decision Respect for opponents

There are places in a competition or game where etiquette is expected to take place. Write a sentence to explain each of the following

What is the benefit of adhering to fair play and sporting etiquette?

Ensure the ‘spirit of the game’ is maintained

Ensures fairness for all players/teams

Ensure safe playImprove enjoyment levelsProvides good role models for

young people

Rules – why do we have them?

Make an activity fair and safe To make the sport distinguishable from other sports

Playing within the rules includes playing in the spirit of the game and not trying to bend the rules, e.g. cheating◦ Treating officials with respect and responding

positively

Personal responsibility - Show spectators the correct way of performing

Recreation

You should be able to...• Define recreation time• Identify different types of recreation

RECREATION

Recreational activities are participated in for intrinsic reward rather than extrinsic reward

Any form of play, amusement or relaxation performed as games,

sports or hobbies

Intrinsic reward: Something that gives a person an individual or internal satisfaction derived from doing something well

E.g. health benefits, enjoyment, feel good factor, mentally satisfied with challenge and

Extrinsic reward: Something that is done for a particular reward that is visible to others

E.g. Win trophies, praise, money

Non-competitive Recreational Pursuits

Hill walking

Dance

Pilates

AerobicsCircuits

Yoga

Benefits of non-competitive activitiesIncrease general fitnessOften suitable for all ages and can be

carried on throughout lifeGroup activities can provide social

benefits, e.g. meeting new peopleCan be completed at your own paceSome people do not like competitionMay develop specific aspect of fitness,

e.g. cardiovascular endurance, strength, flexibility

Outdoor RecreationOutdoor activities that are associated with

some degree of challenge that involve coping with the natural environment, such as...◦ Climbing◦ Fell walking ◦ Caving◦ Sailing◦ Windsurfing◦ Canoeing

Participating in Outdoor RecreationFun, relaxing, exhilaratingElement of danger and risk

For safetySpecialist knowledgeSelect appropriate level of challengeUse appropriate equipment when

necessary Able to deal with different conditionsAble to make judgements under pressure

Lifelong recreation/lifetime sport

Activities that can be carried on through life, regardless of age Competitions, sessions and clubs are often targeted at

different age groups to encourage maximum participation Often low impact and non-contact Sports that often require judgement and accuracy rather than

speed and strength Often create separate competitions/events for older age

groups, e.g. Veterans/Masters competitions E.g. Swimming

Benefits of lifetime sportsContinues to develop physical and mental

levels Maintains healthy lifestyle = prolonged lifeKeeps mind focused and activeKeeps social contact with other with

similar interestsEnjoymentChance to be competitive within their own

age groupPut into practice the knowledge and

understanding built up over the years

Recreational Activities Many recreational activities, such as walking, can be participated

in by anyone. How might the following factors affect participation in different

types of recreation ?

AGE

LOCATION

PROVISION & COST

Some activities might suit more elderly people and some younger people

Some activities are dependent upon the local environment

Might not be provision in your area. If they are available there may be costs involved that prevent participation.

SOCIAL GROUPS THAT INFLUENCE PARTICIPATION

By the end of the lesson...◦You should be aware of the different

social groupings that exist ◦You should be able to explain how these

social groupings can influence levels and types of participation

Which social groups can influence your participation in sport?

1. Peers (friends)2. Family3. Gender4. Ethnicity

Teachers Professional performers (role models)

Peers

Peer pressure – where the peer group will attempt to persuade an individual to follow their lead

People of the same age and status as you

Effect of family and peers How might (a) your family, and (b) your peers, effect upon your

participation in physical activity both positively and negatively

Social group

Positive effect Negative effect

Family

PeersIf your peers are actively involved in sport and physical activity, this is likely to have a positive effect, as you will want to join in with them

If your peer group are not in favour of regular physical activity, and/or have a negative view of PE, it is like to have a negative effect as they are likely to go along with their peers

May be a role model as children want to following their parents sporting traditionCould provide financial support by paying for coaching, kit and equipmentCould provide transport Watch and support you play

Family members may not be prepared or able to provide the supportThey may have had negative experiences of sport that have put them off physical activity May put pressure on children to focus on academic work

Gender

Now more opportunities for women to access as many sports as men do

More women becoming officials and coaches

Richard Keys and Andy Gray Sky Sports

Assistant referee Massey had just angered Wolves fans by not giving Raul Meireles offside as he set up Liverpool's first goal - a decision that replays subsequently showed was correct.

