Mark Kogan CTO Video Delivery Technologies Bluebird TV

Bluebird TV Is at the front line of the video industry’s transition to

the cloud. Our multiscreen video solutions and services, which are available on our global cloud platform or as head-end systems, cover essential elements of the video workflow including Content Preparation, Content Delivery Network (CDN) and Content Management System.

Topics Video workflow in the cloud

Efficient Video compression

H265 as a future compression scheme

Using video in the cloud Functionality

Scalability

Adaptability

Manageability

Cost effectiveness

Video Cloud Trends

Social

User Experience

Deployment

Infrastructure Video

Content Managemen

t

• Cloud • Hybrid

Integrations with: • Video

Conferencing • Studios • Other

Delivery Networks

• Live • VOD • Mobile • Offline

• Enterprise Portals

• Enterprise Social Networks

• Global video platform

• Dedicated studios and staff

• Centralized video repository

Key points in the Video cloud workflow

Save time and get your videos online faster.

Use the traditional browser-based tools.

Automate your Video upload process.

Video Cloud accepts your media in almost any format .

Video Cloud automatically generates multiple formats online for any end device.

Video Cloud makes it easy to save, sort and search your entire video library.

Control geographic access and schedules to define where and when your videos can be viewed.

Multiple accounts let you manage users, media and settings with flexibility and control.

Share content across affiliates, brands, properties or organizations with simplicity and control.

If you already have a large media library on internal delivery infrastructure, Video Cloud can configure your account to reference remote assets.

Live DVR features let your viewers pause, rewind, review and replay live streaming video throughout the event.

Cloud Publishing Module to monetize your live content with pre-roll and watermarks.

Analysis, file verification, and metadata extraction that manage how videos are transcoded and moved throughout your workflow.

This stage optimizes the encode parameters and gathers important metadata that will play a critical role in the later publishing process.

Analysis before the encoding process not only ensures accurate content, but also helps determine the appropriate encoding settings.

100% IP backbone

Client Manager Communicates with the Server layer

Server layer manages the Transcode Nodes and other components

Transcode nodes and server read file information

I-Frame – encoded without reference to other frames (also called Key Frames)

P - looks backward to I (predictive)

B - looks forward and backward to previous I and P frames (Bi-directional interpolated)

No frames refer to B-Frame (most of the time)

CABAC (Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding) More efficient (e.g. better quality), but harder to decode

Main/High profile only

CAVLC (Context-adaptive variable-length coding) Less efficient, easier to decode

H265 as a future compression

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a video compression format, a successor to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding), that was jointly developed by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) as ISO/IEC 23008-2 MPEG-H Part 2 and ITU-T H.265.[

HEVC was designed to substantially improve coding efficiency compared to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HP, i.e. to reduce bitrate requirements by half in average with comparable image quality, at the expense of increased computational complexity.

Improved parallel processing methods.

HEVC is targeted at next-generation HDTV displays and content capture systems which feature progressive scanned frame rates and display resolutions from QVGA (320x240) to 4320p (8192x4320),

Improved picture quality in terms of noise level, color spaces, and dynamic range.

HEVC was designed with the goal of allowing video content to have a data compression ratio of up to 1000:1.

HEVC Encoding Efficiency

Coding efficiency is the ability to encode video at the lowest possible bit rate while maintaining a certain level of video quality.[

H.264 used macroblocks with a maximum size of 16x16, HEVC uses coding tree blocks (CTB) with a maximum size of 64x64 pixels.

Larger block sizes are more efficient when encoding larger frame sizes, like 4K/8K resolution.

Larger blocks sizes enhance encoding efficiency.

Additional advances

Adaptive Motion Vector Prediction, which allows the codec to find more inter-frame (motion) redundancies.

Superior parallelization tools, including Wave front parallel processing, for more efficient encoding in a multi-core environment.

Entropy coding is CABAC only, no more CAVLC.

Improvements to the deblocking filter and the creation of a second filter called Sample Adaptive Offset that further limits artifacts along block edges.

Interlace/Progressive in HEVC

HEVC was designed with the idea that progressive scan video would be used and no coding tools were added specifically for interlaced video Interlace specific coding tools, such as MBAFF and PAFF, are not supported in HEVC.

HEVC instead sends meta-data in the stream that tells how the interlaced video was sent.

Interlaced video may be sent either by coding each field as a separate picture or by coding each frame as a separate picture.

This allows interlaced video to be sent with HEVC without needing special interlaced decoding processes to be added to HEVC decoders.

intra-prediction

H.264 used 9 intra prediction directions, HEVC can use over 35.

The intra prediction modes use data from neighboring prediction blocks that have been previously decoded.

Improvements made vs H264

Coding tree unit (CTB)

Parallel processing tools

Intra prediction

Motion compensation

Motion vector prediction

Loop filters

Deblocking filter

Sample adaptive offset

The HEVC standard defines two tiers, Main and High, and thirteen levels.[

The HEVC standard defines three profiles: Main, Main 10, and Main Still Picture

November 2013 draft of the range extensions amendment defines sixteen additional profiles: Main 12, Main 4:2:2 10, Main 4:2:2 12, Main 4:4:4, Main 4:4:4 10, Main 4:4:4 12, Monochrome 12, Monochrome 16, Main 12 Intra, Main 4:2:2 10 Intra, Main 4:2:2 12 Intra, Main 4:4:4 Intra, Main 4:4:4 10 Intra, Main 4:4:4 12 Intra, Monochrome 12 Intra, and Monochrome 16 Intra

The current implementation includes a Main profile supporting 8-bit 4:2:0 video, a Main 10 profile with 10-bit support, and a Main Still Picture profile for still digital pictures that uses the same coding tools as a video "intra" picture.

Already starting on extensions for 12-bit video and 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 chroma formats, as well as incorporating scalable video coding and 3D video into the spec.

The maximum bit rate for the Main 4:2:2 profiles increases by 1.25× while the Main 4:4:4 profiles increases by 1.5×.

The maximum frame rate supported by HEVC is 300 fps.

HEVC (H.265) Results

For the natural contents a bit rate reduction ranging from 51 to 74 percent can be achieved based on subjective results.

Predicted reduction based on PSNR values measured only between 28 and 38 percent mostly due to the fact that PSNR doesn't take into account the saturation effect of the human visual system.

PSNR also doesn't capture the full nature of the artifacts: AVC compressed sequences exhibit blockiness while HEVC compression tends to smooth out the content, which is less annoying.

For the synthetic content, a 75 percent bitrate reduction can be achieved based on subjective results while the predicted reduction based on PSNR values was 68 percent.

Thank you