CSS BOXES & DIMENSIONSAdvanced CSS techniques

the box model

• All HTML elements are rendered as boxes

• Stylesheets can control how to display these boxes (color, placement, etc)

• There are 3 basic properties of boxes: border, padding and margin

BORDERSborder-width:3px;border-style:dashed;border-color:green;

border-left-width:thick;border-bottom-style:solid;border-right-color:blue;

MARGINS

margin:5px;

margin-top:30%;margin-bottom:-50px;

margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;

PADDING

padding:5px;

padding-top:10%;padding-bottom:2em;

padding-left:30px;padding-right:2.5em;

box model shortcuts

• padding:5px; all sides 5px

• margin:5px 2px; top & bottom=5px, left & right 2px

• border:1px 2px 3px; top=1px, left & right=2px, bottom=3px

• padding:7px 3px 1px 6px; (clockwise from top)

DIMENSIONS

• The size of the box can be changed using these properties:

• width:80%

• height:300px

Add all the values to get the actual dimensions of the box

SPEED TEST 01

<div id="cool"> <p>this box is cool</p> </div> <div id="hot"> <p>this box is hot</p> </div>

speed test 01

speed test 01 #cool { background-color:blue; width:500px; height:200px; } #hot { background-color:red; width:200px; height:200px; }

speed test 02

speed test 02 #cool { background-color:blue; width:500px; height:200px; padding:10px; } #cool p { border:5px solid white; padding:10px; }

SPEED TEST 03

speed test 03 #hot { background-color:red; width:200px; height:200px; border-width:10px; border-style:dotted dashed; margin-left:520px; margin-top:-220px; }

speed test 04

speed test 04 #hot p { width:100px; border:3px solid yellow; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:30px; padding:5px; }

types of boxes• HTML boxes can be categorized into

two types:

1. Block

2. Inline

• They can be controlled by the CSS property display

BLOCK BOX• Occupies the whole

width of the container element

• Has whitespace before and after it

• Dimensions are controllable

<p> <h1> to <h6> <div> <ul> <ol> <li>

inline box• Only as wide as

its content

• Flows with text lines

• Dimensions aren’t easily controllable <a> <span>

<strong> <em> <img>

inline vs block

speed test 05<ul><li><a href="#">Sisig</a></li><li><a href="#">Sinigang</a></li><li><a href="#">Tapsilog</a></li><li><a href="#">Kaldereta</a></li><li><a href="#">Adobo</a></li><li><a href="#">Bistek</a></li><li><a href="#">Mechado</a></li><li><a href="#">Laing</a></li></ul><a href="#">Back to Home</a>

Speed Test 05

speed test 05 ul#navi { font-family:Rockwell; list-style:none; margin:0; padding:0; }

ul#navi li a{ text-decoration:none; }

Speed Test 06

speed test 06ul#navi li a{

text-decoration:none; border-left:5px solid red; border-right:5px solid red; padding:5px;

}ul#navi li a:link, ul#navi li a:visited {

color:black;}

Speed Test 07

speed test 07 ul#navi { width:100px; } ul#navi li a{ display:block; margin-top:5px; text-align:center; }

Speed Test 08

• Change the background color and the borders when you hover

• Change the background color and the borders when you click