Keys: ‘Somebody better get down there and explain offside to her.’

Gray: ‘Can you believe that? A female linesman. Women don’t know the offside rule.’

Keys : ‘Course they don’t. I can guarantee you there will be a big one today. Kenny [Dalglish] will go potty. This is not the first time, is it? Didn’t we have one before? Wendy Toms?’

Gray: ‘Yeah. Yeah she was f****** hopeless as well.’

Keys: ‘The game’s gone mad!’

“I know a lot of women and they’re not consistent from hour to hour. Footballers want the rules to be applied consistently and this wouldn’t happen with women refs.”

“It’s hard enough for male refs to earn respect from players. With a woman in charge, players will be thinking: 'You know nothing about football”

“Also, let’s face it, women have periods and we all know how hormones affect them. Would women refs be banned during their 'time of the month’ because they might be more emotional, depressed or aggressive?”

Ricky Groves, ex-Arsenal midfielder and regular pundit on Radio Five Live

Gender inequality

Holders of the Ashes

World Cup Winners

Twenty20 World Cup Winners

Gender inequality Lower pay for elite female performers, e.g. Tournament winnings

Sport traditionally male dominated and women were viewed as the ‘weaker sex’◦ Women not allowed to run 800m in Olympics until 1960, 1500m

in 1972, 10,000m in 1988

Lower female participation in some religious group due to religious guidelines

Has been (and still is to a lesser extent) a lack of female sports clubs, particularly in traditionally ‘male’ sports, due to lack of coaches and facilities

Lower profile in media = less sponsorship = less money into grassroots◦ One of the arguments put forward for the lack of interest in women’s sport is the

low standard.

Few female sporting role models (performers, coaches, media)◦ Sports Personality of the Year – less than 25% of winners have been women

Gender inequality

Male-dominated culture - Some women/girls are turned off ‘sport’ because they see it is just not seen as feminine or ‘girly’

Increasing pressure to been considered attractive to be a successful sportswoman and to get media interest.

◦ Increasing number of women posing for magazines / wearing revealing clothing

◦ Wimbledon admitted to putting more ‘attractive’ women on Centre Court and Court 1 to appeal to the crowds.

◦ In beach volleyball regulations state that women’s bikinis must be 7 cm across the hip. In contrast, men’s shorts must be 10cm above the knee.

EthnicityPossible ethnicity factors that could

influence participation in sport may include:

Dress codes – for example, not allowing women to wear certain items of sports kit could affect the safety of the activity

Codes of behaviour such as single sex rules regarding mixing with others may prevent participation. E.g. Muslim women are not always permitted to take part in mixed sex sporting activities

Some cultures see a woman’s role as in the home which limits their amount of leisure time

Specimen paperFriends of a similar age and background are

known as:a) Peer groupb) Pressure groupc) Pair groupd) Support group

(1 mark)

Specimen paperNot all physical activity is competitive. Many individuals take part in a leisure or recreational pastime.

(a) Describe a leisure or recreational activity which is also non-competitive

(2 marks)(b) For the activity you have chosen above

describe the benefits which could be gained from taking part in this activity.

(3 marks)

2011Name two social groups and explain how they may have influenced Rachel’s decision to participate in football, swimming and cross country.

(4 marks)

2010Correct etiquette is important when taking

part in physical activities.

(a) Explain what is meant by etiquette. (2 marks)

(b) Give an example of when you would expect etiquette. (2 marks)