csr-external-target experiment (cee) · 2017-10-02 · nu xu “cbm school”, wuhan, september...

Nu XU 1/35 “CBM School”, Wuhan, September 22–23, 2017

QCD Phase Structure at High-Baryon Density Region�

CSR-External-target Experiment (CEE)

Zhigang Xiao(1) and Nu Xu(2)

(1) Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing (2) College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan�


Outline

1 Introduction 2 CEE Project

CSR External-target Experiment 3 HIAF


quark-gluon plasma

hadronic phase

Baryon Chemical Potential µB (MeV)

Tem

pera

ture

T (M

eV)

LHC SPS AGS SIS CSR

0

80

160

0 500 1000 1500

RHICFAIR/NICA

Chemical freeze-out*

(1) The discovery of Higgs - Origin of matter - Standard Model ! Theory

(2) The QCD Phase-structure - Confinement

- Hadron structure - Spontaneous break of χC

- QCD Phase boundary Critical point …

Emergent Properties of the QCD

Study QCD Phase Structure

2013 Nobel Prize In Physics

Baryon Density (MeV)

Tem

pe

ratu

re (

Me

V)


Phase Diagram

Phase diagram: A map shows that at given degrees of freedom, how matter organize itself under external conditions. New orders, regularities, properties, … emerge.

Water: H2O

QCD Phase Diagram: Structure of matter with color degrees of freedom, quarks and gluons.


(1, 2, 5-10)ρ0

QCD Phase Diagram (1983)

1983 US Long Range Plan - by Gordon Baym

Gordon Baym

High-Energy Nuclear Collisions and the QCD Phase Structure

1)  Baryon chemical potential µB is inversely proportional to the collision energy 2)  µB ~ 0: smooth-crossover from QGP to hadrons 3)  µB >> 0: models predicts a first-order phase transition

! QCD critical point at finite µB

quark-gluon plasma

hadronic phase


Tem

pera

ture

T (M

eV)

LHC SPS AGS SIS CSR

0

80

160

0 500 1000 1500

RHICFAIR/NICA


Early Universe

Neutron Stars

5000 200 20 5 2 √sNN (GeV)

HIRFL, China

FAIR, Germany

High-Energy HI Accelerators

RHIC, USA

NICA, Russia

LHC, Geneva

Accelerator √sNN (GeV) µB (MeV)

LHC/RHIC 5000-8 0-420

FAIR/NICA 8-2 420-750

CSR/HIAF 3.5-0.4 750-850

HIAF


quark-gluon plasma

hadronic phase


Tem

pera

ture

T (M

eV)

LHC SPS AGS SIS CSR

0

80

160

0 500 1000 1500

RHICFAIR/NICA


2 RHIC 3 RHIC, FAIR, CSR

Exploring QCD Phase Structure

1 LHC, RHIC

RHIC

For region µB > 500 MeV, √sNN ≤ 5 GeV, fixed-target experiments are much more efficient

CBM

LHC+RHIC

Property of sQGP √sNN ~ 0.1 - 5 TeV

RHIC+FAiR*+CSR

CP and Quarkyonic Matter?

√sNN ≤ 8 GeV


MTD Magnet BEMC EEMC

STAR Detector System EPD TOF iTPC TPC

- Large acceptance: |η|< 1.5 - Excellent particle identifications


The emergent properties of QCD matter

Collectivity 集体运动现象

∂µ [(ε +p)uµ uν - pgµν] = 0 ∂µ [s uµ] = 0


0 - 5% 60 - 80%

Au+Au collisions at RHIC

A. Andronic, et al., NPA834, 237(10)J. Cleymans, et al., PRC73, 34905(06)

Lattice fits

10 100 10000

50

100

150

200(a) Chemical Freeze-out

Chemical Potential µB (MeV)

Tem

pera

ture

Tch

(MeV

)

0

50

100

150

200

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Collective Velocity <`T> (c)

Tem

pera

ture

Tfo

(MeV

)

7.7 GeV11.5 GeV14.5 GeV19.6 GeV27 GeV39 GeV200 GeV

(b) Kinetic Freeze-out

Au+Au at RHIC

Pb+Pb at LHC2.76 TeV

1 2 3

Bulk Properties at Freeze-outs

Kinetic Freeze-out: -  Central collisions => lower value of Tfo and larger collectivity βT

-  Stronger collectivity at higher energy, even for peripheral collisions

Chemical Freeze-out: (GCE) - Weak temperature dependence

- Centrality dependence µB! - LGT calculations indicate the Critical Region around µB ~ 300 MeV?

