cuban rev & zapatistas 2011
TRANSCRIPT
Latin American Nationalism
Unit 8 Notes
Name: ______________________
Problems in Central America
Repressive governments, social conflict, and civil wars made progress difficultMost of the wealth and power in Central
America and the Caribbean in the 1900s was held by a few people
Rebels were fighting for changes they thought would better the poor people of Latin America’s lives
The Cuban Revolution
Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898
In the 1900s Cuba’s wealth controlled by American companies.The main companies in Cuba were sugar
and mining companies.The dictator of Cuba until 1959 was
Fulgencio Battista.Fidel Castro led the revolution of 1959.
Fidel Castro
Castro’s Government
Castro promised democracy but instead set up a communist state.
Cubans who wanted to escape Castro’s rule fled to Florida.
US Aid: One event that led the US to stop aiding Castro
was that he joined forces with the Soviet Union. Also, he began taking over US owned-businesses
and property in Cuba.
Cuba: Bay of Pigs
The purpose was to overthrow CastroThe plan was to arm Cuban exiles. Once
the exiles arrived in Cuba, unhappy Cubans would join them and overthrow Castro.
The invasion was a disaster because Castro’s forces broke up the plan and captured the invaders.
No rebellion against Castro occurred.
Cuba’s Declining Relationship with the US
US Embargo:An embargo is a ban on trade with another
country.The US placed an embargo on Cuban
goods in 1962.As a result of the embargo, poor
harvests, and bad government planning, made Cuba’s economy very poor.
Cuban Missile Crisis
In October of 1962, US planes spotted secret Soviet missile bases in Cuba
10/22, President Kennedy announced that the Soviets had placed long-range missiles in Cuba.
Resolution: President Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba and
to remove US missiles from Turkey; in return Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba
Cuban Missile Crisis
Results: A hot line is a direct line of communication between
two parties.
A hot line was set up between President Kennedy and the Soviet Premier so that they could contact each other more quickly.
The Limited Test Ban Treaty was agreed upon between US, USSR, and Great Britain to stop above ground testing of nuclear weapons.
Kennedy signing
Bill to quarantine
Cuba…10/23/62
Guerilla Movements
FARC – ColumbiaShining Path – PeruZapatistas -- Mexico
Zapatistas (Mexico)
History:
Tumultuous history plagued by racism toward indigenous population (Native Americans)
Emergence of national heroes during the Mexican Revolution of 1910 Venustiano Carranza Francisco Madero Emiliano Zapata
Emiliano Zapata
Man for whom the Zapatista movement is named
Poor mestizo sharecropper from Anencuilco
Sided with Madero’s demands for justice
Proposed the Plan de Ayala
Roots of the Movement
Communists from the 1968 student revolutions moved to Chiapas
They were against the forced migration of the Maya into the Lancandon jungle
Early 1980s: first rumors of organizationThe Mexican economic crisis of the 1980s
and 1990s upset the ZapatistasZapatistas were strongly against the North
American Free Trade Agreement 1994
1994 Uprising
January 1, 1994Takeover of seven cities in ChiapasDenounced neoliberalism, namely
against NAFTA Called for increased autonomy, rights,
and legitimate democracy (without US interference)
Led by a woman, Major Ana Maria
Armed Takeover in
Chiapas January 1,
1994
The Women
Conditions of inequality inside and outside of indigenous communities led to involvementUneducated, malnourished, identity based
on motherhoodNow many have increased sense of
autonomy and positions of importanceStill many obstacles for true equality
Latest Developments
Seven years after the revolt, on March 11, 2001, the Zapatistas marched to Mexico City and addressed Congress
Encouraged the passage of an Indigenous Rights Bill
Closed the door on dialogue due to Congress radically changing Bill and denying certain rights
Latest Developments
January 2003: Rose up again armed with machetes denouncing neoliberalism, ecotourism, foreign investment and plans for war with Iraq
Have aggressively detained several foreigners in an effort to deter foreign investment