- ALICE: B.Abelev et al., PRL109, 252301(12); PRC88, 044910(2013). - STAR: J. Adams, et al., NPA757, 102(05); STAR: 1701.07065 - S. Mukherjee: Private communications. August, 2012


K/π Ratios and Baryon Density

(GeV)NNs1 10 100 1000

/K/

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

data-//-KALICERHICSPSAGS

data+//+KALICERHICSPSAGS

HRG + Hagedornupper boundlower bound

Kinetic modelThermal modelStatistical modelSHM

1)  The K+/π ratio peaks at √sNN ~ 8 GeV, K-/π ratio merges with K+/π at higher collision energy

2) Model: Baryon density peaks at √sNN ~ 8 GeV 3)  At √sNN > 8 GeV, pair production becomes important STAR: 1701.07065; J. Randrup and J. Cleymans, Phys. Rev. C74, 047901(2006)


-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

(a) pions/+

/<

(b) KaonsK+

K<

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02 (c) Protons

ppbar

2 20 200

(d) Lambdas

RRbar

2 20 200

Collision Energy 3sNN (GeV)

Dire

cted

Flo

w S

lope

dv 1/d

y|y=

0

//nxu/BESII/01nxu/Zreference/02 v1/fig7_piKpLv1_au12017.kumac

10-40% Au+Au Colisions at RHIC

v1 versus Energy

STAR Preliminary

1)  All produced hadrons mid-y v1 slope < 0 2)  At √sNN < 10 GeV, Baryons’ v1 becomes > 0


v1 vs. Energy: Softest Point?

STAR: PRL112, 162301(2014) STAR: Preliminary

1)  Minimum at √sNN = 10 GeV for net-proton and net-Λ, but net-Kaon data continue decreasing as energy decreases

2)  At low energy, or in the region where the net-baryon density is large, repulsive force is expected, v1 slope is large and positive!

3)  Softest point only for baryons?

4)  Need model to explain!

- M. Isse, A. Ohnishi et al, PR C72, 064908(05) - Y. Nara, A. Ohnishi, H. Stoecker, PRC94, 034906(16),

arXiv: 1601.07692

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

3 10 30 100 300

Collision Energy 3sNN (GeV)

Au + Au Collisions at RHIC

µB (MeV) 700 420 250 25

(10 - 40% centrality)

Dire

cted

Flo

w S

lope

dv 1/d

y|y=

0

STAR PreliminaryNet < protonNet < RNet < Kaon

//nxu/BESII/01nxu/Zreference/02 v1/Fig4v2_pKL_v1_june12017.kumac


v1 vs. Energy: Softest Point?

“Attractive force” ! Change of the EOS ~ “softest point” - Y. Nara, A. Ohnishi, H. Stoecker, arXiv: 1601.07692 ; PRC94, 034906(2016)

STAR data: Kathryn Meehan, QM2017

The emergent properties of QCD matter

Criticality 临界现象


Higher Moments and Criticality 1) Higher moments of conserved quantum numbers:

Q, S, B, in high-energy nuclear collisions

2) Sensitive to critical point (ξ correlation length):

3) Direct comparison with calculations at any order:

4)  Extract susceptibilities and freeze-out temperature. An independent/important test of thermal equilibrium in heavy ion collisions.

References: - STAR: PRL105, 22303(10); ibid, 112, 032302(14)

- S. Ejiri, F. Karsch, K. Redlich, PLB633, 275(06) // M. Stephanov: PRL102, 032301(09) // R.V. Gavai and S. Gupta, PLB696, 459(11) // F. Karsch et al, PLB695, 136(11),

- A. Bazavov et al., PRL109, 192302(12) // S. Borsanyi et al., PRL111, 062005(13) // V. Skokov et al., PRC88, 034901(13) - PBM, A. Rustamov, J. Stachel, arXiv:1612.00702

€

δN( )2 ≈ ξ2, δN( )3 ≈ ξ4.5, δN( )4 ≈ ξ7

Sσ ≈χB3

χB2 , κσ 2 ≈

χB4

χB2

µB = 0

0

1

2

3

4

2 10 20 505 100 200

net-protonanti-protonproton

BES-II error for net-p

UrQMD

Au + Au Collisions at RHIC0-5% centrality

|y| < 0.5, 0.4 < pT < 2 (GeV/c)

STAR Preliminary

Colliding Energy 3sNN (GeV)

Hig

h M

omen

ts gm

2

Search for the QCD Critical Point

CEE

1) CEP=(µE=685, TE=106)MeV => √sNN ~ 4 GeV F. Gao, et al. PRD93, 094019(2016)

2) At CSR：√sNN ~ 2 GeV and at HIAF: √sNN ~ 3.5 GeV

! CEE is important to complete the ‘CP oscillation’

CSRm 1000 AMeV (H.I.), ≤ 2.8 GeV (p)

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR）

0

1

2

3

4

102 20 505 100 200


0-5% centralitySTAR Preliminary


Au + Au Collisions at RHIC|y| < 0.5, 0.4 < pT < 2 (GeV/c)

g*m

2

SPS: 6.5< 3sNN <17.3 GeVFAIR: 2.4< 3sNN <5.2 GeVRHIC: 4.8< 3sNN <14.2 GeV

CEE

CBM 2025

CEE


HIAF

The establishment of the National Research Center at the Pearl River Delta is planned!

Location!

Huizhou city and Guangdong province will cover the expenses for land, preparing land, constructing roads, electricity and water supply stations, …!


Experimental Setups at HIAF

Gas-filled Recoil Separator

Low Energy Spectrometer TSR

Low Energy Irradiation Terminal

Setup for Hypernuclear Study

Fragment Separator and Spectrometer

DR Spectrometer

In-ring Reaction Spectrometer

Mass and Lifetime Spectrometers

CEE Concept

Target

BeamZDC

Superconducting Magnet

Beam Monitor

MWDC

TPC

TOF

T0 Detector

iTOF

技术亮点 1) Beam Monitor (CCNU)

自主研制 2) Time of Flight Detector (MRPC) (THU、USTC) 3) Time Project Chamber (SINAP, CAS) 4) DAQ (USTC) 5) Superconducting Magnet (IMP, CAS)


CEE Concept

ZDCTOF

MWDC Superconducting Magnet

TPC

iTOF

T0

Beam Monitor

CEE: design parameters

时间投影室探测器（TPC）

灵敏区体积 1.(长)×0.8(高)×1.(宽) m3

读出片大小～80 mm2

通道数 12k

工作气体 90% Ar + 10% CH4

相对动量分辨 π、p典型值5%，总≤10%。

粒子种类量程 Z <= 2, π, p, d, t, He

双径迹区分 < 3 cm

径迹多重性限制 200

1级触发事件率 1000 Hz

微像素定位探测器

位置分辨 < 50 µm

时间分辨 1µs

探测器层数 2

像素数 360k

总面积 18cm2

飞行时间探测器

时间分辨 eTOF < 80 ps，iTOF < 50 ps

T0 < 50ps

占有度 10%~15%

总面积 12m2

通道数 3000

零度角量能器 ZDC

总体尺寸 1(长)×1.5(高)×1.5(宽) m3

能量分辨 10%

通道数 400

超导磁铁

总体尺寸 2.5 (长)×3 (高)×4 (宽) m3

均匀场区尺寸 1(长)×0.8(高)×1.2(宽) m3

中心场/均匀度5kG / 1%

总体重量 200 吨

漂移室径迹探测器

横向位置分辨 0.3 mm

漂移室层数 3

通道数 3000

总面积 12 m2

相对动量分辨 5%


Topmetal Concept

Topmetal CMOS

Sensor

Topmetalreadout

Beam Monitor

Position and charge sensitivity

Topmetal Test Results

2014年5月13日 CN201210039357.1

http://211.157.104.87:8080/sipo/zljs/hyjs-yx-new.jsp?recid=CN201210039357.1&leixin=fmzl&title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7… 1/1

您现在的位置：首页>专利检索

申请（专利）号：201210039357.1大中小

申请公开说明书（5）页

申请号： 201210039357.1 申请日： 2012.02.21

名称：自由电荷像素探测器

公开 (公告) 号： CN102931202A 公开(公告)日： 2013.02.13

主分类号： H01L27/146(2006.01)I 分案原申请号：

分类号： H01L27/146(2006.01)I;H04N5/369(2011.01)I

颁证日：优先权：

申请(专利权)人：华中师范大学

地址： 430078 湖北省武汉市洪山区珞瑜路152号

发明 (设计)人：孙向明;许怒;黄光明国际申请：

国际公布：进入国家日期：

专利代理机构：湖北武汉永嘉专利代理有限公司 42102 代理人：张安国;伍见

摘要　

一种自由电荷像素探测器，由硅层、信号处理和读出电路、过孔、中间金属层、绝缘层和顶层金属组成；其顶层金属为集成电路芯片最外

层金属层，是一个金属阵列，这层金属裸露在外面，阵列中每一个小单元下面都有过孔与硅层相连接，信号处理和读出电路就在硅层上，信号

处理和读出电路所用到的中间金属层与顶层金属之间有绝缘层隔开。本探测器中与集成电路芯片外部直接接触的金属层部分由小金属电极阵列

组成，其阵列中最邻近的小金属电极中心之间距离＜100微米。在集成电路芯片的上面放一个阴极板，在该阴极板和顶层金属之间加电场，自

由电荷被收集到顶层金属上，形成信号。本探测器与已有的金属阳极相比，空间分辨率和灵敏度更高。

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中国发明专利

2015: (a) <ENC> ≤ 13e (b) sensitive to single charge particle

(a) (b)

NIMA, 849, 20-24 (2017)

2016 results:－position resolution < 17 μm

－NIMA, 849, 20-24 (17)


Storage1IMP，2CCNU

Simulations

Computing Centers for Data Storage and Analysis

CEE

Data Analysis

1)  Institute of Physics: Computing + Storage 2) CCNU: New Computing Center (NSC3)

CEE TeamCCNU, IMP, SINAP, Tsinghua Univ., USTC, PKU, Fudan Univ. HIT, Lanzhou Univ., …

北京大学，复旦大学，湖州师范学院，哈尔滨工业大学、兰州大学，三峡大学, 中国地质大学

(I) Symmetry Energy and EOS

HIRFL-CSR and HIAF are ideal energy region for study symmetry energy at high baryon density

ρ／ρ0


Esym(ρ) Above Saturation Density!

!  No sensitivity in peon ratios J. Hong et al. ArXiv: 1307.7654!

!  Soft π-/π+ Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 062502(2009) Phys. Lett. B718, 1510(2013)

! Stiff π-/π+! Phys. Lett. B683, 140(2010)

!  Moderate nucleon flow Phys. Lett. B697, 471 (2011) Phys. Lett. B700, 139 (2011)!

-  Medium effect are important by J. Xu et al. -  More experimental data at ρ/ρ0 > 1 are needed!

0

1

2

3

4

2 10 20 505 100 200


BES-II error for net-p

UrQMD

Au + Au Collisions at RHIC0-5% centrality

|y| < 0.5, 0.4 < pT < 2 (GeV/c)

STAR Preliminary


Hig

h M

omen

ts gm

2

(II) Search for the QCD Critical Point

CEE

1) CEP=(µE=685, TE=106)MeV => √sNN ~ 4 GeV F. Gao, et al. PRD93, 094019(2016)

At CSR：√sNN ~ 2 GeV and at HIAF: √sNN ~ 3.5 GeV

! CEE is important to complete the ‘CP oscillation’


Summary

1) HIAF is scheduled to be online in 2024. CEE is important for exploring the QCD phase structure in the high baryon density region

2) Physics focus: 1)  QCD critical point proton PID 2)  V1 of (π, K, p, Λ) pion PID 3)  Symmetry energy 4)  Polarized target

Acknowledgement

Q. An, XR. Chen, H. Dong, S. Gupta, F. Liu, F. Lu, XF. Luo, YG. Ma, B. Mohanty, HG. Ritter, M. Shao, XM. Sun, ZY. Sun, GQ. Xiao, ZG. Xiao, Y. Wang, JF. Yang, M. Yuan, L. Zhao, YF. Zhang, PF. Zhuang

Thanks for your attention!

csr-external-target experiment (cee) · 2017-10-02 · nu xu “cbm school”, wuhan, september...

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